scholarly journals The Structure of Lead-Indium Phosphate Glass

1994 ◽  
Vol 376 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Suzuya ◽  
D. L. Price ◽  
C.-K. Loong ◽  
B. C. Sales ◽  
L. A. Boatner
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Glasses ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Preparation Temperature ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Coordination Numbers ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Lead Pyrophosphate ◽  
Short Range Structure

ABSTRACTLead-indium phosphate glasses exhibit a number of useful properties such as a high index-of-refraction, low preparation temperature and melt viscosity, and good chemical durability. The structure of such a glass (composition in wt. %: 65 PbO, 29 P2O5, 6 In2O3) has been investigated by total neutron scattering using the GLAD diffractometer at Argonne's spallation neutron source IPNS. Peaks corresponding to the P-O, Pb-O/In-O, and 0-0 pairs were observed in the radial distribution function. The short-range structure in the glass, in terms of average coordination numbers and bond distances, is compared with those of a pure P2O5 glass and with the crystal structure of lead pyrophosphate, Pb2P2O7. Unlike silicate glasses in which the SiO4 tetrahedra form a 3-dimensional network, the PO4 tetrahedra in phosphate glasses form a chain-like structure. The structural modification by the lead cations in phosphate glasses appears to occur mainly in the medium range affecting the lengths and connectivity of the chain-like structure.

3D-[Pr(Im)3(ImH)]@ImH: Ein dreidimensionales Netzwerk mit vollständiger Stickstoffkoordination aus einer Imidazolschmelze / 3D-[Pr(Im)3(ImH)]@ImH: A Three-Dimensional Network with Complete Nitrogen Coordination Obtained from an Imidazole Melt

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 792-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Müller-Buschbaum
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Material Science ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Temperature Synthesis ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
High Temperature Synthesis ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Bright Green ◽  
Gas Molecules

The reaction of a melt of unsubstituted imidazole with praseodymium metal yields bright green crystals of 3D-[Pr(Im)3(ImH)]@ImH. Imidazolate ligands coordinate η1 via both N atoms their 1,3 positioning within the heterocycle being responsible for the connection of praseodymium atoms. A 3-dimensional network is formed with imidazole molecules from the melt intercalated in the crystal structure. The imidazole molecules can be released and temperature dependent reversibly be exchanged with gas molecules including argon. Thus the solvent free high temperature synthesis of rare earth elements with amine melts can also be utilized for “crystal engineering” and the synthesis of compounds with material science aspects. Furthermore 3D-[Pr(Im)3(ImH)]@ImH is the first unsubstituted imidazolate of the lanthanides.

Medium-range topological constraints in binary phosphate glasses

2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (24) ◽  
pp. 244507 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Rodrigues ◽  
L. Wondraczek
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Glasses ◽  
Topological Constraints ◽  
Medium Range

scholarly journals Synthesis and crystal structures of a bis(3-hydroxy-cyclohex-2-en-1-one) and two hexahydroquinoline derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Scott A. Steiger ◽  
Chun Li ◽  
Christina Gates ◽  
Nicholas R. Natale
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Title Compound ◽  
Crystal Packing ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Boat Conformation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Aryl Group ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Intramolecular Hydrogen

The title compound I, 2,2′-[(2-nitrophenyl)methylene]bis(3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-enone), C23H27NO6, features a 1,3-ketone–enol conformation which is stabilized by two intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The most prominent intermolecular interactions in compound I are C—H...O hydrogen bonds, which link molecules into a two-dimensional network parallel to the (001) plane and a chain perpendicular to (1\overline{1}1). Both title compounds II, ethyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,7,7-trimethyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate, C23H29NO6, and III, ethyl 4-(anthracen-9-yl)-2,7,7-trimethyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate, C29H29NO3, share the same structural features, such as a shallow boat conformation of the dihydropyridine group and an orthogonal aryl group attached to the dihydropyridine. Intermolecular N—H...O bonding is present in the crystal packing of both compound II and III.

scholarly journals (Z)-3-(1-Chloroprop-1-enyl)-2-methyl-1-phenylsulfonyl-1H-indole

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. o1781-o1781 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Umadevi ◽  
V. Saravanan ◽  
R. Yamuna ◽  
A. K. Mohanakrishnan ◽  
G. Chakkaravarthi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Phenyl Ring ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ring System ◽  
Indole Ring ◽  
Compound C ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
A Chain

In the title compound, C18H16ClNO2S, the indole ring system forms a dihedral angle of 75.07 (8)° with the phenyl ring. The molecular structure is stabilized by a weak intramolecular C—H...O hydrogen bond. In the crystal, molecules are linked by weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a chain along [10-1]. C—H...π interactions are also observed, leading to a three-dimensional network.

Electrodeposition of poly and nanocrystalline Cu-In-Se absorbers for optoelectronic devices

MRS Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (37) ◽  
pp. 2043-2052
Author(s):  
Shalini Menezes ◽  
Anura P. Samantilleke ◽  
Sharmila J. Menezes ◽  
Yi Mo ◽  
David S. Albin
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Copper Indium ◽  
Ordered Space ◽  
Cu Foil

ABSTRACTCoupling semiconductors with electrochemical processes can lead to unusual materials, and attractive, practical device configurations. This work examines the reaction mechanism for single-step electrodeposition approach that creates device quality copper-indium-selenide (CISe) films with either polycrystalline or nanocrystalline morphologies on Cu and steel foils, respectively. The polycrystalline CISe film grows from In3+/Se4+ solution on Cu foil as Cu→ CuxSe→ CuInSe2; it may be used in standard planar pn devices. The nanocrystalline CISe film grown from Cu+/In3+/Se4+ solution follows the CuSe(In)→ CuInSe2→ CuIn3Se5 sequence. The latter approach leads to naturally ordered, space-filling nanocrystals, comprising interconnected 3-dimensional network of sharp, abrupt, p-CISe/n-CISe bulk homojunctions with extraordinary electro-optical attributes. Sandwiching these films between band-aligned contact electrodes can lead to high performance third generation devices for solar cells, light emitting diodes or photoelectrodes for fuel cells. Both approaches produce self-stabilized CISe absorbers that avoid recrystallization steps and can be roll-to-roll processed in simple flexible thin-film form factor for easy scale-up.

Wechselwirkungen in Molekülkristallen, 156 [1, 2]. Kristallzüchtung und Strukturbestimmung von (Imidodiphosphat)-Alkalisalzen mit Kationen niedriger und hoher Koordinationszahlen / Interaction in Molecular Crystals, 156 [1, 2]. Crystal Growth and Structure Determination of Alkali(imidodiphosphate) Salts with Cations of Low and High Coordination Numbers

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 773-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Bock ◽  
Erik Heigel ◽  
Norbert Nagel
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Coordination Number ◽  
Molecular Crystals ◽  
Chelating Ligands ◽  
Chain Polymer ◽  
Coordination Numbers ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
A Chain ◽  
High Coordination

Imidodiphosphates ⊖N[PO(OR)2]2 and Imidodiphosphonates ⊖N[POR2]2 are effective chelating ligands for a variety of metal cations including even Na⊕, for which a lipophilically wrapped hexameric polyion cluster has been structurally characterized. The corresponding hexameric lithium and polyrubidium ion complexes reported here exhibit considerable structural differences: The rather small Li⊕ cations of coordination number five and tetraphenylimidodiphosphate form an isolated hexameric aggregate analogous to the Na⊕ one, whereas the larger Rb⊕ with coordination number seven and (3,4-dimethylphenyl)substituents crystallizes as a chain polymer. Based on the crystal structures, the dominant Coulomb attractions between cations and anions, the spatial requirement of the ligands and the essential phenyl/phenyl interactions in their lipophilic skin are discussed

scholarly journals Multiple-Step Melting/Irradiation: A Strategy to Fabricate Thermoplastic Polymers with Improved Mechanical Performance

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1812
Author(s):  
Jingxin Zhao ◽  
Jiayao Wang ◽  
Xiaojun Ding ◽  
Yu Gu ◽  
Yongjin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Crosslinking Density ◽  
Nucleation Density ◽  
Thermoplastic Polymers ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Multiple Step

To fabricate thermoplastic polymers exhibiting improved ductility without the loss of strength, a novel multiple-step melting/irradiation (MUSMI) strategy was developed by taking poly(vinylidene fluoride)/triallyl isocyanate (PVDF/TAIC) as an example, in which alternate melting and irradiation were adopted and repeated for several times. The initial irradiation with a low dose produced some local crosslinked points (not 3-dimensional network). When the specimen was reheated above the melting temperature, they redistributed in the PVDF matrix, which is an efficient way to avoid the high crosslinking density at certain positions and the disappearance of thermoplastic properties. During the subsequent cooling process, the crosslinked domains in the thermoplastic polymer matrix is expected to play double roles in turning crystal structures for enhancing the ductility without reducing strength. On one hand, they can act as heterogeneous nucleation agents, resulting in higher nucleation density and smaller spherulites; on the other hand, the existence of crosslinked structures restricts the lamellar thickening, accounting for the thinner crystal lamellae. Both smaller spherulites and thinner lamellae contribute to better ductility. At the same time, these local crosslinked points enhance the connectivity of crystal structures (including lamellae and spherulites), which is beneficial to the improvement of strength. Based on the influence of local crosslinked points on the ductility and strength, thermoplastic PVDF with much higher elongation at break and comparable yielding stress (relative to the reference specimen upon strong irradiation only once) was prepared via MUSMI successfully.

scholarly journals catena-Poly[[[diaqua(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)cobalt(II)]-μ-4-hydroxy-3-sulfonatobenzoato-κ2 O 3:O 1] sesquihydrate]

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. m721-m721
Author(s):  
Xiang-Qian Fang ◽  
Shan Gao ◽  
Seik Weng Ng
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Title Compound ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Octahedral Environment ◽  
Metal Atoms ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
A Chain

The 1,10-phenanthroline-chelated CoII atom in the polymeric title compound, {[Co(C7H4O6S)(C12H8N2)(H2O)2]·1.5H2O} n , is connected to the sulfonate O atom of one 4-hydroxy-3-sulfonatobenzoate dianion and to the carboxylate O atom of another dianion. It is also coordinated by two water molecules in a trans-CoN2O4 octahedral environment. The dianion links adjacent metal atoms into a chain running along [110]. The chains are linked by O—H...O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network.

A 3D Multi-Body Dynamics Model for Chain-Type Continuously Variable Unit

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Hotait ◽  
Avinash Singh
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Representation ◽  
Static Performance ◽  
Torque Capacity ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Multi Body ◽  
Chain Type

This paper presents a new 3-dimensional multi-body dynamic model of a chain-type continuously variable unit (CVU). The modeling requirements and assumptions are presented first. Then, the paper discusses the approaches developed to mathematically represent the chain, pulleys, and their interactions in terms of contact and friction. Three dimensional representation of the chain is given. Actual geometries of the pins and pulleys are captured, including crowning on either member. The model is then used to investigate the effects of different operating conditions, including speed ratio and torque, on the quasi-static performance of a CVU. Several metrics are discussed to characterize the behavior of an example CVU under practical operating conditions; these include torque capacity and the ratio of clamping forces. The predictions presented show the sensitivity of the model to these operating conditions. Finally, trends that describe the CVU quasi-static behavior are explained in context of the parameters studied.

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