Reliability and Lifing Methodologies for Microelectronic Systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Reifsnider
Keyword(s):  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Composite Systems ◽  
Technology Roadmap ◽  
Mechanical Models ◽  
Chemical Conditions

ABSTRACTIntegration of core electronic functions is progressing at a remarkable rate. The high-end computers that we are using now may be available on a single die by the turn of the century. The effect of this, and other advances on semiconductor assembly and packaging has generated the need for integrated component-level electrical thermal, and mechanical models and simulation methods, as described in the Semiconductor Industry Association national Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors. Although corporate and university research and development in the semiconductor area is intense (there are eight major university-based packaging centers around the world, for example), design/development methodologies that consider the combined and interactive effects of mechanical, thermal and chemical conditions on the reliability and durability of integrated components have been slow to develop. However, such methodologies have been developed for applications of complex composite systems in various other technologies where the operating conditions are similar. The present paper will discuss those developments and the possibility of applying that technology to microelectronic systems.

Study on Characteristics of the Linear Air-Conditioner Compressor at Varied Operating Conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 201-203 ◽  
pp. 632-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Fei Xie ◽  
Xin Hua Li ◽  
Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Application ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Runge Kutta Method ◽  
Moving Body ◽  
Cylinder Piston ◽  
Compressor Performance ◽  
Intake Pressure

This paper mainly introduces a novel linear air conditioner compressor which is driven by the linear oscillatory motor with two divided moving body, of which the Cylinder-piston assembly presents symmetrical distribution along the axial direction. The compressor dynamics equations were built and solved numerically with the fourth order Runge-Kutta method. in the meantime, this paper emphatically analyzes the influence of those factors, such as the intake pressure, the exhaust pressure, the suction gas superheat, the cooling degree, on the compressor performance at varied operating conditions. These works shows that improving the suction gas pressure and reducing the exhuast pressure can help to increase the refrigeration capacity and energy efficiency ratio of the air conditioner compressor. Those analysis results provide theory foundation for design,development, and engineering application of this linear air-conditioner compressor.

Future Vehicular Recuperator Technology Projections

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Wilson ◽  
Daniel B. Kupratis ◽  
Satyanarayana Kodali
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Technology Roadmap ◽  
Vehicle Propulsion

The Department of Defense and NASA have funded a major gas turbine development program, Integrated High Performance Turbine Engine Technology (IHPTET), to double the power density and fuel economy of gas turbines by the turn of the century. Seven major US gas turbine developers participated in this program. While the focus of IHPTET activity has been aircraft propulsion, the same underlying technology can be applied to water craft and terrestrial vehicle propulsion applications, such as the future main battle tank. For these applications, the gas turbines must be equipped with recuperators. Currently, there is no technology roadmap or set of goals to guide industry and government in the development of a next generation recuperator for such applications.

scholarly journals Technology Roadmap for Eco-Friendly Building Materials Industry

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunsook Shim ◽  
Taeyeon Kim ◽  
Gyunghyun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Function Deployment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Technology Roadmap ◽  
Save Energy

As quality of life has improved, the need for high-performance building materials that meet specific technological requirements has increased. Residential environments have also changed owing to climate change. A technology roadmap could define and systematically reflect a timeline for the development of future core technologies. The purpose of this research is to build a technology roadmap that could be utilized for the development of technology in the eco-friendly building material industry. This research is composed of multiple analysis processes—patent analysis, Delphi, and analytic hierarchy process analysis—that minimize the uncertainty caused by the lack of information in the eco-friendly construction industry by securing objective future forecast data. Subsequently, the quality function deployment test is implemented to verify the feasibility of the technology roadmap that is constructed. The design of various types of functional, low-carbon building materials could reduce carbon emissions and save energy by ensuring a hazardous-material-free market in the future. This design development roadmap is required to complement this technology roadmap.

Preliminary Design of Variable Nozzle Turbines Based on Sensitive Parameters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Wittwer ◽  
Ivo Sandor
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Functional Parameters ◽  
Predictive Quality ◽  
Recent Developments

Abstract Recent developments in turbocharged gasoline engines have established new requirements for the turbine. A simple approach of scaling or optimizing existing turbines on component level might not be sufficient in terms of finding an optimal solution according to the multi-point, multi-disciplinary layout target. In the following paper nondimensional functional parameters are derived from turbomachinery analytics and rated on corresponding values of existing turbine stages. The influence of different parameters on aerodynamic performance is discussed based on CFD results and arranged according to their sensitivity for different engine relevant operating conditions. A metamodel for the preliminary design of variable nozzle turbine stages is derived from DoE (Design of Experiments) based CFD results. It is evaluated regarding its predictive quality on several exemplary turbine stages. Both, CFD and experimental results are therefore used while the experimental results are made up of hot gas stand measurements as well as measurements on engine test bench. Thus, not only the influence of functional parameters can be verified on turbine efficiency characteristics, but beyond that also the predictive quality of engine performance can be assessed.

scholarly journals Removal of COD and SO42− from Oil Refinery Wastewater Using a Photo-Catalytic System—Comparing TiO2 and Zeolite Efficiencies

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel K. Tetteh ◽  
Elorm Obotey Ezugbe ◽  
Sudesh Rathilal ◽  
Dennis Asante-Sackey
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Catalytic System ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Mixing Rate ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Oil Refinery Wastewater

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have many prospects in water and wastewater treatment. In recent years, AOPs are gaining attention as having potentials for the removal of different ranges of contaminants from industrial wastewater towards water reclamation. In this study, the treatability efficiencies of two photo-catalysts (TiO2 and zeolite) were compared on the basis of the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and SO42− from oil refinery wastewater (ORW) using photo-catalytic system. The effects of three operating parameters: catalyst dosage (0.5–1.5 g/L), reaction time (15–45 min), mixing rate (30–90 rpm) and their interactive effects on the removal of the aforementioned contaminants were studied using the Box–Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM). Statistical models were developed and used to optimize the operating conditions. An 18 W UV light was incident on the system to excite the catalysts to trigger a reaction that led to the degradation and subsequent removal of contaminants. The results obtained showed that for almost the same desirability (92% for zeolite and 91% for TiO2), TiO2 exhibited more efficiency in terms of mixing rate and reaction time requirements. At the 95% confidence level, the model’s predicted results were in good agreement with experimental data obtained.

scholarly journals Lithography for enabling advances in integrated circuits and devices

2012 ◽  
Vol 370 (1973) ◽  
pp. 4015-4041 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Michael Garner
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Pattern Transfer ◽  
Time Pattern ◽  
Technology Roadmap ◽  
The Future

Because the transistor was fabricated in volume, lithography has enabled the increase in density of devices and integrated circuits. With the invention of the integrated circuit, lithography enabled the integration of higher densities of field-effect transistors through evolutionary applications of optical lithography. In 1994, the semiconductor industry determined that continuing the increase in density transistors was increasingly difficult and required coordinated development of lithography and process capabilities. It established the US National Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors and this was expanded in 1999 to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors to align multiple industries to provide the complex capabilities to continue increasing the density of integrated circuits to nanometre scales. Since the 1960s, lithography has become increasingly complex with the evolution from contact printers, to steppers, pattern reduction technology at i-line, 248 nm and 193 nm wavelengths, which required dramatic improvements of mask-making technology, photolithography printing and alignment capabilities and photoresist capabilities. At the same time, pattern transfer has evolved from wet etching of features, to plasma etch and more complex etching capabilities to fabricate features that are currently 32 nm in high-volume production. To continue increasing the density of devices and interconnects, new pattern transfer technologies will be needed with options for the future including extreme ultraviolet lithography, imprint technology and directed self-assembly. While complementary metal oxide semiconductors will continue to be extended for many years, these advanced pattern transfer technologies may enable development of novel memory and logic technologies based on different physical phenomena in the future to enhance and extend information processing.

Application of Miniaturized Experiments for Constitutive Modeling of Creep Relaxation of a Novel Textured Gasket Product

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali P. Gordon ◽  
John Albury ◽  
Matthew Lopez ◽  
Evren Tasci ◽  
Zachary Poust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constitutive Modeling ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Operating Environments ◽  
Test Platform ◽  
Viscoelastic Constitutive Model

The material attributes that are fundamental for developing a candidate textured, ceramic-filled PTFE gasket, such as texture style/dimensions, filler material, thickness and so on, create a set of potential combinations that are not practical to experimentally characterize at the component-level one-by-one. Optimizing gasket performance, however, is essential to the operation of bolted connections associated with pressurized vessels that transfer media from one location to another. Gaskets are essential for these systems since they confer high levels of leak mitigation across a range of operating environments. A balance of both compressibility and sealability must be displayed in an optimal candidate gasket to be subjected to aggressive operating conditions. A novel textured PTFE material (termed textured) characterized using a miniaturized test platform. This new-to-market viscoelastic material features a dual-face, raised honeycomb pattern. Experiments on both flat (termed Flat) and textured are used to identify viscoelastic constitutive model constants associated with Burger theories. Considering that the test platform contains an elastic bolt that is tightened to a prescribe torque level, the gasket is subjected to creep relaxation. Test results on the small samples contribute to constitutive modeling. The influence of parameters such as filler material selection, torque level, dwell period, etc. are presented.

The Measurement of Component Friction Losses in a Fired Engine: Part 2 — Experimental Results

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riaz A. Mufti ◽  
Martin Priest
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Component Design ◽  
Engine Part ◽  
Actual Use

Bench testing can provide rapid and cost effective information for developing new lubricants. But there is general agreement that the only satisfactory means of evaluating the behaviour of engine oil is by actual use in engine. Also for detailed analysis of the tribological interaction it is important to analyse the engine performance at the component level. With the help of advance data acquisition system and sensor technology, experimental measurement of friction losses at the component level have been measured at realistic engine operating conditions, using the technique explained in Part 1. This paper describes the outcome of the experimental results at a range of engine operating conditions using mainly SAE 0W20 lubricant and some results from a friction-modified SAE 5W30 lubricant. The results clearly show considerable changes in the percentage contribution of power loss between low and high lubricant temperatures. The change in mode of lubricating regime from boundary to fluid film lubrication can be seen at the component level with increase in engine speed and decrease in lubricant temperature. This system can be used as a powerful tool for screening engine oils, analysing component design, validating friction models and studying the effect of different additives on the performance of each component under realistic operating conditions.

scholarly journals Closed Adsorption Heat Storage—A Life Cycle Assessment on Material and Component Levels

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Nienborg ◽  
Tobias Helling ◽  
Dominik Fröhlich ◽  
Rafael Horn ◽  
Gunther Munz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Assessment Criterion ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
Relative Storage Capacity ◽  
Auxiliary Material ◽  
And Performance

Closed adsorption storages have been investigated in several projects for heat storage in building applications with focus on energy density and performance. This study complements this research with the assessment of the environmental impacts over the life cycle. Global warming potential (GWP) was chosen as the assessment criterion. Selected sorption materials in combination with water as the refrigerant were analyzed first by themselves and then embedded in a generic storage configuration. Sensible storage in water served as the reference benchmark. Results on material and component level showed that the relative storage capacity compared to water under realistic operating conditions reached values of below 4 and 2.5, respectively, in the best cases. Since the effort for producing the sorbents as well as the auxiliary material demand for assembling storage components was significantly higher than in the reference case, the specific environmental impact per storage capacity also turned out to be ~2.5 to ~100 times higher. We therefore suggest focusing sorption storage research on applications that (a) maximize the utilization of the uptake of sorbents, (b) do not compete with water storages, and (c) require minimal auxiliary parts.

Computational Evaluation of Low NOx Operating Conditions in Arch-Fired Boilers

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Fueyo ◽  
V. Gambo´n ◽  
C. Dopazo ◽  
J. F. Gonza´lez
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Local Concentration ◽  
Nox Formation ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Computational Evaluation ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Coal Boiler

In the present paper, a computational model is used to simulate the aero-dynamic, thermal, and chemical conditions inside an arch-fired coal boiler. The model is based on the Eulerian-Eulerian concept, in which Eulerian conservation equations are solved both for the gas and the particulate phases. A NOx formation and destruction submodel is used to calculate the local concentration of NO. The model is used to simulate a range of operating conditions in an actual, 350 MW, arch-fired boiler, with the aim of reducing, using primary measures, the emissions of NOx. The model results shed some light on the relevant NOx-formation mechanisms under the several operating conditions. Furthermore, they correlate well quantitatively with the available field measurements at the plant, and reproduce satisfactorily the tendencies observed under the different operating modes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document