scholarly journals Interfacial Surface Energy between the Superfluid Phases ofHe3

1977 ◽  
Vol 38 (16) ◽  
pp. 905-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Osheroff ◽  
M. C. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Interfacial Surface

The Physical Essence of Mono-dispersed Nanometer Particle Surface Energy by Boundary bond Interaction

2013 ◽  
Vol 1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihong Su ◽  
Xiaowei Yin ◽  
Caixia Wan ◽  
Shengru Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Standing Wave ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Traditional Theory ◽  
Cutting Surface ◽  
Interfacial Surface ◽  
Nanometer Material ◽  
Nanometer Powder ◽  
Nanometer Particle

ABSTRACTThe surface energy quantifies the disruption of intermolecular bond that occurs when a surface is created. The paper discusses critical size dc of mono-dispersed nanometer particle by analyzing the change of interfacial surface energy. The traditional theory neglects that the mono-dispersed nanometer particle has quantum standing wave in its internal structure with a size below critical dc. During the preparation of mono-dispersed nanometer powder, the large surface energy is formed ont only by cutting surface bond but also by forming quantum standing wave that opposites to interfacial edge unsaturated bond on the nanometer partcile surface atom. The preparation process of nanometer material needs more energy than the size surpass dc material. The new theory can explain why the melting point of nanometer powder decreases and other phenomina of nanometer material.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic metal crystallization basics

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
E. I. Marukovich ◽  
V. Yu. Stetsenko
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Thermodynamic Process ◽  
Bend Radius ◽  
Metal Melt ◽  
Interfacial Surface ◽  
High Cooling Rates ◽  
Free Metal ◽  
Very High

On the basis of thermodynamic calculations it is shown that crystallization of metals is a thermodynamic process, which takes place mainly at constant temperature. The exception is crystallization at very high cooling rates of the metal melt when the released solidification heat is not enough to stabilize the crystallization temperature of the liquid metal. In crystallization, the specific interfacial surface energy of crystals is not a constant value, but is proportional to their dimensions (bend radius).Nanocrystals of crystallizing phases exist in the metal melt steadily. Metal crystallization aggregates nanocrystals and free metal melt atoms into microcrystals. Mechanism of dendritic crystallization of metals is proposed.

scholarly journals Droplets in turbulence: a new perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 816 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin R. Maxey
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Immiscible Liquid ◽  
Direct Numerical Simulations ◽  
Carrier Fluid ◽  
Two Fluids ◽  
Interfacial Surface ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Shape And Size

Stirring olive oil and vinegar to make salad dressing creates an emulsion of vinegar droplets in oil. More vigorous stirring gives smaller droplets, while if left to sit the droplets will begin to coalesce and the two fluids will separate. In this vein, Dodd & Ferrante (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 806, 2016, pp. 356–412) present a new analysis of how homogeneous turbulence in a carrier fluid interacts with a suspension of droplets of an immiscible liquid. Based on a set of direct numerical simulations, the authors provide new insights on how turbulence affects the motion of the droplets, their shape and size; then in turn how the droplets alter the flow including effects of interfacial surface energy on the kinetic energy of the flow.

Prediction of Interfacial Surface Energy and Effective Fracture Energy From Contaminant Concentration in Polymer-Based Interfaces

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denizhan Yavas ◽  
Ashraf F. Bastawros
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Fracture Mechanics ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Interfacial Fracture ◽  
Surface Concentration ◽  
Contaminant Concentration ◽  
Interfacial Fracture Mechanics ◽  
Interfacial Surface ◽  
Gibbs Adsorption Equation ◽  
Macroscopic Fracture

The principals of interfacial fracture mechanics and modified Gibbs adsorption equation are utilized to provide a predictive correlation for the macroscopic (effective) fracture toughness of polymer-based adhesive interfaces, exposed to varying level of contaminant concentration. The macroscopic fracture toughness measurement by double cantilever beam test exhibits a progressive deterioration with the increase of the contaminant surface concentration. The associated variation of fracture surface morphology exhibits ductile-to-brittle failure transition, caused by the contamination-induced suppression of plastic deformation within the adhesive layer. The corresponding intrinsic interfacial surface energy is extracted by finite-element simulation, employing surface-based cohesive elements. The modified Gibbs adsorption equation is utilized to correlate the contamination-induced degradation of the interfacial surface energy as a function of contaminant surface concentration. Interfacial fracture mechanics principals are applied to extend the correlation to the macroscopic fracture toughness of the interface. With additional examination of other systems, the proposed correlation may provide the basis for nondestructive evaluation of bond line integrity, exposed to different levels of contaminant.

scholarly journals Air, helium and water leakage in rubber O-ring seals with application to syringes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine Huon ◽  
Avinash Tiwari ◽  
Cinzia Rotella ◽  
Paolo Mangiagalli ◽  
bo persson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Laplace Pressure ◽  
Water Leakage ◽  
Random Surface ◽  
Interfacial Surface ◽  
Interfacial Fluid

Abstract We study the leakage of fluids (liquids or gases) in syringes with glass barrel, steel plunger and rubber O-ring stopper. The leakrate depends on the interfacial surface roughness and on the viscoelastic properties of the rubber. Random surface roughness is produced by sandblasting the rubber O-rings. We present a very simple theory for gas flow which takes into account both the diffusive and ballistic flow. The theory shows that the interfacial fluid flow (leakage) channels are so narrow that the gas flow is mainly ballistic (the so called Knudsen limit). We compare the leakrate obtained using air and helium. For barrels filled with water we observe no leakage even if leakage occurs for gases. We interpret this as resulting from capillary (Laplace pressure or surface energy) effects.

The annealed (0001) α-alumina surface and its influence on thin-film growth

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 336-337
Author(s):  
Michael W. Bench ◽  
Paul G. Kotula ◽  
C. Barry Carter
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
Thin Film Growth ◽  
Energy Calculations ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reflection Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Energy Electron ◽  
Surface Nature

The growth of semiconductors, superconductors, metals, and other insulators has been investigated using alumina substrates in a variety of orientations. The surface state of the alumina (for example surface reconstruction and step nature) can be expected to affect the growth nature and quality of the epilayers. As such, the surface nature has been studied using a number of techniques including low energy electron diffraction (LEED), reflection electron microscopy (REM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), molecular dynamics computer simulations, and also by theoretical surface energy calculations. In the (0001) orientation, the bulk alumina lattice can be thought of as a layered structure with A1-A1-O stacking. This gives three possible terminations of the bulk alumina lattice, with theoretical surface energy calculations suggesting that termination should occur between the Al layers. Thus, the lattice often has been described as being made up of layers of (Al-O-Al) unit stacking sequences. There is a 180° rotation in the surface symmetry of successive layers and a total of six layers are required to form the alumina unit cell.

The nucleation of cavities at grain boundaries

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 288-291
Author(s):  
P. J. Goodhew
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Impurity Concentration ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Phase Boundaries ◽  
Cavity Nucleation ◽  
Spherical Bubble

Cavity nucleation and growth at grain and phase boundaries is of concern because it can lead to failure during creep and can lead to embrittlement as a result of radiation damage. Two major types of cavity are usually distinguished: The term bubble is applied to a cavity which contains gas at a pressure which is at least sufficient to support the surface tension (2g/r for a spherical bubble of radius r and surface energy g). The term void is generally applied to any cavity which contains less gas than this, but is not necessarily empty of gas. A void would therefore tend to shrink in the absence of any imposed driving force for growth, whereas a bubble would be stable or would tend to grow. It is widely considered that cavity nucleation always requires the presence of one or more gas atoms. However since it is extremely difficult to prepare experimental materials with a gas impurity concentration lower than their eventual cavity concentration there is little to be gained by debating this point.

Influence of Fiber Surface Energy on Mechanical Properties of Sisal Fiber - Bio Based Epoxy Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-496
Author(s):  
S. RAJKUMAR ◽  
◽  
R. JOSEPH BENSINGH ◽  
M. ABDUL KADER ◽  
SANJAY K NAYAK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Sisal Fiber
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