Diffusion Limited Wetting

1996 ◽  
Vol 464 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Steiner ◽  
J. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Polymer Mixture ◽  
Wetting Layer ◽  
Liquid Polymer ◽  
Binary Liquid ◽  
Diffusion Limited ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Interfacial Potential

ABSTRACTWe have measured the growth with time t of a wetting layer (of thickness l(t)) at the surface of a thin film of a binary liquid (polymer) mixture. Over a wide range of experimental parameters, our data is well described by a model of diffusion limited wetting which takes into account the finite film thickness. In this model, l(t) is a function of time which sensitively depends on the nature of the interfacial potential: a detailed comparison shows that long range van-der-Waals forces provide the main driving force for the build-up of the wetting layer.

QCD at Fixed Order: Processes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Campbell ◽  
Joey Huston ◽  
Frank Krauss
Keyword(s):  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Higgs Bosons ◽  
Final States ◽  
Collider Physics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Fixed Order ◽  
The Subject

At the core of any theoretical description of hadron collider physics is a fixed-order perturbative treatment of a hard scattering process. This chapter is devoted to a survey of fixed-order predictions for a wide range of Standard Model processes. These range from high cross-section processes such as jet production to much more elusive reactions, such as the production of Higgs bosons. Process by process, these sections illustrate how the techniques developed in Chapter 3 are applied to more complex final states and provide a summary of the fixed-order state-of-the-art. In each case, key theoretical predictions and ideas are identified that will be the subject of a detailed comparison with data in Chapters 8 and 9.

Particle dynamics within a wetting layer in a colloid-polymer mixture

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Voudouris ◽  
B. Loppinet ◽  
G. Petekidis
Keyword(s):  
Particle Dynamics ◽  
Polymer Mixture ◽  
Wetting Layer

EELS of Niobium and Stoichiometric Niobium-Oxide Phases—Part I: Plasmon and Near-Edges Fine Structure

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bach ◽  
Reinhard Schneider ◽  
Dagmar Gerthsen ◽  
Jo Verbeeck ◽  
Wilfried Sigle
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Electron Energy ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Primary Electron ◽  
White Line ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Oxide Phases ◽  
Energy Convergence ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

AbstractA comprehensive electron energy-loss spectroscopy study of niobium (Nb) and stable Nb-oxide phases (NbO, NbO2, Nb2O5) was carried out. In this work (Part I), the plasmons and energy-loss near-edge structures (ELNES) of all relevant Nb edges (Nb-N2,3, Nb-M4,5, Nb-M2,3, Nb-M1, and Nb-L2,3) up to energy losses of about 2600 eV and the O-K edge are analyzed with respect to achieving characteristic fingerprints of Nb in different formal oxidation states (0 for metallic Nb, +2 for NbO, +4 for NbO2, and +5 for Nb2O5). Chemical shifts of the Nb-N2,3, Nb-M4,5, Nb-M2,3, and Nb-L2,3 edges are extracted from the spectra that amount to about 4 eV as the oxidation state increases from 0 for Nb to +5 for Nb2O5. Four different microscopes, including a 200 keV ZEISS Libra with monochromator, were used. The corresponding wide range of experimental parameters with respect to the primary electron energy, convergence, and collection semi-angles as well as energy resolution allows an assessment of the influence of the experimental setup on the ELNES of the different edges. Finally, the intensity of the Nb-L2,3 white-line edges is correlated with niobium 4d-state occupancy in the different reference materials.

scholarly journals VARIATION IN THE FUNCTIONAL POWER OF HUMAN SWEAT GLANDS

1953 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent P. Dole ◽  
Jørn Hess Thaysen
Keyword(s):  
Average Power ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Proportionate Change ◽  
Special Paper ◽  
Reflex Stimulation

A method has been worked out for the measurement of the volume of sweat produced by individual glands. A special paper, impregnated with iodine, absorbs water in a uniform way and shows the area of wetting by a sharply defined blue dot. Indirect calibrations showed that 1 cm.3 of water would form a spot of 700 cm.2 area, and that this relation of volume to area was a constant one over a wide range. The actual volumes encountered in prints of the sweat glands were from 5 x 10–9 to 4 x 10–6 cm.3. The relative activity of glands at any instant of time can be expressed by the statistical distribution of log diameter of the dots on the print. This distribution, which might at first sight seem rather artificial, has the advantage of being unaffected by a proportionate change in the output of water from each gland. Thus it is independent of the duration of contact between print paper and skin, and of changes in the average flow from the field as a whole. It is sensitive only to changes in the activity of glands relative to each other. The methods of printing and statistical analysis were used to study the relative activity of glands in a field of 22 mm. diameter. Glands of the forearm and back were studied both under direct stimulation with mecholyl and under the reflex stimulation of environmental heat, similar results being obtained with the two kinds of stimuli. Glands of the abdomen and leg, stimulated with mecholyl, were studied in one experiment. Detailed comparison of the dots in consecutive prints showed that the large dots remained large and the small dots continued to be small. These persistent differences in the outflow of water from adjacent glands were interpreted as being due to differences in the functional power of the glands. Repeated prints of the glands during a period of 75 minutes, in which the sweat flow was declining, showed that the relative activity of the glands remained constant. This meant that the set of glands, although differing greatly in power, varied together as a functional unit. Different regions of the body show not only the variation of glandular power within each small area, but also marked differences in the average power of glands belonging to the different regions. Glands of the back, for instance, show a much greater outflow than glands of the forearm when stimulated equally with a local injection of mecholyl. Equal rates of outflow, therefore, do not mean equal states of functional activity, unless the regions being compared are of equal functional power.

Statistical significance across multiple optimization models for community partition

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (13) ◽  
pp. 1650187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Li ◽  
Hui-Jia Li ◽  
He-Jin Mao ◽  
Junhua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Network System ◽  
Significance Analysis ◽  
Statistical Framework ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
New Formula

The study of community structure is an important problem in a wide range of applications, which can help us understand the real network system deeply. However, due to the existence of random factors and error edges in real networks, how to measure the significance of community structure efficiently is a crucial question. In this paper, we present a novel statistical framework computing the significance of community structure across multiple optimization methods. Different from the universal approaches, we calculate the similarity between a given node and its leader and employ the distribution of link tightness to derive the significance score, instead of a direct comparison to a randomized model. Based on the distribution of community tightness, a new “[Formula: see text]-value” form significance measure is proposed for community structure analysis. Specially, the well-known approaches and their corresponding quality functions are unified to a novel general formulation, which facilitates in providing a detailed comparison across them. To determine the position of leaders and their corresponding followers, an efficient algorithm is proposed based on the spectral theory. Finally, we apply the significance analysis to some famous benchmark networks and the good performance verified the effectiveness and efficiency of our framework.

Growth of a wetting layer in a flowing binary-liquid mixture at bulk coexistence

1987 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 3975-3983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-lun Wu ◽  
Dean Ripple ◽  
Carl Franck
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Mixture ◽  
Binary Liquid Mixture ◽  
Wetting Layer ◽  
Binary Liquid

Efficient Super-Smooth Finishing Characteristics of SiC Materials through the Use of Fine-Grinding

2009 ◽  
Vol 404 ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kasuga ◽  
Hitoshi Ohmori ◽  
Wei Min Lin ◽  
Y. Watanabe ◽  
T. Mishima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fine Grinding ◽  
Elid Grinding ◽  
Grinding Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Experimental Parameters

Silicon carbide (SiC) materials have increasingly been needed in the wide range of industries, such as for structural components, automobile parts, space telescope, X-ray mirror, and next-generation semiconductors. However, SiC materials have difficulties in super-smooth finishing because of their hard and brittle characteristics. The authors have been investigating appropriate conditions on their finishing by fine-grinding with the unique grinding process called ELID (Electrolytic In-process Dressing) grinding method. The ELID grinding method has a stable grinding ability, so very detailed characteristics of their material-remove mechanisms were to be investigated. Surface analysis of each material has been discussed through the ELID, and this study proposes good finishing conditions for SiC. In this paper, the advantages of the applied fine-grinding are shown, and unique features on grinding characteristics of SiC through various grinding experimental parameters are described.

Human tactile pattern recognition: active versus passive touch, velocity effects, and patterns of confusion

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Vega-Bermudez ◽  
K. O. Johnson ◽  
S. S. Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Letter Recognition ◽  
Scanning Velocity ◽  
Percent Correct ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Passive Touch ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right

1. Subjects without any previous experience in a tactile psychophysics task participated in a study of tactile letter recognition employing active and passive touch. In the active task, subjects reached through a curtain and examined embossed letters with horizontal, unidirectional finger strokes. In the passive task, subjects sat with their arms and hands immobilized while a rotating drum stimulator pressed the embossed letters onto the right index finger. The stimulus conditions in the passive task were identical to those used in neurophysiological experiments with monkeys. 2. A survey of 40 naive subjects who were not screened in any way showed a wide range of performance levels. There was no difference between the subjects in the active and passive tasks, either in overall mean percent correct scores, which were 49.0 and 50.7%, respectively or in the percent correct scores for individual letters whose product-moment correlation coefficient was 0.94. The active and passive groups, which contained 25 and 15 members, respectively, had no members in common. 3. Videotapes of the finger movements of eight subjects in the active task showed a characteristic V-shaped velocity profile (velocity vs. lateral position) starting at approximately 100 mm/s at the left-hand edge of the plate containing the embossed letter, decelerating to a minimum when the center of the finger was directly over the letter, and then accelerating away from the letter. The average minimum scanning velocity was 17 mm/s. 4. Scanning velocity had no significant effect on performance in the passive task between 20 and 40 mm/s. An increase to 80 mm/s produced a 16% decline in percent correct identifications. 5. Learning effects were evident across sessions even though subjects were given no feedback or training. The increase in mean percent correct judgments averaged 4% per session, which lasted for approximately 1 h. 6. Data from 64 subjects were pooled for detailed comparison of identification patterns in active and passive touch. The results were analyzed and found to be consistent with the hypothesis that the identification and confusion probabilities are identical in the two modes. We conclude that there is no difference between active and passive touch in form recognition when the stimulus pattern is smaller than a finger pad. 7. Data from all experiments were pooled to produce a single confusion matrix with 324 presentations per letter. The majority of erroneous responses are grouped in a small number of confusion pairs and the majority of those confusion pairs are strongly asymmetric. The probable neural mechanisms of some confusion patterns are discussed.

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