Dried Blood Spot in Toxicology: Current Knowledge

Dried Blood Spot (DBS) is becoming very popular in various medical fields, especially in toxicology. Nowadays it is commonly used in newborn screening for inherited or congenital diseases. This paperwork is based on a review of available literature. DBS is simple and rapid, it does not require trained medical staff to collect the samples. Specimens can be easily and safely transported to the laboratory. DBS provides an opportunity for roadside testing and rather quick results. Venous blood spot, collected from a finger or a heel, is put on the special paper card, which can result in a different distribution of blood and concentration of detecting substances. Marking multiple substances from one spot is extremely challenging, but due to further advancements in this area, it is only a matter of time until it becomes possible and all the disadvantages vanish. DBS is certain to develop and become even more worldwide used.

Dedication of Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution VI to Álvaro Penteado Crósta

ABSTRACT This paper does not have an abstract. Originally, Álvaro Penteado Crósta (born on 7 August 1954) intended to be one of the volume editors of this GSA Special Paper. He was also looking forward to participating in the Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution VI conference in October 2019, for which he had long served on the organizing committee. Unfortunately, a long and serious illness derailed both these plans. Therefore, we are instead honoring our dear friend and valued colleague, Álvaro Crósta, for his longstanding and successful impact cratering work, as the mainstay of impact cratering studies in Brazil and indeed in South America, by dedicating this Special Paper to him. Álvaro Crósta has been a Full Professor (Professor Titular) of Geoscience in the fields of remote sensing, mineral exploration, and planetary geology at the Instituto de Geociências of the Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) in Brazil. He has had a highly distinguished academic career, culminating in his tenure (2012–2017) as vice-rector of his university. In 2017, Álvaro was inducted as a Full Member (Membro Titular) into the Academia Brasileira de Ciências...

BANKNOTES OF UKRAINE WITH MANUFACTURER’S DEFECTS AND PECULIARITIES OF ITS FORENSIC RESEARCH

The article briefly describes the history of the emergence and development of paper money in Ukraine, special attention is paid to the period of independence of our state. In less than 30 years, the National Bank of Ukraine has issued four generations of banknotes. As of January 01, 2021, there were about 3 billion banknotes in circulation. Among the circulated banknotes, there are also those that differ slightly from the banknotes presented by the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU). Based on the Resolution of the Board of the National Bank of Ukraine dated 03.12.2018 No. 134 (as amended) “Rules for determining payment characteristics and exchange of banknotes, exchange and circulating coins of the national currency of Ukraine”, the concepts of “banknotes with manufacturer defects” and “banknote defects” are disclosed. The article describes the technological process of making paper money. At the first stage, sheets of special paper are made in the banknote paper factory. Further, these sheets are sent to the NBU Banknote Factory, where all the images are applied on the sheets and cutting is carried out. The authors propose to systematize the types of defects in accordance with the stage of the technological process of manufacturing banknotes, at which these defects could arise. It is also proposed to distinguish four such stages: in the process of manufacturing banknote paper; at the stage of applying images on the front and back sides of sheets using forms of offset and gravure printing; when applying serial numbers; when cutting sheets into separate banknotes. The list of possible types of defects that may arise at one stage or another of the production process is given quite fully, some of them are illustrated for clarity, and variants of defects that are found in banknotes of different generations are analyzed. Based on the study of the problem, the authors propose an algorithm for researching such banknotes, offer options for intermediate and final expert conclusions.

Próba utworzenia katedry historii Bizancjum na Uniwersytecie Jana Kazimierza we Lwowie. Przyczynek do dziejów bizantynistyki w Polsce

This text discusses the attempts to create a chair of history of Byzantium at the Jan Kazimierz University in Lwów (today Lviv in Ukraine), in late 1933. After the end of the First World War, no chairs of Byzantine history existed at the universities in Poland. However, when Kazimierz Zakrzewski, a young scholar and expert on the history of late antiquity and Byzantium, came to Lwów, the idea to establish such a chair at the local university was conceived. Professor Edmund Bulanda drafted a special paper in which he justified the need to create a chair of Byzantine history at the Jan Kazimierz University in Lwów. The Council of the Faculty of the Humanities decided to apply to the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Education, with a request to have such a department created. Unfortunately, central authorities responded in the negative. Two years later, however, a chair of Byzantine history was created at the University in Warsaw and it was assumed by the very same Kazimierz Zakrzewski. In Lwów (from 1945 officially Lviv) itself, the chair of Byzantine studies was created at the beginning of the 21st century, in the realities of the new Ukrainian state.

Aspects Of Legal Regulation Of Electronic Document And Electronic Document Circulation In Business

This article discusses the provisions of the current legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Uzbekistan, regulating the field of electronic document management. The article considered the regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Uzbekistan, regulating the issues of drawing up an electronic document and implementing electronic document management, such as: the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On electronic documents and electronic digital signature" dated January 7, 2003; The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Electronic Document Management"; Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Informatization" dated November 24, 2015 No. 418; Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On informatization" dated December 11, 2003 No. 560; Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 26, 2016 No. 11"On payments and payment systems"; Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated November 1, 2019 No. 578 "On payments and payment systems". When considering the issue of drawing up an electronic document in electronic document management systems, it is clear that the issue of certifying an electronic document with a seal in the necessary cases has not been settled. For a document to be considered signed and certified with a seal, it is necessary that such a signature and seal be included in the electronic document. Today there is a formal obstacle to the electronic document flow of documents, the creation of which is carried out on special paper forms with coats of arms or emblems. This requirement applies to certain types of statutory, financial documents, notarized documents, etc. In connection with the widespread use of information communications, the problem of information security, the existing systems for storing, transferring and processing information, becomes very important for society. Currently, the prevailing epidemiological situation in the country and in the world has significantly accelerated the exchange of data in electronic form in all spheres of society. Almost all activities of the society have switched to the electronic format of information exchange, including entrepreneurship. We hope that in the Republic of Kazakhstan and in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the development of the digital economy model will have a productive effect on the development of entrepreneurship and help overcome the problems existing in business.

Little Known Russian Church Wooden Sculpture Works of 18th-19th Centuries

Во время экспедиций по программе Свода памятников выявляется довольно много церковной скульптуры. Однако деревянная пластика рассеяна по разным томам Свода, а краткие тексты и отсутствие достаточного числа фотографий не позволяют судить о характере найденных произведений. В сложившихся условиях возрастает необходимость отдельной статьи, специально посвящённой неизвестным ранее скульптурам. Основная часть произведений, приведённых в статье, находится в храмах Владимирской, Рязанской, Тверской и Калужской областей. Практически все они впервые вводятся в научный оборот. Изучение данной скульптуры расширяет представление о развитии не только церковного, но всего отечественного искусства Нового времени. Публикуемые памятники отражают разнообразные стилистические направления, технические и художественные приёмы мастеров Центральной России, несмотря на общность процессов искусства в России того времени. Одной из основных задач публикации стало стремление внести ясность в многообразие направлений регионального искусства, что может способствовать более точной атрибуции. Среди богатства направлений условно выделяются несколько основных, зачастую связанных между собой и пронизанных древнерусскими реминисценциями, - тяготеющее к примитиву, барочное и классицистическое. В статье приводятся шесть Распятий и три Усекновенные главы Иоанна Предтечи, каждая из которых по-своему уникальна и заслуживает отдельного исследования в будущем. Знакомство с данными памятниками русского резного искусства даёт возможность провести параллели с широко известными произведениями. In the course of the expeditions undertaken within the Code of monuments project many works of church sculpture were revealed. However, the plastic arts pieces are dispersed over the different volumes of the Code, moreover, the short descriptive texts and the lack of sufficient number of photographs do not allow us to properly estimate the significance of the works found. This situation necessitates a special paper devoted to the previously unknown sculptures to be prepared. The main part of the works described in the paper is from the churches of Vladimir, Ryazan, Tver and Kaluga regions. Practically all of them are introduced for scientific use for the first time. The study of the sculptures broadens our knowledge about the development not only of the church art but of the whole Russian art of New time. The monuments being published reflect different stylistic trends, the technical and artistic devices of the Central Russia masters despite the common character of the artistic processes in Russia of that time. One of the major tasks of the publication is striving to put in order the regional art trends diversity that is to provide for the more exact attribution. Within the wealth of stylistic trends it is possible to conditionally distinguish several basic ones - those next to primitivism, in baroque and classicistic - often closely associated with each other and all permeated with the Old Russian reminiscences. There are six Crucifixions and three Heads of St. John the Forerunner described in the paper each of which is unique in its own way and deserves a separate study in future. Getting to know the introduced monuments of the Russian carved arts makes it possible to draw a parallel between them and well-known works of art.

Training effect on performance of mediolateral episiotomies for obstetricians and midwives

Background: Simulation as an extensive used method for obstetric education is usually practiced for beginners, here we offered a course with simulated practice of performing a mediolateral episiotomy (MLE) for obstetricians and midwives in different seniority, and to evaluate the training effect on their knowledge and accuracy of cutting a MLE before and after the course.Methods: 82 participants were recruited at three different obstetric centers, included 35 obstetricians and 47 midwives. More than 5 years obstetric work in their careers were deemed to senior ones, and there were 29 junior and 53 senior ones. A 30 minutes training course were given to all participants by one senior obstetrician. Special paper pads simulating perineum at crowning were used to cut MLE before and after the course, and a questionnaire about their occupation characteristics was given before the course. Three parameters of the MLE were analyzed and compared. Results: On performing MLE, midwives had more training history and conducted cases than obstetricians (p < 0.01). After the course, the mean values of three parameters were significantly increased from 31.46 mm in length, 48 degrees in angle and 9.09 mm in distance to 34.29 mm, 50.622 degrees and 10.82 mm respectively. In subgroups, obstetricians had angle degrees increased significantly (p =0.022), while midwives had the length and distance increased significantly (p=0.001, p=0.004). Senior participants had the length and distance of incisions increased significantly (P=0.008, P=0.020), the accuracy of these two parameters also improved significantly (P=0.002, P=0.034). In subgroups of midwives and seniors, the accuracy of the length and distance also improved significantly after the course.Conclusions: Obstetricians need more professional training about midwifery including episiotomy. Simulated training of this mode is suitable for obstetric education like performing MLE. The absence of senior obstetricians and midwives should be avoided in such medical education.

Riding populist storms: Brexit, Trumpism and beyond, Special Paper Series Editorial

In this editorial, we aim to introduce the diverse set of 21 papers we have curated over the past 2 years, to review their collective contribution to the knowledge base in critical management and organisation studies, and to reflect on how they add to and challenge existing debates within our field. These papers speak about populism in a wide range of voices from multiple perspectives. The geographical reach is wide, with populism discussed in relation to the contexts of India, Latin America, France, the United Kingdom and the United States by authors working in the latter three countries as well as Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, Finland, New Zealand, Pakistan, Sweden and the Netherlands. The papers cross disciplinary and theoretical boundaries, drawing on political science, history, sociology, psychoanalysis and philosophy. Methodolotgical approaches include ethnography, historical narrative, discursive approaches and autoethnography. As such, these papers raise important questions and offer perspectives and ways forward that are in urgent need of attention and discussion by critical management and organisation studies communities, challenging readers’ understandings of populism at macro, meso and micro levels of analysis. Here we tie the whole series together by highlighting emergent themes and identifying future research directions that these papers have opened up.

Training effect on performance of mediolateral episiotomies for obstetricians and midwifes

BackgroundTo evaluate the training effect among variant practitioners, accompany with their knowledge and accuracy of cutting a mediolateral episiotomy (MLE) before and after the training.Methods 82 participants were recruited at three different obstetric centers, included 35 obstetricians and 47 midwives. A 30 minutes training course were given to all participants by one senior obstetrician. Special paper pads simulating perineum at crowning were used to cut a MLE before and after the course, and a questionnaire about their occupation characteristics was given before the course. Parameters of the MLE were analyzed and compared between some subgroups before and after the course.Results After the course, the mean values of three parameters were significantly increased from 3.146 cm in length, 48 degrees in angle and 0.909 cm in distance to 3.429cm, 50.622degrees and 1.082cm respectively. And doctors had increased angle degrees significantly (P=0.022), while midwives had increased the length and distance significantly (p=0.001and p=0.004). Only senior participants had increased the length and distance of incisions significantly (P=0.010, P=0.020), the accuracy of these two parameters also improved significantly (P=0.020, P=0.031). In subgroups of midwives and seniors, the accuracy of the length and distance also showed significantly increased after the course.Conclusions Training course can improve the knowledge of MLE. The angle, length and distance of incisions all increased and the accuracy of the length and distance significantly improved after course, and the senior participants profited more from the training course.