Effect of Boron on Diffusion Barrier Characteristics of Pecvd W-B-N Films

1998 ◽  
Vol 514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Joon Kim ◽  
Yong Tae Kim ◽  
Jong-Wan Park
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Amorphous State ◽  
Annealing Process ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Flow Ratio ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Barrier Performance ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACTThe effects of B and N addition on the phase transition and barrier performance of the plasma deposited W-B-N films are investigated. The W-B-N films have chemical compositions in the range from W67N33 to W38B42N20 corresponding to the flow ratio of B10H14/NH3. Among the films of various compositions of B and N, W46B25N29 film shows excellent thermal stability against the Cu diffusion because the W46B25N29 film keeps the amorphous state even after the annealing at 800°C for 30 min. Resonance backscattering and x-ray photoemission spectra for B and N atoms before and after the annealing process indicate that the amorphous state is retained due to the formation of the B-N bonds.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Novel Arginine-Based Flame Retardant and Its Application in Lyocell Fabric

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3588
Author(s):  
Jiayi Chen ◽  
Yansong Liu ◽  
Jiayue Zhang ◽  
Yuanlin Ren ◽  
Xiaohui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test ◽  
Before And After

Lyocell fabrics are widely applied in textiles, however, its high flammability increases the risk of fire. Therefore, to resolve the issue, a novel biomass-based flame retardant with phosphorus and nitrogen elements was designed and synthesized by the reaction of arginine with phosphoric acid and urea. It was then grafted onto the lyocell fabric by a dip-dry-cure technique to prepare durable flame-retardant lyocell fabric (FR-lyocell). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis demonstrated that the flame retardant was successfully introduced into the lyocell sample. Thermogravimetric (TG) and Raman analyses confirmed that the modified lyocell fabric featured excellent thermal stability and significantly increased char residue. Vertical combustion results indicated that FR-lyocell before and after washing formed a complete and dense char layer. Thermogravimetric Fourier-transform infrared (TG-FTIR) analysis suggested that incombustible substances (such as H2O and CO2) were produced and played a significant fire retarding role in the gas phase. The cone calorimeter test corroborated that the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) declined by 89.4% and 56.4%, respectively. These results indicated that the flame retardancy of the lyocell fabric was observably ameliorated.

scholarly journals Influence of Al on Evolution of the Inclusions in Ti-Bearing Steel with Ca Treatment

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yandong Li ◽  
Tongsheng Zhang ◽  
Huamei Duan
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Calcium Treatment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inclusion Formation ◽  
Liquid Phases ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Equilibrium Calculations ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Thermodynamic Equilibrium Calculations

Experimental simulations of steelmaking with different amounts of aluminum were achieved in the tube furnace at 1873 K and field scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FE-SEM and EDX) were employed to explore the characteristics of the inclusions in Ti-bearing steel during the calcium treatment process. It was found that morphologies, chemical compositions, and the size distribution of the inclusions were obviously different before and after calcium treatment. The calcium addition need be carefully considered regarding the mass fraction of aluminum with the purpose of modifying the solid inclusions to liquid phases. The thermodynamic analysis of inclusion formation in the Al–Ti–Ca–O system at 1873 K was conducted, as well as transformation behaviors of inclusions including all types of solid inclusions and liquid phases during solidification. The thermodynamic equilibrium calculations are in good agreement with experimental data, which can be used to estimate inclusion formation in Ti-bearing steel.

Effect of Post-Deposition Annealing on some Optical Properties of Thermally-Evaporated V2O5 Thin Film

2012 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
S.A. Aly
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Amorphous State ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Post Deposition Annealing ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spectral Behaviour ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Reflectance Measurements ◽  
Post Deposition

A Vanadium Pentoxide Sample with a Film Thickness of 75 Nm Has Been Thermally Evaporated on Unheated Glass Substrate Using V2O5High Purity Powder. the Sample Was Subjected to a Subsequent Post-Deposition Annealing in Air at Different Temperatures for a Period of One Hour. the Optical Properties Were Studied by Transmittance and Reflectance Measurements. the Integrated Visible ,TVis, and Solar, TSol, Transmittance Were Calculated. the Spectral Behaviour of the Refractive Index as Well as the Absorption Coefficient before and after Post-Deposition Heat-Treatment Was Also Reported. X-Ray Diffraction Confirmed that the Film in the as-Deposited as Well as after Annealing up to 400 °C Is in the Amorphous State.

Influence of Homogenizing Annealing Process on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of as-Cast Mg-Gd-Y-Zr Magnesium Alloy

2010 ◽  
Vol 34-35 ◽  
pp. 1578-1582
Author(s):  
Li Jun Dong ◽  
Quan Yi Yang ◽  
Xin Yu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Annealing Process ◽  
Dendritic Segregation ◽  
Main Role ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Homogenizing Annealing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Zr Alloy

The effects of homogenizing annealing process on the microstructures and properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr magnesium alloy were investigated and the fracture of specimens before and after homogenizing annealing was also analysized by optical microscopy，X-ray diffraction analysis etc．The results show that after homogenizing annealing，dendritic segregation is almost eliminated and the microstructures and properties of alloy are improved. The annealing temperature played a main role in homogenizing of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy. The optimal homogenizing annealing process is at 480°C for 8h．

scholarly journals Influence of Mercerization on Micro-structure and Properties of Kapok Blended Yarns with Different Blending Ratios

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 155892501100600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Liu ◽  
Fumei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cellulose I ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Kapok Fiber ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mercerization Treatment

To investigate the effect of mercerization on micro-structure and the properties of kapok/cotton blended yarns. FTIR spectra and x-ray diffraction (XRD) results, moisture regains and mechanical properties of blended yarns were compared before and after mercerization. The results show that mercerization treatment did not have an obvious effect on chemical compositions of cellulose, but did lead to decreasing on crystallinity of blended yarns, and transformed certain portion of cellulose I into cellulose II. When the NaOH concentration increased from 180g/L to 250 g/L, the strengths of blended yarns increased and elongations at breaking declined, and the extent of changes were lessened gradually with the increase of kapok fiber content, when the NaOH concentration further reached 280g/L, the strengths of blended yarns with high content of kapok fiber dropped dramatically, and elongations at breaking increased gradually, while hygroscopicities of blended yarns increased significantly. Different from cotton fiber, a more moderate alkali treatment condition should be chosen in mercerization process for kapok fiber.

Imaging of interstitial atoms in Ga1−xMnxAs layers by means of X-ray diffuse scattering

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloš Kopecký ◽  
Edoardo Busetto ◽  
Andrea Lausi ◽  
Zbyněk Šourek ◽  
Jiří Kub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Structure ◽  
Diffuse Scattering ◽  
Annealing Process ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Interstitial Atoms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pair Distribution Functions

The local atomic structure of a Ga1−xMnxAs (x= 0.07) layer during the annealing process was studied by means of X-ray diffuse scattering. The difference between the pair-distribution functions before and after annealing indicated the fraction of atoms that changed concentration and identified them to be exclusively interstitial atoms at the centres of gallium and/or arsenic tetrahedra in the GaMnAs unit cell.

Phase transition and thermal expansion coefficient of leucite ceramics with addition of SiO2

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1989-1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Paulo Wiff ◽  
Yoshiaki Kinemuchi ◽  
Shimako Naito ◽  
Ayako Uozumi ◽  
Koji Watari
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficient ◽  
Expansion Coefficient ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Linear Thermal Expansion ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After

In this work, the influence of SiO2 additions in leucite ceramics on the bulk linear thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) especially during the phase transition, has been studied. Thermal expansion and x-ray diffraction measurements at high temperatures were carried out to characterize the tetragonal-cubic phase transition. TEC for reference and SiO2-added leucite samples exhibited similar behavior as a function of temperature. Before and after the phase transition, the TEC values were similar to those observed in non-SiO2-added samples, whereas during the phase transition, a maximum TEC value was observed and it tends to decrease as the SiO2 addition increases. This behavior could be caused by the formation of an intermediate phase with an extremely high TEC (70 × 10–6 °C−1) during the phase transformation. Furthermore, the results suggest that as the intermediate phase is partially suppressed via SiO2 addition, the cubic phase can be partially stabilized at temperatures as low as 200 °C.

Detection and Characterization of Defects Induced by Ion Implantation/Annealing Process in SiC

2008 ◽  
Vol 600-603 ◽  
pp. 611-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Nagano ◽  
Hidekazu Tsuchida ◽  
Takuma Suzuki ◽  
Tetsuo Hatakeyama ◽  
Junji Senzaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Defect Formation ◽  
Annealing Process ◽  
Extended Defects ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Activation Annealing ◽  
Shallow Groove

Defect formation during the ion-implantation/annealing process in 4H-SiC epilayers is investigated by X-ray topography, KOH etching analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Nitrogen and phosphorus ions are implanted in the 4H-SiC epilayers and then activation annealing is performed at 1670 °C. Linearly arrayed or clustered extended defects are found to be formed during the implantation/annealing process by comparing X-ray topography images taken before and after the process. It is confirmed that the defect arrays are formed underneath a shallow groove on the surface and consist of a high density of basal-plane Shockley-type stacking faults.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Tribological and Tribochemical Interactions of Different Ferrous Layers Applied to Nitride Surfaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thawhid Khan ◽  
Yukio Tamura ◽  
Hiroshi Yamamoto ◽  
Ardian Morina ◽  
Anne Neville
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Micro Analysis

Abstract Nitriding is a widely used industrial process aiming to improve the tribological properties and performance of components. Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of the treatment with friction and wear performance, but very few have focused on the influence of different ferrous layers formed by variant nitriding treatments on tribological and tribochemical behavior. The influence of an oxide (Fe3O4) and sulfide (FeS) layer on friction and wear performance alongside tribochemical formation was investigated when using a fully formulated hydraulic lubricant. The tribological behavior of the variant nitride samples was analyzed using a tribometer and surface profiler. Scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, electron probe micro analysis (EPMA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to identify the morphologies and chemical compositions of the treated surface before and after testing. No real effect on friction or wear was observed with the presence of an oxide (Fe3O4) layer, even though the formation of FeS2 was observed within the tribofilm. However, the formation of a sulfide (FeS) layer after sulfur nitriding produced the lowest friction and wear in comparison to the alternative nitride variants. This was due to the lubrication properties of the FeS layer. The study effectively demonstrated that the type of the ferrous layer could impact tribological and tribochemical properties of nitride samples.

scholarly journals Spectroscopic studies of kaolin from different Brazilian regions

Clay Minerals ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Scorzelli ◽  
L. C. Bertolino ◽  
A. B. Luz ◽  
M. Duttine ◽  
F. A. N. G. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Fe Oxides ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mineralogical Phase

AbstractOver the past several decades, kaolin has been used intensively in the paper industry as a coating and filler material. These applications require kaolin of a high brightness grade, which depends heavily on the level of impurities (mainly Fe-bearing minerals such as Fe oxides and hydroxides) and may be improved by beneficiation processes involving grain-size classification, magnetic separation and chemical treatments. This investigation was carried out on five Brazilian kaolin samples of different geographical and geological origins. Granulometric, mineralogical, chemical and physical characterizations were performed on all samples before and after the beneficiation process.Chemical compositions were determined by X-ray fluorescence and the most important crystalline phases were identified using X-ray diffraction. Kaolinite is the dominant mineralogical phase with minor amounts of muscovite and quartz. The nature of Fe impurities was investigated by electron spin resonance and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. For all studied kaolin samples, Fe ions (Fe3+ and Fe2+) are present in variable amounts, in the kaolinite structure and also in Fe oxides (magnetite, hematite and goethite). The beneficiation procedure aims to remove these Fe oxides and was found to be most efficient for the Mogi das Cruzes kaolin. The Seridó kaolin had the best whiteness index observed among the analysed samples.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document