Epitaxial GaAs on Si: Progress and Potential Applications

1987 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don W. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Epitaxial Structure ◽  
Epitaxial Gaas ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Gaas On Si ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time ◽  
Realistic Appraisal

ABSTRACTRecent successes, such as the demonstration of a 1K SRAM, have established epitaxial GaAs on Si substrates as a promising technology rather than a device designer's dream. For the first time we can seriously consider combining the individual electronic and optical properties of GaAs and Si within a single epitaxial structure. Applications for GaAs on Si range from those that simply utilize the Si as a low-cost, large-areapassive substrate with superior strength and thermal conductivity to the long-sought multifunction integrated circuits where Si and III–V components are integrated within a single monolithic chip. This paper will attempt to provide a realistic appraisal of the potential applications of epitaxial GaAs on Si with emphasis on the special demands imposed by each application and barriers that must be circumvented.

scholarly journals Evaluation of anthocyanin encapsulation efficiency into yeast cell by plasmolysis, ethanol, and ultrasound treatments using alone or in combination

Food Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-562
Author(s):  
M.D. Lieu ◽  
T.T.H. Hoang ◽  
H.N.T. Nguyen ◽  
T.K.T. Dang
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time

Anthocyanin is a water-soluble color compound of the flavonoid which was successfully encapsulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by plasmolysis, ethanol, and ultrasound treatments using alone or in combination in the first time. Treatment agents significantly enhanced the encapsulation efficiency of anthocyanin fluid. The encapsulation yield (EY) of the combined factors was higher than the individual impact factors. Ethanol 10% (v/v) and ultrasound 180 seconds for the highest EY 40.22±0.67%, then ethanol 10% (v/v) and NaCl 10% (w/v) for EY 36.45±0.35%, NaCl 10% and ultrasound for EY 32.14±0.98% lowest. The color stability evaluation of the capsules was carried out at 80°C for 30 minutes. The color lost rate was determined by the spectrometer. The color loss of samples with the un-treatment yeast was 20.45±1.21%, higher than the treated sample. This suggests that anthocyanin encapsulation by yeast cell is efficient in overcoming the effects of high temperatures and having potential applications in food processing.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Activity of Twist-Angle Stacked 2D TaS2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Kovalska ◽  
Pradip Kumar Roy ◽  
Nikolas Antonatos ◽  
Vlastimil Mazanek ◽  
Martin Vesely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Twist Angle ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Interlayer Interaction ◽  
Electrochemical Exfoliation ◽  
Light Sensing ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time

The development of low-cost efficient photoelectrosensitive electrodes as an alternative to the expensive and complex rigid systems is yet in huge demand for advanced photoresponsive technology. Herein, the light-induced efficiency of electrochemically exfoliated TaS2 nanosheets for hydrogen generation catalysis and photodetectors has been demonstrated for the first time. The electrochemical exfoliation of TaS2 crystals toward a few-layer derivative has been pioneered in anhydrous tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate in N, N-dimethylformamide. Comprehensive analysis of as-exfoliated TaS2 revealed the formation of nanoparticles and nanosheets with a lateral size of about several nanometers and micrometers, correspondingly. Observed mutual twisting of 2H-TaS2 flakes leads to the redistribution of charge density induced by interlayer interaction of the individual nanosheets. External light irradiation on the TaS2 surface influences its conductivity making the material feasible for photoelectrocatalysis and photodetection. The TaS2-based catalyst demonstrates high HER photoelectrocatalytic activity with the onset overpotential below 575 mV vs. RHE which can be lowered by thorough catalyst preparation. Finally, the TaS2-integrated photodetector in the acidic medium represents its broadband light sensing capability with the highest photoresponsivity (0.68 mA W-1 ) toward 420 nm light illumination. This finding will pave the way to a new realization of exfoliated twist-angle stacked TaS2 for photo-induced electrochemistry and sensing

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Activity of Twist-Angle Stacked 2D TaS2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Kovalska ◽  
Pradip Kumar Roy ◽  
Nikolas Antonatos ◽  
Vlastimil Mazanek ◽  
Martin Vesely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Twist Angle ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Interlayer Interaction ◽  
Electrochemical Exfoliation ◽  
Light Sensing ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time

The development of low-cost efficient photoelectrosensitive electrodes as an alternative to the expensive and complex rigid systems is yet in huge demand for advanced photoresponsive technology. Herein, the light-induced efficiency of electrochemically exfoliated TaS2 nanosheets for hydrogen generation catalysis and photodetectors has been demonstrated for the first time. The electrochemical exfoliation of TaS2 crystals toward a few-layer derivative has been pioneered in anhydrous tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate in N, N-dimethylformamide. Comprehensive analysis of as-exfoliated TaS2 revealed the formation of nanoparticles and nanosheets with a lateral size of about several nanometers and micrometers, correspondingly. Observed mutual twisting of 2H-TaS2 flakes leads to the redistribution of charge density induced by interlayer interaction of the individual nanosheets. External light irradiation on the TaS2 surface influences its conductivity making the material feasible for photoelectrocatalysis and photodetection. The TaS2-based catalyst demonstrates high HER photoelectrocatalytic activity with the onset overpotential below 575 mV vs. RHE which can be lowered by thorough catalyst preparation. Finally, the TaS2-integrated photodetector in the acidic medium represents its broadband light sensing capability with the highest photoresponsivity (0.68 mA W-1 ) toward 420 nm light illumination. This finding will pave the way to a new realization of exfoliated twist-angle stacked TaS2 for photo-induced electrochemistry and sensing

Materials for Devices in Life Science Applications

2007 ◽  
Vol 124-126 ◽  
pp. 1157-1160
Author(s):  
G.P. Li ◽  
Mark Bachman
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Life Science ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Computer Engineering ◽  
Nano Technology ◽  
Nano Fabrication ◽  
Chip Technology ◽  
Multiple Materials ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The unprecedented technology advancements in miniaturizing integrated circuits, and the resulting plethora of sophisticated, low cost electronic devices demonstrate the impact that micro/nano scale engineering can have when applied only to the area of electrical and computer engineering. Current research efforts in micro/nano fabrication technology for implementing integrated devices hope to yield similar revolutions in life science fields. The integrated life chip technology requires the integration of multiple materials, phenomena, technologies, and functions at micro/nano scales. By cross linking the individual engineering fields through micro/nano technology, various miniaturized life chips will have future impacts in the application markets such as medicine and healthcare.

Control and Perception of Balance at Elevated and Sloped Surfaces

2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter I. Simeonov ◽  
Hongwei Hsiao ◽  
Brian W. Dotson ◽  
Douglas E. Ammons
Keyword(s):  
Postural Sway ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Postural Instability ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Engineering Controls ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
The Individual

Understanding roof-work-related risk of falls and developing low-cost, practical engineering controls for reducing this risk remain in high demand in the construction industry. This study investigated the effects of the roof work environment characteristics of surface slope, height, and visual reference on standing balance in construction workers. The 24 participants were tested in a laboratory setting at 4 slopes (0°, 18°, 26°, and 34°), 2 heights (0, 3 m), and 2 visual conditions (with and without visual references). Postural sway characteristics were calculated using center of pressure recordings from a force platform. Workers' perceptions of postural sway and instability were also evaluated. The results indicated that slope and height synergistically increased workers' standing postural instability. Workers recognized the individual destabilizing effects of slope and height but did not recognize the synergistic effect of the two. Visual references significantly reduced the destabilizing effects of height and slope. Actual and potential applications of this research include the use of temporary level work surfaces and proximal vertical reference structures as postural instability control measures during roofing work

GaAs MESFETs, ring oscillators and divide-by-2 integrated circuits fabricated on MBE grown GaAs on Si substrates

1988 ◽  
Vol 24 (16) ◽  
pp. 1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ren ◽  
N. Chand ◽  
P. Garbinski ◽  
S.J. Pearton ◽  
C.S. Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Ring Oscillators ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Gaas On Si

Nanoimprint Lithography: A Promising Candidate for Next-Generation Lithography

2010 ◽  
Vol 139-141 ◽  
pp. 1558-1561
Author(s):  
Xi Qiu Fan
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Nanoimprint Lithography ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Linear Motors ◽  
Alignment System ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Micro Actuators ◽  
Next Generation Lithography

Due to its inherent simplicity and low cost, the popularity of nanoimprint lithography is rising, and is positioned to succeed EUV as the most popular choice for next-generation lithography. This paper presents a homemade nanoimprint lithography prototype tool with a high precision alignment system, which adopts both macro and micro actuators to achieve coarse and fine alignment. Linear motors with 300 mm travel range and 0.1 µm step resolution, and piezoelectric translators with 50 µm travel range and 0.1 nm step resolution are used as macro and micro actuators, respectively. Imprint of 80nm width gratings with a 250 nm pitch is taken as an example to depict the process of NIL. High resolution and fine fidelity of the imprinted results demonstrate NIL’s promising candidate for next-generation lithography, and potential applications in manufacturing integrated circuits, optical, chemical, and biological nanostructures or micro-devices.

Fractional Equity, Blockchain, and the Future of Creative Work

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 4594-4611
Author(s):  
Amy Whitaker ◽  
Roman Kräussl
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Equity Structure ◽  
Jasper Johns ◽  
Robert Rauschenberg ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time

A core challenge in studying the real return on artist' work is the extreme difficulty accessing private records from when an artwork was first sold and thus relying on public auction data. In addition, artists do not typically receive proceeds after the initial sale. This paper, for the first time, uses archivally sourced primary market records to model returns on art and introduces a novel fractional equity structure for artists. We first model what would happen if the American artists Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg had retained 10% equity in their work when it was first sold. Second, we model a portfolio return using data from the Betty Parsons Gallery and the Green Gallery. To add a portfolio analysis to the performance of “star” artists, we model the galleries as a fund invested in all of artworks sold, using auction sales as the realization event. We find that the individual Johns and Rauschenberg works would have vastly outperformed equities markets. The gallery portfolio still substantially outperforms the S&P, even including 20% transaction costs. Beyond the art market, our larger conceptual framework for retained fractional equity has broad implications for compensation of early-stage creative work in any field and for potential applications of blockchain technology. This paper was accepted by Karl Diether, finance.

Materials for Devices Applications in Life Sciences

2006 ◽  
Vol 510-511 ◽  
pp. 1066-1069
Author(s):  
G.P. Li ◽  
Mark Bachman
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Computer Engineering ◽  
Nano Technology ◽  
Nano Fabrication ◽  
Chip Technology ◽  
Integrated Devices ◽  
Multiple Materials ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The unprecedented technology advancements in miniaturizing integrated circuits, and the resulting plethora of sophisticated, low cost electronic devices demonstrate the impact that micro/nano scale engineering can have when applied only to the area of electrical and computer engineering. Current research efforts in micro/nano fabrication technology for implementing integrated devices hope to yield similar revolutions in life science fields. The integrated life chip technology requires the integration of multiple materials, phenomena, technologies, and functions at micro/nano scales. By cross linking the individual engineering fields through micro/nano technology, various miniaturized life chips have been developed at UCI that will have future impacts in the application markets such as medicine and healthcare.

scholarly journals Heteroepitaxial Growth of III-V Semiconductors on Silicon

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1163
Author(s):  
Jae-Seong Park ◽  
Mingchu Tang ◽  
Siming Chen ◽  
Huiyun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Photonic Integrated Circuits ◽  
Monolithic Integration ◽  
Heteroepitaxial Growth ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Future Direction

Monolithic integration of III-V semiconductor devices on Silicon (Si) has long been of great interest in photonic integrated circuits (PICs), as well as traditional integrated circuits (ICs), since it provides enormous potential benefits, including versatile functionality, low-cost, large-area production, and dense integration. However, the material dissimilarity between III-V and Si, such as lattice constant, coefficient of thermal expansion, and polarity, introduces a high density of various defects during the growth of III-V on Si. In order to tackle these issues, a variety of growth techniques have been developed so far, leading to the demonstration of high-quality III-V materials and optoelectronic devices monolithically grown on various Si-based platform. In this paper, the recent advances in the heteroepitaxial growth of III-V on Si substrates, particularly GaAs and InP, are discussed. After introducing the fundamental and technical challenges for III-V-on-Si heteroepitaxy, we discuss recent approaches for resolving growth issues and future direction towards monolithic integration of III-V on Si platform.

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