Rapid Thermal Anneal and Furnace Anneal of Silicon and Beryimlum Implanted Gallium Arsenide

1985 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.T. Yuen ◽  
S.I. Long ◽  
J.L. Merz
Keyword(s):  
Gallium Arsenide ◽  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
Rapid Thermal Annealing ◽  
Electrical Activation ◽  
Donor Concentration ◽  
Rapid Thermal Anneal ◽  
Furnace Annealing ◽  
Hall Measurements ◽  
P Type

ABSTRACTA comparison has been made between rapid thermal annealing (RTA) and furnace annealing (FA) of implanted GaAs. Hall measurements showed consistently higher electrical activation of n-type (Si-5E12 cm −2) implants with FA and higher electrical activation of p-type (Be-1E14 cm −2) implants with RTA. Photoluminescence (PL) revealed that for RTA temperatures above 950°C some of the Si was going onto As, acceptor sites, thus reducing the net donor concentration. PL for RTA below 950°C showed signs of incomplete recrystallization. By a technique of “dual implantation” of As and Si into GaAs we were able to force the Si onto Ga-sites resulting in a higher donor concentration after RTA.

Correlation of Rutherford Backscattering and Electrical Measurements on Si Implanted InP Following Rapid Thermal and Furnace Annealing

1985 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bahir ◽  
J.L. Merz ◽  
J.R. Abelson ◽  
T.W. Sigmon
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
Rapid Thermal Annealing ◽  
Structural Disorder ◽  
Electrical Activation ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Furnace Annealing ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Ion Channeling ◽  
Structural And Electrical Properties ◽  
Substrate Temperatures

ABSTRACTWe report on the structural and electrical properties of (100) InP resulting from the implantation of 180 keV Si+ and subsequent annealing. The radiation damage produced by implantation at substrate temperatures from 77 to 480 K is evaluated using MeV He ion channeling. Varying degrees of recrystallization are found depending on the implant temperature and choice of furnace vs. rapid thermal annealing. Samples implanted at 25°C to a dose of 3.3.1014ions/cm2 continue to display structural disorder regardless of annealing procedures. In contrast, implantation at 200°C to 3.3-1014ions/cm2 produces a low but measurable damage level. Further annealing lowered the disorder to a level similar to that of unimplanted material.The electrical activation of both low and high fluence ion doses is nearly the same at the optimal conditions for rapid thermal annealing (RTA) or furnace annealing (FA). However the electron mobility is found to be higher after hot implantation and RTA. The electrical profile after hot implantation is wider than the profile after RT implants and FA.

Rapid Thermal Annealing of Si-Implanted GaAs for Power FETs

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kanber ◽  
R. J. Cipolli ◽  
J. M. Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
Rapid Thermal Annealing ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Electrical Activation ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Furnace Annealing

ABSTRACTOptimization and the advantages of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) for the electrical activation of deep 300 keV Si+ implants into GaAs are investigated and established for doses of 6 to 8×1012 cm−2. These implant conditions are appropriate for power FETs. Results are compared with those based on conventional controlled atmosphere capless furnace annealing (CAT).The RTA yielded higher peak electron concentrations, high mobilities and greater uniformities in the gateless FET saturation currents. The deep implant results ontrast with those for shallower implants for low noise FETs. These differences are explained using a well-known implant damage model.

Dopant Activation in bulk germanium and Germanium-on-Insulator

2004 ◽  
Vol 829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-L. Chao ◽  
S. Prussin ◽  
J. C. S. Woo ◽  
R. Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
Rapid Thermal Annealing ◽  
Electrical Activation ◽  
Dopant Activation ◽  
P Type ◽  
Cmos Processes

ABSTRACTHigh levels of electrical activation of both p- and n-type dopants are realized by pre-amorphization implantation (PAI) in bulk germanium wafers and germanium-on-insulator (GOI) substrates. In bulk germanium, p-type dopant yields an electrical activated concentration of 1.5×1020 /cm3 after a 400°C rapid thermal annealing (RTA), which is one order higher than obtained for samples without PAI. N-type dopants also show comparable improvement as 1×1020 /cm3 after 600°C RTA. Both results are the highest ever being reported and are sufficient for advanced CMOS applications. PAI was also employed in dopant activation for GOI substrates. Carrier concentrations of 6×1020 /cm3 and 5×1019 /cm3 were observed for p- and n-type dopants respectively after identical RTA conditions as for bulk germanium counterparts. Hydrogen incorporated in GOI wafers which were prepared by Smart-Cut™ approach may be responsible for the discrepancy of activated concentrations between bulk germanium and GOI. Nevertheless, PAI shows the promise of dopant activation in germanium and can be readily adopted in current CMOS processes.

Rapid Thermal Annealing of Ion Implanted GaAs and InP

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.V. Vaidyanathan ◽  
H.L. Dunlap
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
Rapid Thermal Annealing ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Annealing Process ◽  
Electrical Activation ◽  
High Fluence ◽  
Furnace Annealing ◽  
Conventional Furnace ◽  
Conventional Furnace Annealing ◽  
Ion Implanted

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the properties of high intensity lamp-annealed silicon or beryllium-implanted GaAs and InP samples. We find this annealing process can result in efficient activation of dopants. Conventional furnace annealing at the same temperature does not result in increased electrical activation of the dopants. High fluence silicon implants can be activated in anneal times as short as 2 seconds, while low fluence silicon implants require more extended annealing. Activation of low fluence implants in GaAs depends strongly on the properties of the bulk semiinsulating material.

The Effect of Oxygen on The Electrical Activation and Diffusion of Ion-Implanted Boron

1997 ◽  
Vol 469 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kyllesbech Larsen ◽  
P. A. Stoik ◽  
V. Privitera ◽  
J. G. M. van Berkum ◽  
W. B. de Boer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
Rapid Thermal Annealing ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Electrical Activation ◽  
Enhanced Diffusion ◽  
Boron Doped ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen ◽  
P Type ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Ion Implanted

ABSTRACTTransient enhanced diffusion (TED) and electrical activation (EA) of ion-implanted boron during rapid thermal annealing has been investigated using three types of boron doped p-type Si (100) substrates: (a) Cz 20 Ωcm, (b) 3 μm thick 20 Ωcm epitaxial Si layer (epi-layer) grown on a 20 Ωcm Cz substrate, and (c) 3 μm thick 20 Ωcm epi-layer grown on a 5 mΩcin Fz substrate. The level of oxygen is known to decrease from material type (a) to (c). The samples were implanted with 20 keV, 5×1013cm−2boron and subjected to rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at various temperatures and times. The EA and TED were studied using spreading resistance profiling (SRP) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), respectively. Although the amount of TED is almost identical for the three substrates, the EA is found to be significantly higher in the epi-layers compared to Cz substrates. It is speculated that the trapping of vacancies by oxygen in the ion-damaged region leads to an increase in the interstitial supersaturation during annealing, which then results in enhanced boron clustering and reduced electrical activation in the peak of the implanted profile.

Ultra-Shallow Junctions by Ion Implantation and Rapid Thermal Annealing: Spike-Anneals, Ramp Rate Effects

1999 ◽  
Vol 568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Agarwal ◽  
Hans-J. Gossmann ◽  
Anthony T. Fiory
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
Rapid Thermal Annealing ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Recent Experimental Data ◽  
Enhanced Diffusion ◽  
Temperature Ramp ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Low Energies ◽  
Ultra Shallow Junctions ◽  
P Type

ABSTRACTOver the last couple of years rapid thermal annealing (RTA) equipment suppliers have been aggressively developing lamp-based furnaces capable of achieving ramp-up rates on the order of hundreds of degrees per second. One of the driving forces for adopting such a strategy was the experimental demonstration of 30nm p-type junctions by employing a ramp-up rate of ≈400°C/s. It was subsequently proposed that the ultra-fast temperature ramp-up was suppressing transient enhanced diffusion (TED) of boron which results from the interaction of the implantation damage with the dopant. The capability to achieve very high temperature ramp-rates was thus embraced as an essential requirement of the next generation of RTA equipment.In this paper, recent experimental data examining the effect of the ramp-up rate during spike-and soak-anneals on enhanced diffusion and shallow junction formation is reviewed. The advantage of increasing the ramp-up rate is found to be largest for the shallowest, 0.5-keV, B implants. At such ultra-low energies (ULE) the advantage arises from a reduction of the total thermal budget. Simulations reveal that a point of diminishing return is quickly reached when increasing the ramp-up rate since the ramp-down rate is in practice limited. At energies where TED dominates, a high ramp-up rate is only effective in minimizing diffusion if the implanted dose is sufficiently small so that the TED can be run out during the ramp-up portion of the anneal; for larger doses, a high ramp-up rate only serves to postpone the TED to the ramp-down duration of the anneal. However, even when TED is minimized at higher implant energies via high ramp-up rates, the advantage is unobservable due to the rather large as-implanted depth. It appears then that while spike anneals allow the activation of ULE-implanted dopants to be maximized while minimizing their diffusion the limitation imposed by the ramp-down rate compromises the advantage of very aggressive ramp-up rates.

omparisons of Silicide Formation by Rapid Thermal Annealing and Conventional Furnace Annealing

1987 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ma ◽  
M. Natan ◽  
B.S. Lim ◽  
M-A. Nicolet
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
Rapid Thermal Annealing ◽  
Silicide Formation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Furnace Annealing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Conventional Furnace ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Conventional Furnace Annealing ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACTSilicide formation induced by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) and conventional furnace annealing (CFA) in bilayers of sequentially deposited films of amorphous silicon and polycrystalline Co or Ni is studied with RBS, X-ray diffraction and TEM. Particular attention is paid to the reliability of the RTA temperature measurements in the study of the growth kinetics of the first interfacial compound, Co2Si and Ni2Si, for both RTA and CFA. It is found that the same diffusion-controlled kinetics applies for the silicide formation by RTA in argon and CFA in vacuum with a common activation energy of 2.1+0.2eV for Co2Si and 1.3+0.2eV for Ni Si. Co and Ni atoms are the dominant diffusing species; during silicide formation by both RTA and CFA. The microstructures of the Ni-silicide formed by the two annealing techniques, however, differs considerably from each other, as revealed by cross-sectional TEM studies.

Correlation Between Defect Characteristics and Layer Intermixing in Si Implanted GaAs/AIGaAs Superlattices

1989 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Chen ◽  
S.-Tong Lee ◽  
G. Braunstein ◽  
G. Rajeswaran ◽  
P. Fellinger
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
Rapid Thermal Annealing ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Compound Semiconductor ◽  
Subsequent Annealing ◽  
Semiconductor Superlattices ◽  
Furnace Annealing ◽  
Annealing Conditions ◽  
Induced Defects

AbstractDefects induced by ion implantation and subsequent annealing are found to either promote or suppress layer intermixing in Ill-V compound semiconductor superlattices (SLs). We have studied this intriguing relationship by examining how implantation and annealing conditions affect defect creation and their relevance to intermixing. Layer intermixing has been induced in SLs implanted with 220 keV Si+ at doses < 1 × 1014 ions/cm2 and annealed at 850°C for 3 hrs or 1050°C for 10 s. Upon furnace annealing, significant Si in-diffusion is observed over the entire intermixed region, but with rapid thermal annealing layer intermixing is accompanied by negligible Si movement. TEM showed that the totally intermixed layers are centered around a buried band of secondary defects and below the Si peak position. In the nearsurface region layer intermixing is suppressed and is only partially completed at ≤1 × 1015 Si/cm2. This inhibition is correlated to a loss of the mobile implantation-induced defects, which are responsible for intermixing.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document