Design and Demonstration of Concentration Cells for Small Scale Energy Harvesting based on Reverse Electrodialysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin Banan Sadeghian ◽  
Oxana Pantchenko ◽  
Daniel Scott Tate ◽  
Javad Shabani ◽  
Mehrdad M. Zarandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Power Delivery ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis ◽  
Delivery Times ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Circuit Output

ABSTRACTExperimental results are presented to demonstrate feasibility of small scale power generation using static reverse electrodialysis (RED) of CuSO4 solutions. In contrast to conventional macro scale reverse electrodialysis, the concentrated and diluate compartments were not refreshed, resulting in limited power delivery times. This is important in energy harvesting applications from limited supply of ionic concentrations. Maximum output power density of 0.17 μW·cm−2 was recorded using microfiltration membranes. The evolution of the open circuit output voltage with time is accurately modeled at various concentration ratios.

Novel Wind Energy Harvesting Device for City Building Based on ZnO Films Array

2015 ◽  
Vol 645-646 ◽  
pp. 1139-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao Hua Wu ◽  
Li Dong Du ◽  
Zhan Zhao ◽  
De Yi Kong ◽  
Zhen Fang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical System ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Zno Films ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Mems Technology ◽  
Circuit Output

A kind of novel wind energy harvesting device with square ZnO piezoelectric thin films array structure has been investigated in the article. It is designed and fabricated for ambient wind energy on high buildings in city blocks particularly. Ordinary elements of wind energy harvesting are various windmills or turbines, they are usually expensive and noisy, and are not suitable to be used in the crowed city. The novel wind energy harvesting device is fabricated by Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) technology in order to avoid the deficiencies mentioned above. The films array has a multilayer structure with five layers, and has a thickness of about 2.5μm. The maximum open circuit output voltage of the device reaches 2.81V, and its maximum output power density is 23.39nW/cm2.

scholarly journals Investigation of Position Sensing and Energy Harvesting of a Flexible Triboelectric Touch Pad

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Chen ◽  
Qiongfeng Shi ◽  
Kunpu Li ◽  
Zhan Yang ◽  
Huicong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Current Output ◽  
Position Sensing

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a promising technology because it can harvest energy from the environment to enable self-sustainable mobile and wearable electronic devices. In this work, we present a flexible touch pad capable of detecting the contact location of an object and generating substantial energy simultaneously based on the coupling of triboelectric effects and electrostatic induction. The touch pad consists of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) thin film, multiple Aluminum (Al) electrodes and Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) layers, which can be achieved through low cost, simplified and scalable fabrication process. Different from the conventional multi-pixel-based positioning sensor (i.e., large array of sensing elements and electrodes), the analogue method proposed here is used to implement the positioning function with only four electrodes. Position location can achieve a detecting resolution of as small as 1.3 mm (the size of locating layer is 7.5 cm × 7.5 cm). For the energy harvesting part, a multilayer structure is designed to provide higher current output. The open circuit voltage of the device is around 420 V and the short circuit current can reach up to 6.26 µA with current density of 0.25 µA/cm2. The maximum output power obtained is approximately 10 mW, which is 0.4 mW/cm2. The flexibility and significantly reduced number of electrodes enable the proposed touch pad to be readily integrated into portable electronic devices, such as intelligent robots, laptops, healthcare devices, and environmental surveys, etc.

Broadband Rotational Energy Harvesting Using Micro Energy Harvester

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jui-Ta Chien ◽  
Yung-Hsing Fu ◽  
Chao-Ting Chen ◽  
Shun-Chiu Lin ◽  
Yi-Chung Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Rotational Energy ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Rotational Excitation ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

This paper proposes a broadband rotational energy harvesting setup by using micro piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH). When driven in different rotating speed, the PEH can output relatively high power which exhibits the phenomenon of frequency up-conversion transforming the low frequency of rotation into the high frequency of resonant vibration. It aims to power self-powered devices used in the applications, like smart tires, smart bearings, and health monitoring sensors on rotational machines. Through the excitation of the rotary magnetic repulsion, the cantilever beam presents periodically damped oscillation. Under the rotational excitation, the maximum output voltage and power of PEH with optimal impedance is 28.2 Vpp and 663 μW, respectively. The output performance of the same energy harvester driven in ordinary vibrational based excitation is compared with rotational oscillation under open circuit condition. The maximum output voltage under 2.5g acceleration level of vibration is 27.54 Vpp while the peak output voltage of 36.5 Vpp in rotational excitation (in 265 rpm).

scholarly journals Development and Piezoelectric Properties of a Stack Units-Based Piezoelectric Device for Roadway Application

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7708
Author(s):  
Chenchen Li ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Pengfei Liu ◽  
Chaoliang Fu ◽  
Quan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Piezoelectric Properties ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Piezoelectric Device

To improve the energy harvesting efficiency of the piezoelectric device, a stack units-based structure was developed and verified. Factors such as stress distribution, load resistance, loads, and loading times influencing the piezoelectric properties were investigated using theoretical analysis and experimental tests. The results show that the unit number has a negative relationship with the generated energy and the stress distribution has no influence on the power generation of the piezoelectric unit array. However, with a small stress difference, units in a parallel connection can obtain high energy conversion efficiency. Additionally, loaded with the matched impedance of 275.0 kΩ at 10.0 kN and 10.0 Hz, the proposed device reached a maximum output power of 84.3 mW, which is enough to supply the low-power sensors. Moreover, the indoor load test illustrates that the electrical performance of the piezoelectric device was positively correlated with the simulated loads when loaded with matched resistance. Furthermore, the electrical property remained stable after the fatigue test of 100,000 cyclic loads. Subsequently, the field study confirmed that the developed piezoelectric device had novel piezoelectric properties with an open-circuit voltage of 190 V under an actual tire load, and the traffic parameters can be extracted from the voltage waveform.

scholarly journals FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION OF MEMS PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY SCAVENGER BASED ON PZT THIN FILM

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-99
Author(s):  
Aliza Aini Md Ralib ◽  
Nur Wafa Asyiqin Zulfakher ◽  
Rosminazuin Ab Rahim ◽  
Nor Farahidah Za'bah ◽  
Noor Hazrin Hany Mohamad Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
The World

Vibration energy harvesting has been progressively developed in the advancement of technology and widely used by a lot of researchers around the world. There is a very high demand for energy scavenging around the world due to it being cheaper in price, possibly miniaturized within a system, long lasting, and environmentally friendly. The conventional battery is hazardous to the environment and has a shorter operating lifespan. Therefore, ambient vibration energy serves as an alternative that can replace the battery because it can be integrated and compatible to micro-electromechanical systems. This paper presents the design and analysis of a MEMS piezoelectric energy harvester, which is a vibration energy harvesting type. The energy harvester was formed using Lead Zicronate Titanate (PZT-5A) as the piezoelectric thin film, silicon as the substrate layer and structural steel as the electrode layer. The resonance frequency will provide the maximum output power, maximum output voltage and maximum displacement of vibration. The operating mode also plays an important role to generate larger output voltage with less displacement of cantilever. Some designs also have been studied by varying height and length of piezoelectric materials. Hence, this project will demonstrate the simulation of a MEMS piezoelectric device for a low power electronic performance. Simulation results show PZT-5A piezoelectric energy with a length of 31 mm and height of 0.16 mm generates maximum output voltage of 7.435 V and maximum output power of 2.30 mW at the resonance frequency of 40 Hz. ABSTRAK: Penuaian tenaga getaran telah berkembang secara pesat dalam kemajuan teknologi dan telah digunakan secara meluas oleh ramai penyelidik di seluruh dunia. Terdapat permintaan yang sangat tinggi di seluruh dunia terhadap penuaian tenaga kerana harganya yang lebih murah, bersaiz kecil dalam satu sistem, tahan lama dan mesra alam. Manakala, bateri konvensional adalah berbahaya bagi alam sekitar dan mempunyai jangka hayat yang lebih pendek. Oleh itu, getaran tenaga dari persekitaran lebih sesuai sebagai alternatif kepada bateri kerana ia mudah diintegrasikan dan serasi dengan sistem mikroelektromekanikal. Kertas kerja ini  membentangkan reka bentuk dan analisis tenaga piezoelektrik MEMS iaitu salah satu jenis penuaian tenaga getaran. Penuai tenaga ini dibentuk menggunakan Lead Zicronate Titanate (PZT-5A) sebagai lapisan filem tipis piezoelektrik, silikon sebagai lapisan substrat dan keluli struktur sebagai lapisan elektrod. Frekuensi resonans akan memberikan hasil tenaga maksima, voltan tenaga maksima dan getaran jarak maksima. Mod pengendalian juga memainkan peranan penting bagi menghasilkan tenaga yang lebih besar. Reka bentuk yang mempunyai ketinggian dan panjang berlainan juga telah diuji dengan menggunakan bahan piezoelektrik yang sama. Oleh itu, projek ini akan menghasilkan simulasi piezoelektrik MEMS yang sesuai digunakan bagi alat elektronik berkuasa rendah. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan dengan panjang 31 mm dan ketinggian 0.16 mm, piezoelektrik PZT ini menghasilkan voltan maksima sebanyak 7.435 V dan tenaga output maksima 2.30 mW pada frekuensi resonans 40 Hz.

Study of Cantilever Structures Based on Piezoelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting at Low Frequency of Vibration

2014 ◽  
Vol 976 ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Ambrosio ◽  
Hector Gonzalez ◽  
Mario Moreno ◽  
Alfonso Torres ◽  
Rafael Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Coupling Coefficients ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

In this work is presented a study of a piezoelectric energy harvesting device used for low power consumption applications operating at relative low frequency. The structure consists of a cantilever beam made by Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) layer with two gold electrodes for electrical contacts. The piezoelectric material was selected taking into account its high coupling coefficients. Different structures were analyzed with variations in its dimensions and shape of the cantilever. The devices were designed to operate at the resonance frequency to get maximum electrical power output. The structures were simulated using finite element (FE) software. The analysis of the harvesting devices was performed in order to investigate the influence of the geometric parameters on the output power and the natural frequency. To validate the simulation results, an experiment with a PZT cantilever with brass substrate was carried out. The experimental data was found to be very close to simulation data. The results indicate that large structures, in the order of millimeters, are the ideal for piezoelectric energy harvesting devices providing a maximum output power in the range of mW

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Vortex-Induced Vibrations and Wake-Induced Vibrations

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Junlei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Vortex Induced Vibrations ◽  
Flow Induced Vibrations ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
Output Characteristics

A rigid circular cylinder with two piezoelectric beams attached on has been tested through vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) and wake-induced vibrations (WIV) by installing a big cylinder fixed upstream, in order to study the influence of the different flow-induced vibrations (FIV) types. The VIV test shows that the output voltage increases with the increases of load resistance; an optimal load resistance exists for the maximum output power. The WIV test shows that the vibration of the small cylinder is controlled by the vortex frequency of the large one. There is an optimal gap of the cylinders that can obtain the maximum output voltage and power. For a same energy harvesting device, WIV has higher power generation capacity; then the piezoelectric output characteristics can be effectively improved.

Design and Simulation of a Novel Thermoelectric Micro-Device with Electrodeposited Bi-Te Alloys

2018 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 788-794
Author(s):  
S. Guo ◽  
Ning Su ◽  
Fu Li ◽  
Da Wei Liu ◽  
Bo Li
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Transfer Coefficients

A novel thermoelectric micro-device was designed with n-type and p-type Bi-Te materials alloys via a template electrodeposition process. The glass template including 250 holes in 10×10 mm2with a thickness of 200~ 400 µm. The diameter of the holes is 50~ 80 µm and the distance of adjacent centers of the holes is 200 µm. According to the design, the performance of heat transference and thermoelectric energy generation are simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics. In order to simplify model, there are 16 units in total, and each unit is made up of 16 (4 × 4) pillars. In the simulation, the largest temperature difference is 7.8K on the conditions of 500 W/m2K in convection heat transfer coefficients and the maximum output potential of the module is 21.7 mV. The maximum output power achieved 96.9 µW under 500 W/m2K of heat transfer coefficient and 10 mA of current. Under ideal conditions, the value of open circuit voltage and maximum output power increases to nine times as the model, but short circuit current remains the same. When the heat transfer coefficient is 500 W/m2K and the current density is 10 mA, the maximum output power of the actual product achieved 871.7 µW.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of a Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Based on Flag-Flutter

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Elahi ◽  
Marco Eugeni ◽  
Federico Fune ◽  
Luca Lampani ◽  
Franco Mastroddi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Subsonic Wind Tunnel ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

In the last few decades, piezoelectric (PZT) materials have played a vital role in the aerospace industry because of their energy harvesting capability. PZT energy harvesters (PEH) absorb the energy from an operational environment and can transform it into useful energy to drive nano/micro-electronic components. In this research work, a PEH based on the flag-flutter mechanism is presented. This mechanism is based on fluid-structure interaction (FSI). The flag is subjected to the axial airflow in the subsonic wind tunnel. The performance evaluation of the harvester and aeroelastic analysis is investigated numerically and experimentally. A novel solution is presented to extract energy from Limit Cycle Oscillations (LCOs) phenomenon by means of PZT transduction. The PZT patch absorbs the flow-induced structural vibrations and transforms it into electrical energy. Furthermore, the optimal resistance and length of the flag is predicted to maximize the energy harvesting. Different configurations of flag i.e., with Aluminium (Al) patch and PZT patch for flutter mode vibration mode are studied numerically and experimentally. The bifurcation diagram is constructed for the experimental campaign for the flutter instability of a cantilevered flag in subsonic wind-tunnel. Moreover, the flutter boundary conditions are analysed for reduced critical velocity and frequency. The designed PZT energy harvester via flag-flutter mechanism is suitable for energy harvesting in aerospace engineering applications to drive wireless sensors. The maximum output power that can be generated from the designed harvester is 6.72 mW and the optimal resistance is predicted to be 0.33 MΩ.

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