The Physical Essence of Mono-dispersed Nanometer Particle Surface Energy by Boundary bond Interaction

2013 ◽  
Vol 1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihong Su ◽  
Xiaowei Yin ◽  
Caixia Wan ◽  
Shengru Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Standing Wave ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Traditional Theory ◽  
Cutting Surface ◽  
Interfacial Surface ◽  
Nanometer Material ◽  
Nanometer Powder ◽  
Nanometer Particle

ABSTRACTThe surface energy quantifies the disruption of intermolecular bond that occurs when a surface is created. The paper discusses critical size dc of mono-dispersed nanometer particle by analyzing the change of interfacial surface energy. The traditional theory neglects that the mono-dispersed nanometer particle has quantum standing wave in its internal structure with a size below critical dc. During the preparation of mono-dispersed nanometer powder, the large surface energy is formed ont only by cutting surface bond but also by forming quantum standing wave that opposites to interfacial edge unsaturated bond on the nanometer partcile surface atom. The preparation process of nanometer material needs more energy than the size surpass dc material. The new theory can explain why the melting point of nanometer powder decreases and other phenomina of nanometer material.

Electric-Field Induced Formation of Superconducting Granular Balls

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (17n18) ◽  
pp. 2529-2535
Author(s):  
R. Tao ◽  
X. Xu ◽  
Y. C. Lan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Strong Electric Field ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Cooper Pairs ◽  
Surface Charges

When a strong electric field is applied to a suspension of micron-sized high T c superconducting particles in liquid nitrogen, the particles quickly aggregate together to form millimeter-size balls. The balls are sturdy, surviving constant heavy collisions with the electrodes, while they hold over 106 particles each. The phenomenon is a result of interaction between Cooper pairs and the strong electric field. The strong electric field induces surface charges on the particle surface. When the applied electric field is strong enough, Cooper pairs near the surface are depleted, leading to a positive surface energy. The minimization of this surface energy leads to the aggregation of particles to form balls.

Variations in Aluminum Particle Surface Energy and Reactivity Induced by Annealing and Quenching

2021 ◽  
pp. 152185
Author(s):  
Alan Williams ◽  
Igor Altman ◽  
Daniel Burnett ◽  
Ezequiel Gutierrez Zorrilla ◽  
Armando R. Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Aluminum Particle ◽  
Particle Surface

The effect of primary particle surface energy on agglomeration rate in fluidised bed wet granulation

2008 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Thielmann ◽  
Majid Naderi ◽  
Mansoor A. Ansari ◽  
Frantisek Stepanek
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Primary Particle ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Fluidised Bed

Research and Application of Nanometer Material Self-Cleaning Agent on Textile Fabrics

2012 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 337-341
Author(s):  
Hai Xia Hu
Keyword(s):  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
The Self ◽  
Cleaning Agent ◽  
Textile Fabrics ◽  
Nanometer Material ◽  
Self Cleaning ◽  
Finishing Agent ◽  
Nanometer Particle

By researching on the self-cleaning characteristic of nanometer material, and the dispersion and stability of nanometer particle, a kind of environmentally friendly nanometer finishing agent was exploited and developed. Application results of this nanometer self-cleaning agent on textile fabrics showed that this finishing agent had self-cleaning effect to remove capsicum oil. Generally speaking, over 10% dosage of nanometer material finishing agent would allow the self-cleaning effect completely in 24 hours. Meanwhile, after being finished with this self-cleaning agent, the fabric wearabilities were not changed.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic metal crystallization basics

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
E. I. Marukovich ◽  
V. Yu. Stetsenko
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Thermodynamic Process ◽  
Bend Radius ◽  
Metal Melt ◽  
Interfacial Surface ◽  
High Cooling Rates ◽  
Free Metal ◽  
Very High

On the basis of thermodynamic calculations it is shown that crystallization of metals is a thermodynamic process, which takes place mainly at constant temperature. The exception is crystallization at very high cooling rates of the metal melt when the released solidification heat is not enough to stabilize the crystallization temperature of the liquid metal. In crystallization, the specific interfacial surface energy of crystals is not a constant value, but is proportional to their dimensions (bend radius).Nanocrystals of crystallizing phases exist in the metal melt steadily. Metal crystallization aggregates nanocrystals and free metal melt atoms into microcrystals. Mechanism of dendritic crystallization of metals is proposed.

scholarly journals Droplets in turbulence: a new perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 816 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin R. Maxey
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Immiscible Liquid ◽  
Direct Numerical Simulations ◽  
Carrier Fluid ◽  
Two Fluids ◽  
Interfacial Surface ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Shape And Size

Stirring olive oil and vinegar to make salad dressing creates an emulsion of vinegar droplets in oil. More vigorous stirring gives smaller droplets, while if left to sit the droplets will begin to coalesce and the two fluids will separate. In this vein, Dodd & Ferrante (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 806, 2016, pp. 356–412) present a new analysis of how homogeneous turbulence in a carrier fluid interacts with a suspension of droplets of an immiscible liquid. Based on a set of direct numerical simulations, the authors provide new insights on how turbulence affects the motion of the droplets, their shape and size; then in turn how the droplets alter the flow including effects of interfacial surface energy on the kinetic energy of the flow.

scholarly journals Interfacial Surface Energy between the Superfluid Phases ofHe3

1977 ◽  
Vol 38 (16) ◽  
pp. 905-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Osheroff ◽  
M. C. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Interfacial Surface

scholarly journals DEM Simulation of Binary Blend Mixing of Cohesive Particles in a High Intensity Vibration System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zheng ◽  
Kuriakose Kunnath ◽  
Rajesh Dave
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Bond Number ◽  
Vibration System ◽  
Mixing Rate ◽  
Binary Blend ◽  
Dem Simulation ◽  
T Values

The effects of processing intensity, time and particle surface energy on mixing of binary cohesive blends (size ratio 1:2, fine concentration at 10 %) in high intensity vibration system were investigated via DEM simulations. Results show that both increasing processing intensity from 50 to 100 Gs and reducing surface energy from 50 to 0.5 J/m2 lead to a faster mixing rate. Mixing Bond number (〖Bo〗_m) was introduced to capture the effective mixing rate, Rm; higher 〖Bo〗_m corresponding to lower mixing rate. The coefficient of variation, Cv, formed the basis for the mixing quality and Rm, while the mixing action is quantified by the product of Rm and mixing time (Pr,t). Simulation results show that Cv values drop initially, and then rise with Pr,t. Hence, low Pr,t indicates inadequate mixing intensity, while high Pr,t most likely indicates mixture segregation, and therefore too high or too low Pr,t values should be avoided.

scholarly journals Interfacial surface investigation of super-critical water gasification of corn cob

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (suppl. 3) ◽  
pp. 895-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Jin ◽  
Zhen-Qun Wu ◽  
Xiao-Hui Su ◽  
Lie-Jin Guo ◽  
Xing-Xing Song
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Carbon Gasification ◽  
Interfacial Surface ◽  
Organic Functional Groups ◽  
Aromatic Substance ◽  
Gasification Efficiency

Super-critical water gasification of biomass is a promising technology for hydrogen production. In order to achieve high hydrogen yield and complete gasification, the operating parameters were investigated and the solid residual was analyzed to study the reaction bottleneck by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results showed that most organic functional groups in corn cob were consumed by super-critical water above 500?C, however, the aromatic substance and cyclic ketone were remained. The K2CO3 has the best catalytic effect due to the formation of pore structure in the residual particle surface. The carbon gasification efficiency of 97.97% and the hydrogen yield was 50.28 mol/kg.

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