Key Technologies of Heterojunction Solar Cell and Module Manufacturing

2015 ◽  
Vol 1771 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Xiangheng He ◽  
Tingkai Li
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
Higher Temperature

ABSTRACTThe a-Si/c-Si Heterojunction Technology (HJT) or Heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) solar cell have been fabricated in mass production，the average conversion efficiency of HJT solar cells with 3 bus bar, 5 bus bar and smart wire structures have reached 20%, 21% and 22% respectively. One of the biggest obstructions for HIT module manufacturing is the Cell-to-Module (CTM) stringing process where much power loss happened due to high temperature. The higher temperature in stringing process makes passivation quality worse and introduces much more defects. In this article, we present our investigation on CTM string connection methods, especially on which undergo low temperature to avoid thermal micro damage on cell’s functional structure. Several kinds of string connection are elaborated. The discussion will give some directions for further laboratory research and HJT manufacturing.

scholarly journals GaInP/GaAs/poly-Si Multi-Junction Solar Cells by in Metal Balls Bonding

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 726
Author(s):  
Ray-Hua Horng ◽  
Yu-Cheng Kao ◽  
Apoorva Sood ◽  
Po-Liang Liu ◽  
Wei-Cheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Triple Junction ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Metal Line ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Junction Solar Cell

In this study, a mechanical stacking technique has been used to bond together the GaInP/GaAs and poly-silicon (Si) solar wafers. A GaInP/GaAs/poly-Si triple-junction solar cell has mechanically stacked using a low-temperature bonding process which involves micro metal In balls on a metal line using a high-optical-transmission spin-coated glue material. Current–voltage measurements of the GaInP/GaAs/poly-Si triple-junction solar cells have carried out at room temperature both in the dark and under 1 sun with 100 mW/cm2 power density using a solar simulator. The GaInP/GaAs/poly-Si triple-junction solar cell has reached an efficiency of 24.5% with an open-circuit voltage of 2.68 V, a short-circuit current density of 12.39 mA/cm2, and a fill-factor of 73.8%. This study demonstrates a great potential for the low-temperature micro-metal-ball mechanical stacking technique to achieve high conversion efficiency for solar cells with three or more junctions.

Highly efficient low temperature solution processable planar type CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite flexible solar cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1572-1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Hyuck Heo ◽  
Min Ho Lee ◽  
Hye Ji Han ◽  
Basavaraj Rudragouda Patil ◽  
Jae Su Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Temperature Solution ◽  
Reverse Scan ◽  
Solution Processable

A highly efficient PEN/ITO/ZnO/CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite/PTAA/Au flexible planar solar cell with 1.1 V Voc, 18.7 mA cm−2Jsc, 75% FF, and 15.4% η for the forward scan direction and 1.1 V Voc, 18.7 mA cm−2Jsc, 76% FF and 15.6% η for the reverse scan direction under illumination of 1 Sun was demonstrated.

Conventional polymer solar cells with power conversion efficiencies increased to >9% by a combination of methanol treatment and an anionic conjugated polyelectrolyte interface layer

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (92) ◽  
pp. 50988-50992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yuan ◽  
Dong Yang ◽  
Xiaoguang Zhu ◽  
Lingyu Zhou ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Polymer Solar Cell ◽  
Polymer Solar Cells ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Interface Layer ◽  
Conjugated Polyelectrolyte ◽  
Methanol Treatment ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

The power conversion efficiency of a PTB7:PC71BM polymer solar cell was improved up to 9.1% by a combination of methanol treatment followed by conjugation of a water- or alcohol-soluble polyelectrolyte thin layer.

scholarly journals Low-Temperature Processed TiOx Electron Transport Layer for Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1676
Author(s):  
Md. Shahiduzzaman ◽  
Daiki Kuwahara ◽  
Masahiro Nakano ◽  
Makoto Karakawa ◽  
Kohshin Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Electron Transport Layer ◽  
Photovoltaic Properties

The most frequently used n-type electron transport layer (ETL) in high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is based on titanium oxide (TiO2) films, involving a high-temperature sintering (>450 °C) process. In this work, a dense, uniform, and pinhole-free compact titanium dioxide (TiOx) film was prepared via a facile chemical bath deposition process at a low temperature (80 °C), and was applied as a high-quality ETL for efficient planar PSCs. We tested and compared as-deposited substrates sintered at low temperatures (< 150 °C) and high temperatures (> 450 °C), as well as their corresponding photovoltaic properties. PSCs with a high-temperature treated TiO2 compact layer (CL) exhibited power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) as high as 15.50%, which was close to those of PSCs with low-temperature treated TiOx (14.51%). This indicates that low-temperature treated TiOx can be a potential ETL candidate for planar PSCs. In summary, this work reports on the fabrication of low-temperature processed PSCs, and can be of interest for the design and fabrication of future low-cost and flexible solar modules.

Effect of Ge Thin Layer Position on Formation and Property of CZTSSe Thin Films and Solar Cells Prepared by Sputtering Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 895 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Jin Ze Li ◽  
Hong Lie Shen ◽  
Yu Fang Li ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Window Layer ◽  
Structural Morphology ◽  
Ge Doping ◽  
Layer Position

In this work we deposited a Ge thin layer under or upon Cu-Zn-Sn-S precursor by sputtering, followed by selenization process to obtain Ge doped CZTSSe thin films. A comparison of structural, morphology and optoelectrical property on Ge doped CZTSSe thin films with different Ge layer position was studied. It was found that even a little amount of Ge doping could affect the crystallization of CZTSSe grains. The solar cells based on two kinds of precursors both had VOC improvement compared with undoped CZTSSe solar cell. However, due to the inner stress in CZTSSe thin film, cracks appeared between the interface of buffer layer and window layer in CZTSSe solar cell with Ge bottom layer, leading to the decrease of conversion efficiency. With the help of Ge in reducing bulk recombination, CZTSSe solar cell based on Cu-Zn-Sn-S precursor with Ge top layer had a conversion efficiency of 5.38%, in contrast to 3.01% and 4.30% of CZTSSe solar cell with Ge bottom layer and undoped CZTSSe solar cell, respectively.

Novel high-efficiency crystalline-silicon-based compound heterojunction solar cells: HCT (heterojunction with compound thin-layer)

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (29) ◽  
pp. 15400-15410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiming Liu ◽  
Yun Sun ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Jianghong Yao
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Heterojunction Solar Cell ◽  
Heterojunction Solar Cells ◽  
Silicon Based

A novel high-efficiency c-Si heterojunction solar cell with using compound hetero-materials is proposed and denominated HCT (heterojunction with a compound thin-layer).

Ceramic IR Emitter with Spectral Match to GaSb PV Cells for TPV

2013 ◽  
Vol 1493 ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis M. fraas ◽  
Kuanrong Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Selective Emitter ◽  
Spectral Selectivity ◽  
Cell Conversion ◽  
Commercial Market ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spectral Match

ABSTRACTA high temperature ceramic selective emitter for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) electric generators is described with a spectral match to GaSb IR cells. While solar cells generate electricity quietly and are lightweight, traditional solar cells are used with sunlight and only generate electricity during the day. Workers at JX Crystals invented the GaSb IR cell as a booster cell to demonstrate a solar cell conversion efficiency of 35%. JX Crystals now makes these IR cells. In TPV, these cells can potentially be used with flame heated ceramic emitters to generate electricity quietly day and night. One of the most important requirements for TPV is a good spectral match between the ceramic IR emitted and the IR PV cells. The first problem is to find, demonstrate, and integrate a doped ceramic IR emitter with a spectral match to these GaSb cells. Recently, nickel oxide and cobalt oxide doped MgO-based ceramics have been shown experimentally and theoretically to have spectral selectivity but no attempts have been made to integrate these ceramic IR emitters into a fully operational TPV generator. Herein, we review the history of TPV and note that a key to future progress will be the integration of an appropriate ceramic emitter with cells and a burner to demonstrate an operational TPV generator. Integrating TPV into a residential boiler is discussed as a potential future large volume commercial market.

Efficient and cost-effective graphene on silicon solar cells prepared by spray coating

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (98) ◽  
pp. 55300-55304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kejia Jiao ◽  
DangWen Zhang ◽  
Yunfa Chen
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Si Solar Cells

A facile method – graphene on silicon (G/Si) solar cells prepared by spray coating – is developed. The efficiency of spray-coated G/Si solar cells can reach 4.41%, comparable to that of conventional CVD-G/Si solar cells. This approach is done in air at low temperature, and is easy to scale up, making it appealing for the mass production of efficient and cost-effective G/Si solar cells.

The low-temperature barium fluoridozirconate variety α-BaZr2F10

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1482-1487
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Laval
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
Higher Temperature

The low-temperature triclinic variety α-BaZr2F10 constitutes a new structure type, less symmetrical than the higher-temperature β-variety. It is based on the stacking of double sheets of Zr polyhedra, connecting three different kinds of ZrF7 polyhedra and one ZrF8 polyhedron via vertices and edges, separated by corrugated Ba2+ layers. It is compared to the high-temperature β-variety, directly recrystallizing from barium fluoridozirconate glass, and also to BaTe2F10 and KTe2F9.

Review Status on High Temperature Heat Pumps

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 2550-2553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Hui Zhou ◽  
Shi Wei Feng ◽  
Si Qi Cui ◽  
Yin Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Development Status ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
Waste Energy ◽  
Higher Temperature

A heat pump is a kind of energy saving equipment. It can effectively improve the grade of low temperature renewable and waste energy. Because of the increasing demands for higher temperature energy in many industrial processes and other fields, the development and research of high temperature heat pumps have been becoming more and more pressing and significant. This paper briefly summarizes the development status in two aspects: the development of working fluids and system features and characteristics of different cycle types.

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