PWR Fuel Element Neutronic Analysis with Burnable Poison Rods Using Zircaloy and Hi-Nicalon Type S Claddings

2016 ◽  
Vol 1814 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. de Faria ◽  
J. G. Mantecón ◽  
A. R. Hamers ◽  
A. L. Costa ◽  
A. Fortini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Fuel Element ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Burnable Poison ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Nuclear Plants ◽  
Reactivity Coefficients ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cladding Material

ABSTRACTThe alloy composed of zirconium has been used effectively for over 50 years in claddings of nuclear fuel, especially for PWR type reactors. However, to increase fuel enrichment with the aim of rising the burning and maintaining the safety of nuclear plants, is of great relevance the study of new materials that can replace safely and efficiently zircaloy cladding. Among several proposed material, silicon carbide (SiC) has a potential to replace zircaloy as fuel cladding material due to its high-temperature tolerance, chemical stability and a low absorption cross-section for thermal neutrons. In this paper, the goal is to expand the study with silicon carbide cladding, checking its behavior when submitted to an environment with burnable poison variations, the impact on multiplication factor and reactivity coefficients to both claddings: zircaloy and silicon carbide. The neutronic analysis was made using the SCALE 6.0 (Standardized Computer Analysis for Licensing Evaluation) code. This code system is widely accepted and used worldwide for safety analysis, and criticality of nuclear reactors has been utilized to model a typical fuel element of a PWR.

Replacement Zircaloy for Silicon Carbide as Fuel Cladding Material in PWR – A Neutronic Evaluation

2015 ◽  
Vol 1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rochkhudson B. de Faria ◽  
Felipe Torres ◽  
Fabiana B. A. Monteiro ◽  
Claubia Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Multiplication Factor ◽  
Pressurized Water Reactor ◽  
Fuel Cladding ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Cladding Material

ABSTRACTSilicon carbide (SiC) has a potential to replacement zircaloy as fuel cladding material due to its high temperature tolerance, chemical stability and low neutron affinity. These characteristics may improve the economic and safety of nuclear reactors. Previous work has examined the possible use of SiC as a fuel cladding material in a PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) environment. However, the advantage thermo mechanical and neutronic analysis replacement zircaloy cladding is not clear. Literature reviews has been done to predict the thermo mechanical behavior of SiC in high temperatures. The neutronic analysis was made using the SCALE 6.0 (Standardized Computer Analysis for Licensing Evaluation) code. This codes system is widely accepted and used worldwide for safety analysis and criticality of nuclear reactors has been utilized to model a typical fuel element of a PWR. It was used the CSAS6 and TRITON modules. The goals are to evaluate the behavior of the infinite multiplication factor (kinf) and neutron flux using SiC as a fuel cladding material.

High-temperature tolerance of the piezoresistive effect in p-4H-SiC for harsh environment sensing

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (32) ◽  
pp. 8613-8617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan-Khoa Nguyen ◽  
Hoang-Phuong Phan ◽  
Toan Dinh ◽  
Abu Riduan Md Foisal ◽  
Nam-Trung Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Harsh Environments ◽  
Harsh Environment ◽  
Piezoresistive Effect ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Chemical Inertness ◽  
Silicon Based

4H-silicon carbide based sensors are promising candidates for replacing prevalent silicon-based counterparts in harsh environments owing to their superior chemical inertness, high stability and reliability.

scholarly journals High temperature tolerance in chickpea and its implications for plant improvement

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Devasirvatham ◽  
D. K. Y. Tan ◽  
P. M. Gaur ◽  
T. N. Raju ◽  
R. M. Trethowan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance ◽  
The Status ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
The Impact

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important food legume and heat stress affects chickpea ontogeny over a range of environments. Generally, chickpea adapts to high temperatures through an escape mechanism. However, heat stress during reproductive development can cause significant yield loss. The most important effects on the reproductive phase that affect pod set, seed set and yield are: (1) flowering time, (2) asynchrony of male and female floral organ development, and (3) impairment of male and female floral organs. While this review emphasises the importance of high temperatures >30°C, the temperature range of 32–35°C during flowering also produces distinct effects on grain yield. Recent field screening at ICRISAT have identified several heat-tolerant germplasm, which can be used in breeding programs for improving heat tolerance in chickpea. Research on the impact of heat stress in chickpea is not extensive. This review describes the status of chickpea production, the effects of high temperature on chickpea, and the opportunities for genetic improvement of chickpea tolerance to high temperatures.

scholarly journals Sintering Activated Atomic Palladium Catalysts with High-Temperature Tolerance of ∼1,000°C

2020 ◽  
pp. 100287
Author(s):  
Nating Yang ◽  
Yonghui Zhao ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Weikai Xiang ◽  
Yuhan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Palladium Catalysts ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance

scholarly journals Selection of cowpea cultivars for high temperature tolerance: physiological, biochemical and yield aspects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Rafaele Alves Barros ◽  
Miguel Julio Machado Guimarães ◽  
Rodrigo Moura e Silva ◽  
Maydara Thaylla Cavalcanti Rêgo ◽  
Natoniel Franklin de Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Selection Of

Greater acceptability, lower compensations required? The impact of perceived net benefits on willingness to accept nuclear energy projects

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Contu ◽  
Elgilani Eltahir Elshareif
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Willingness To Accept ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nuclear Plants ◽  
Energy Projects ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Support Cost

Purpose This paper aims to estimate willingness to accept (WTA) hypothetical nuclear energy projects and the impact of net perceived benefits across three countries: Italy, a country without nuclear plants in operation; the UK, a country with nuclear plants in operation and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), which has more recently opted for the inclusion of nuclear energy in its energy mix. These valuations can support cost-benefit analyses by allowing policymakers to account for additional benefits and costs which would be otherwise neglected. Design/methodology/approach Data collection was conducted through online nationwide surveys, for a total of over 4,000 individuals sampled from Italy, the UK and the UAE. The surveys included choice experiments designed to elicit preferences towards nuclear energy in the form of WTA, indicating estimated compensations for welfare worsening changes and questions to measure perceived risks and benefits. Findings The average WTA/Km is the lowest for the case of the UAE. What is more, perceived net positive benefits tend to decrease the WTA required by the UAE respondents? Moreover, across the cases, albeit to a lesser extent with regard to Italy’s case, there is evidence that a more positive benefit perception seems to increase the valuation of environmental and public benefits offered as part of the experiment. Originality/value The contribution of this study is primarily twofold: first, it provides a comparison of WTA values in a context where the availability of choice experiment data is scant; second, it assesses whether and to what extent perceived net positive benefits of nuclear energy impact WTA of nuclear energy projects.

The Specific Characteristics of Shock and Blast Impacts on Construction Sites

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
A.A. Komarov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Load ◽  
Static Load ◽  
Dynamic Loads ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Static Loads ◽  
Equivalent Static Loads ◽  
Plane Crash ◽  
Nuclear Plants ◽  
The Impact

The practices of hazardous and unique facilities’ construction imply that specific attention is paid to the issues of safety. Threats associated with crash impacts caused by moving cars or planes are considered. To ensure safety of these construction sites it is required to know the potential dynamic loads and their destructive capacity. This article considers the methodology of reducing dynamic loads associated with impacts caused by moving collapsing solids and blast loads to equivalent static loads. It is demonstrated that practically used methods of reduction of dynamic loads to static loads are based in schematization only of the positive phase of a dynamic load in a triangle forms are not always correct and true. The historical roots of this approach which is not correct nowadays are shown; such approach considered a detonation explosion as a source of dynamic load, including TNT and even a nuclear weapon. Application of the existing practices of reduction of dynamic load to static load for accidental explosions in the atmosphere that occur in deflagration mode with a significant vacuumization phase may cause crucial distortion of predicted loads for the construction sites. This circumstance may become a matter of specific importance at calculations of potential hazard of impacts and explosions in unique units — for instance, in the nuclear plants. The article considers a situation with a plane crash, the building structure load parameters generated at the impact caused by a plane impact and the following deflagration explosion of fuel vapors are determined.

“THE ROOM WAS QUITE SMALL BY AMERICAN STANDARDS” – ARE ONLINE HOTEL REVIEWS CULTURE-SPECIFIC?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Nielsen ◽  
Karen K. Zethsen
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Personal Service ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Physical Comfort ◽  
Hotel Managers ◽  
The Impact

Hotel bookings are increasingly made online, and many travellers rely on eWOM in the form of peer hotel reviews. These reviews potentially contain information of great relevance to the tourism industry and offer a unique and ever-expanding corpus of unsolicited data. If this data is investigated systematically, it may provide insights that would enable hotel managers to be proactive in their marketing. The present study focuses on the under-researched area of the potential impact of nationality on the reviews. Using a corpus of authentic American and German hotel reviews and the qualitative, phenomenologically-inspired method of Systematic Text Condensation, this study investigates the impact of national culture on review comments in order to establish whether nationality makes a difference for the themes and attitudes expressed. The data indicate that Americans are more likely to focus on old-world charm, romance, physical comfort, personal service/relations and problem-solving than Germans are. The overall results of this qualitative study allow us to conclude that there are indeed differences between the German and the American reviews to a degree that is worth pursuing in future mixed-methods research and that may have practice implications for hotel managers.

An unprecedented high-temperature-tolerance 2D laminar MXene membrane for ultrafast hydrogen sieving

2019 ◽  
Vol 569 ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyi Fan ◽  
Luyang Wei ◽  
Xiuxia Meng ◽  
Weimin Zhang ◽  
Naitao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance

High temperature tolerance and thermal plasticity in emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Sobek ◽  
Arun Rajamohan ◽  
Daniel Dillon ◽  
Robert C. Cumming ◽  
Brent J. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Thermal Plasticity ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance
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