Real-World Applications of Laser Direct Writing

2000 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Ehrlich ◽  
Richard Aucoin ◽  
M. J. Burns ◽  
Kenneth Nill ◽  
Scott Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Real World ◽  
Flip Chip ◽  
Direct Write ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Level System ◽  
Laser Direct Writing ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Design For Yield

ABSTRACTLaser microchemical direct write deposition and etching methods have found an essential niche in debug and design for yield of wire-bonded and flip-chip integrated circuits. Future applications should develop in package-level system modification.

scholarly journals Long Low-Loss-Litium Niobate on Insulator Waveguides with Sub-Nanometer Surface Roughness

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongbo Wu ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Jian Xu ◽  
Jia Qi ◽  
Wei Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Photonic Integrated Circuits ◽  
Surface Patterning ◽  
Propagation Loss ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Laser Direct Writing ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Atomic Force

In this paper, we develop a technique for realizing multi-centimeter-long lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) waveguides with a propagation loss as low as 0.027 dB/cm. Our technique relies on patterning a chromium thin film coated on the top surface of LNOI into a hard mask with a femtosecond laser followed by chemo-mechanical polishing for structuring the LNOI into the waveguides. The surface roughness on the waveguides was determined with an atomic force microscope to be 0.452 nm. The approach is compatible with other surface patterning technologies, such as optical and electron beam lithographies or laser direct writing, enabling high-throughput manufacturing of large-scale LNOI-based photonic integrated circuits.

Online Evolution for a Self-Adapting Robotic Navigation System Using Evolvable Hardware

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Keymeulen ◽  
Masaya Iwata ◽  
Yasuo Kuniyoshi ◽  
Tetsuya Higuchi
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Real World ◽  
Artificial Life ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Evolvable Hardware ◽  
Robotic Navigation ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Colored Ball ◽  
Sheer Number

Great interest has been shown in the application of the principles of artificial life to physically embedded systems such as mobile robots, computer networks, home devices able continuously and autonomously to adapt their behavior to changes of the environments. At the same time researchers have been working on the development of evolvable hardware, and new integrated circuits that are able to adapt their hardware autonomously and in real time in a changing environment. This article describes the navigation task for a real mobile robot and its implementation on evolvable hardware. The robot must track a colored ball, while avoiding obstacles in an environment that is unknown and dynamic. Although a model-free evolution method is not feasible for real-world applications due to the sheer number of possible interactions with the environment, we show that a model-based evolution can reduce these interactions by two orders of magnitude, even when some of the robot's sensors are blinded, thus allowing us to apply evolutionary processes online to obtain a self-adaptive tracking system in the real world, when the implementation is accelerated by the utilization of evolvable hardware.

scholarly journals Ultra-smooth glassy graphene thin films for flexible transparent circuits

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. e1601574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Dai ◽  
Jiang Wu ◽  
Zhicheng Qian ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Jie Jian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
Flexible Substrates ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Laser Direct Writing ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Conductive Materials ◽  
Lattice Planes

Large-area graphene thin films are prized in flexible and transparent devices. We report on a type of glassy graphene that is in an intermediate state between glassy carbon and graphene and that has high crystallinity but curly lattice planes. A polymer-assisted approach is introduced to grow an ultra-smooth (roughness, <0.7 nm) glassy graphene thin film at the inch scale. Owing to the advantages inherited by the glassy graphene thin film from graphene and glassy carbon, the glassy graphene thin film exhibits conductivity, transparency, and flexibility comparable to those of graphene, as well as glassy carbon–like mechanical and chemical stability. Moreover, glassy graphene–based circuits are fabricated using a laser direct writing approach. The circuits are transferred to flexible substrates and are shown to perform reliably. The glassy graphene thin film should stimulate the application of flexible transparent conductive materials in integrated circuits.

Novel Method of Laser Direct Writing for Precise Patterning of Human Dermal Fibroblasts

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan R. Schiele ◽  
Douglas B. Chrisey ◽  
David T. Corr
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Growth Surface ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Direct Write ◽  
Human Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Laser Direct Writing ◽  
Patterning Technique ◽  
The Impact

The ability to control a cell’s location, pattern geometry, and proximity to neighboring cells, in vitro, is highly desired to gain insight into cell-cell interactions, such as the modes of cellular signaling (direct cell contact, paracrine, or endocrine). A laser-based cell patterning technique, laser direct write, enables the precise spatial placement of living cells, with all the advantages of CAD/CAM control [1]. However, this technique is limited in usefulness due to the dependence on Matrigel® (BD Biosciences, Bedford, MA). The growth factor constituents of Matrigel® may interfere with many cellular processes under investigation and may preclude or greatly limit the utility of laser direct writing for precise cell cultures [2]. Therefore, to address this limitation, the objective of this study was to develop a Matrigel®-free laser direct writing method. Through the use of customized gelatin coatings on both the ribbon and receiving substrate, we effectively adapted the direct write technique to precisely pattern cells without the use of Matrigel®, as demonstrated with human dermal fibroblasts. The gelatin partially encapsulates the trypsinized cells on the ribbon, providing a volitization zone to protect the cells, and on the receiving substrate cushions the impact of transfer while maintaining moisture. Gelatin liquefies at 37°C, which allows it to be removed from the growth surface ensuring cellular proliferation, uninhibited by growth surface treatments. This represents a fundamental change from the original direct write technique in which cells must first form initial attachments to the ribbon via Matrigel® and then are written to a Matrigel® coated receiving substrate for their sustained growth. Additionally, we have developed a method to monitor the location of the patterned cells post-transfer to show that a gelatin coated-receiving substrate is effective as a patterning surface and ensures the registry of the pattern until cell attachment, even after the gelatin has been removed with the first growth medium application. This precise patterning technique can now be used in many biomedical applications, including those that involve cell types highly sensitive to growth factors, such as stem cells and cancer cells.

scholarly journals Low-Loss Lithium Niobate on Insulator (LNOI) Waveguides of a 10 cm-Length and a Sub-Nanometer Surface Roughness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongbo Wu ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Jian Xu ◽  
Jia Qi ◽  
Wei Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Photonic Integrated Circuits ◽  
Propagation Loss ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Laser Direct Writing ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Atomic Force

We develop a technique for realizing lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) waveguides of a multi-centimeter-length with a propagation loss as low as 0.027 dB/cm. Our technique relies on patterning a chromium (Cr) thin film coated on the top surface of LNOI into a hard mask with a femtosecond laser followed by the chemo-mechanical polishing for structuring the LNOI into the waveguides. The surface roughness on the waveguides is determined to be 0.452 nm with an atomic force microscope (AFM). The approach is compatible with other surface patterning technologies such as optical and electron beam lithographies or laser direct writing, enabling high-throughput manufacturing of large-scale LNOI-based photonic integrated circuits.

scholarly journals Laser Direct Writing of Hydrous Ruthenium Dioxide Micro-Pseudocapacitors

2001 ◽  
Vol 698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig B. Arnold ◽  
Ryan C. Wartena ◽  
Bhanu Pratap ◽  
Karen E. Swider-Lyons ◽  
Alberto Piqué
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Laser Evaporation ◽  
Ruthenium Dioxide ◽  
Direct Write ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Laser Direct Writing ◽  
Forward Transfer ◽  
Discharge Behavior

ABSTRACTWe are using a laser engineering approach to develop and optimize hydrous ruthenium dioxide (RuOxHy or RuO2·0.5 H2O) pseudocapacitors. We employ a novel laser forward transfer process, Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation Direct Write (MAPLE-DW), in combination with UV laser machining, to fabricate mesoscale pseudocapacitors and microbatteries under ambient temperature and atmospheric conditions. Thin films with the desired high surface area morphology are obtained without compromising their electrochemical performance. The highest capacitance structures are achieved by depositing mixtures of sulfuric acid with the RuO2·0.5 H2O electrode material. Our pseudocapacitors exhibit linear discharge behavior and their properties scale proportionately when assembled in parallel and series configurations.

Supplemental multilevel interconnects by laser direct writing: Application to GaAs digital integrated circuits

1987 ◽  
Vol 50 (15) ◽  
pp. 1016-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry G. Black ◽  
Scott P. Doran ◽  
Mordechai Rothschild ◽  
Daniel J. Ehrlich
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Laser Direct Writing ◽  
Digital Integrated Circuits
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