Vapor Treatment of Copper Surface Using Organic Acids

2003 ◽  
Vol 766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Ishikawa ◽  
Teruo Yagishita ◽  
Moritaka Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Copper Surface ◽  
Cold Trap ◽  
Acid Vapor ◽  
Acetate Complex ◽  
Infrared Reflection ◽  
Volatile Products ◽  
Vapor Treatment ◽  
Acetic Acids

AbstractThe mechanism for cleaning Cu surfaces using the vapor from organic acids was studied by infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IR-RAS) and by analysis of products collected using a cold-trap placed downstream of a reactor. When formic acid vapor was exposed to oxidized Cu samples heated to about 200°C for about a half an hour, the oxides were reduced. The surface seemed to have a shiny metallic appearance but no Cu-containing volatile products were collected, and the decomposition of formic acid molecules into CO2 was observed. In contrast, using acetic acid vapor, Cu-containing etching products were collected and identified as a dinuclear Cu (II) acetate complex. The vapor treatment using formic and acetic acids can be reduced Cu oxides to have metallic Cu surfaces. Furthermore, controlling temperature and choice of organic acids enabled the advantageous establishment of a control for the reduction in, and etching of, the Cu oxides.

scholarly journals Hydrophilic Nanoporous Copper Surface Prepared by Modified Formic Acid Vapor Treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 101620
Author(s):  
Lap-Hong Chan ◽  
Kiyokazu Yasuda ◽  
Jenn-Ming Song ◽  
Tadatomo Suga
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Copper Surface ◽  
Acid Vapor ◽  
Nanoporous Copper ◽  
Vapor Treatment

Fine-Pitch (≤10 µm) Direct Cu-Cu Interconnects Using In-Situ Formic Acid Vapor Treatment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
SivaChandra Jangam ◽  
Adeel Ahmed Bajwa ◽  
Umesh Mogera ◽  
Pranav Ambhore ◽  
Tom Colosimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acid Vapor ◽  
Cu Interconnects ◽  
Fine Pitch ◽  
Vapor Treatment

Low temperature de-oxidation for copper surface by catalyzed formic acid vapor

2018 ◽  
Vol 456 ◽  
pp. 890-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Wen Chou ◽  
Jenn-Ming Song ◽  
Zong-Yu Xie ◽  
Masatake Akaike ◽  
Tadatomo Suga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Copper Surface ◽  
Acid Vapor

scholarly journals Characterization of Aerosol Composition, Aerosol Acidity and Organic Acid Partitioning at an Agriculture-Intensive Rural Southeastern U.S. Site

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora Nah ◽  
Hongyu Guo ◽  
Amy P. Sullivan ◽  
Yunle Chen ◽  
David J. Tanner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Molar Concentration ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Aerosol Composition ◽  
Phase Water ◽  
Acetic Acids

Abstract. The implementation of stringent emission regulations has resulted in the decline of anthropogenic pollutants including sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO). In contrast, ammonia (NH3) emissions are largely unregulated, with emissions projected to increase in the future. We present real-time aerosol and gas measurements from a field study conducted in an agricultural-intensive region in the southeastern U.S. during the fall of 2016 to investigate how NH3 affects particle acidity and SOA formation via the gas-particle partitioning of semi-volatile organic acids. Particle water and pH were determined using the ISORROPIA-II thermodynamic model and validated by comparing predicted inorganic HNO3-NO3− and NH3-NH4+ gas-particle partitioning ratios with measured values. Our results showed that despite the high NH3 concentrations (study average 8.1 ± 5.2 ppb), PM1 were highly acidic with pH values ranging from 0.9 to 3.8, and a study-averaged pH of 2.2 ± 0.6. PM1 pH varied by approximately 1.4 units diurnally. Formic and acetic acids were the most abundant gas-phase organic acids, and oxalate was the most abundant particle-phase water-soluble organic acid anion. Measured particle-phase water-soluble organic acids were on average 6 % of the total non-refractory PM1 organic aerosol mass. The measured molar fraction of oxalic acid in the particle phase (i.e., particle-phase oxalic acid molar concentration divided by the total oxalic acid molar concentration) ranged between 47 and 90 % for PM1 pH 1.2 to 3.4. The measured oxalic acid gas-particle partitioning ratios were in good agreement with their corresponding thermodynamic predictions, calculated based on oxalic acid’s physicochemical properties, ambient temperature, particle water and pH. In contrast, gas-particle partitioning of formic and acetic acids were not well predicted for reasons currently unknown. For this study, higher NH3 concentrations relative to what has been measured in the region in previous studies had minor effects on PM1 organic acids and their influence on the overall organic aerosol and PM1 mass concentrations.

scholarly journals Effect of organic acids fed through drinking water on carcass and internal organs of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
E. K. Ndelekwute ◽  
H. O. Uzegbu ◽  
K. U. Amaefule ◽  
C. O. Okereke ◽  
B. I. Umoh
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Carcass Yield

A Six week study was carried out to investigate effect of different organic acids (OAs) fed through drinking water on carcass yield and internal organs weight of broiler chickens. The OAs were acetic acid (AA) butyric acid (BA), citric acid (CA) and formic acid (FA). One hundred and fifty (150) day old AborAcre-plus chicks were used. There were five treatments. Treatment 1 which served as control (CON) consumed water with no organic acid, while treatments 2,3, 4 and5 respectively were offered drinking water treated with 0.25% acetic acid (AA), butyric acid (BA), citric acid (CA) and formic acid (FA). Each treatment was replicated three times each having 10 birds arranged in completely randomized design (CRD). Feed and water were offered ad libitum. Results showed that dressed carcass weight and breast weight were improved by all the organic acids. While only AA positively influenced the thigh weight, all the OAs drinking water fed resulted to smaller drumstick compared to the CON. Feeding of AA, BA and FA through drinking water increased (PSO.05) deposition of abdominal fat. Weight of pancreas, small intestine, caecum and large intestine was significantly (P<0.05) higher in CON. The gall bladder was significantly (P<0.05) bigger in all the OA groups. Conclusively, OAs could be fed through the drinking water for improved percentage carcass yield, breast meat and larger gall bladder and invariably bile volume

scholarly journals Importance of secondary sources in the atmospheric budgets of formic and acetic acids

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 24435-24497 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Paulot ◽  
D. Wunch ◽  
J. D. Crounse ◽  
G. C. Toon ◽  
D. B. Millet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Negative Temperature ◽  
Photochemical Oxidation ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Chemical Transport Model ◽  
Wet And Dry Deposition ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Acetic Acids

Abstract. We present a detailed budget of formic and acetic acids, two of the most abundant trace gases in the atmosphere. Our bottom-up estimate of the global source of formic and acetic acids are ~1200 and ~1400 Gmol/yr, dominated by photochemical oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds, in particular isoprene. Their sinks are dominated by wet and dry deposition. We use the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model to evaluate this budget against an extensive suite of measurements from ground, ship and satellite-based Fourier transform spectrometers, as well as from several aircraft campaigns over North America. The model captures the seasonality of formic and acetic acids well but generally underestimates their concentration, particularly in the Northern midlatitudes. We infer that the source of both carboxylic acids may be up to 50% greater than our estimate and report evidence for a long-lived missing secondary source of carboxylic acids that may be associated with the aging of organic aerosols. Vertical profiles of formic acid in the upper troposphere support a negative temperature dependence of the reaction between formic acid and the hydroxyl radical as suggested by several theoretical studies.

scholarly journals Effects of some organic acids and salts on microbial fermentation in the digestive tract of piglets estimated using an in vitro gas production technique

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. PARTANEN ◽  
T. JALAVA
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Microbial Fermentation ◽  
Calcium Formate

An in vitro gas production technique was used to screen different organic acids (formic, propionic, lactic, citric, and fumaric acid), organic salts (calcium formate, potassium sorbate, and sodium benzoate), and inorganic phosphoric acid for their ability to modulate microbial fermentation in the digestive tract of piglets. For the incubation, 40 ml of culture medium (53% buffer, 45% frozen ileal digesta, and 2% fresh faeces) was dispensed in vessels containing 5 ml of buffer, 0.5 g of feed, and 20 ìl of liquid or 20 mg of solid acidifiers. Gas production was measured every 15 min during the 24 h incubation at 39°C, and a Gompertz bacterial growth model was applied to the gas production data. Formic acid was the only acid that reduced the maximum rate of gas production (ìm) compared to that in the control treatment (P < 0.05). The ìm was slower in vessels with formic acid than in those with calcium formate, citric acid, and potassium sorbate (P < 0.05) Calcium formate increased the ìm compared to the control treatment (P < 0.05). The maximum volume of gas produced and the lag time did not differ between different acidifiers (P > 0.05). When investigating formic-acid-based mixtures that contained 1–5% of potassium sorbate and/or sodium benzoate, the estimated parameters for the Gompertz growth model did not differ from those for treatments with plain formic acid (P > 0.05). However, concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid, propionic acid, and n-butyric acid were reduced by all the mixtures (P < 0.05), but not by plain formic acid (P > 0.05). In conclusion, organic acids and salts were found to differ in their ability to modulate microbial fermentation in the digestive tract of piglets. Mixing formic acid with potassium sorbate or sodium benzoate changed fermentation patterns, and the possibility to use them to enhance the antimicrobial effect of formic acid should be investigated further in vivo.;

Analysis of Organic Acids in Fruit Products by Anion Exchange Isolation and Gas Chromatographic Determination

1973 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1257-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W Baker
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Trimethylsilyl Ether ◽  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Resin Column ◽  
Acidic Components

Abstract The method described involves passing an alcoholic extract of fruit product through a cation exchange resin column and then through an anion exchange resin column. Neutral fruit components are washed from the columns with alcohol and acetone solutions. Acidic components trapped on the anion column are eluted using 6N formic acid in acetone. An aliquot of the eluate is evaporated to dryness after the addition of benzene to remove the excess formic acid as an azeotrope. The residue is allowed to react with bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide or bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide to form trimethylsilyl ether-ester derivatives which are detected by gas chromatography on a nonpolar (OV-1) column. Good recoveries were obtained for some common organic acids (succinic, fumarie, malic, tartaric, trans- aconitic, and citric acids) from fruit juice.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Growth and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens (Cobb 500) Feed on Different Level of Organic Acids Inclusion in Diet at Parwanipur

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
A. K. Jha ◽  
Md. H. Azad ◽  
Md.S. N. Ali ◽  
P. Alam ◽  
N. Sheikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Significant Difference

 An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different level of organic acids on productive traits, carcass yields and body parts (Thigh, Back, Neck, wings and Breast) of broiler chicken. This experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Parwanipur, Bara for 41 days to test the effect of organic acids inclusion in broiler feed and its effect on growth performance and carcass study. Altogether 225 day old Cobb-500 broiler birds were procured from Shivam Hatchery, Birgung and divided into 5 treatments with 3 replications (15 birds in each replication) by using completely randomized design. Concentrate feed was purchased from Posak Feed industry, Birgung. Control group (T1) was feed without organic acid inclusion and whereas T2, T3, T4 and T5 groups were fed concentrate mixture mixed with different combination of organic acids @ 400ml/ per 100 kg feed, respectively. Experimental birds were provided adlib amount of grower feed (B1) for 21 days and that after finisher feed (B3) for 20 days and had easily access to drinking water. Feed intake was recorded daily and body weight gain was measured in 7 days interval. Experiment revealed that highest weight gain was observed in T2 (2.6 kg) followed by T3 (2.5) where combination of organic acids were formic acid 65% + propionic acid 35% and formic acid 65% and citric acid 35%, respectively, however, it was not significant among diet groups. From every treatment group each birds were selected for carcass and body parts study. The study showed significant difference (P<0.5) in carcass quantity and body parts of the birds between the treatment groups. The dressing percentage of T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were 68.96%, 67.87%, 70.38%, 69.88% and 69.67% respectively. Experiment suggested that further study should be carried out to precise the appropriate level of organic acids inclusion and higher cost benefit ratio.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document