The diamond-solution interface: the surface energy of hydrogen terminated nanocrystalline CVD diamond derived from contact angle measurements

2011 ◽  
Vol 1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stoffe D. Janssens ◽  
Sien Drijkoningen ◽  
Marc Saitner ◽  
Hans-Gerd Boyen ◽  
Ken Haenen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Sessile Drop ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Nanocrystalline Diamond ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements

ABSTRACTIn this work, a determination of the surface energy for hydrogen terminated nanocrystalline diamond grown with microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition is presented. Five identical hydrogen terminated nanocrystalline diamond layers of ~150 nm thick are deposited on silicon substrates and examined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the surface groups and possible surface contaminations. In order to evaluate the surface energy, contact angle measurements are performed using the sessile drop method in combination with data analysis based on the ‘Owens, Wendt, Rabel and Kaelble’ method. Four different experimental approaches to evaluate the surface energy of hydrogen terminated nanocrystalline diamond are discussed.

scholarly journals Doped Nanocrystalline Diamond Films as Reflective Layers for Fiber-Optic Sensors of Refractive Index of Liquids

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Kosowska ◽  
Daria Majchrowicz ◽  
Kamatchi J. Sankaran ◽  
Mateusz Ficek ◽  
Ken Haenen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Diamond Films ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensors ◽  
Nanocrystalline Diamond ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Boron Doped ◽  
Interferometric Sensor

This paper reports the application of doped nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films—nitrogen-doped NCD and boron-doped NCD—as reflective surfaces in an interferometric sensor of refractive index dedicated to the measurements of liquids. The sensor is constructed as a Fabry–Pérot interferometer, working in the reflective mode. The diamond films were deposited on silicon substrates by a microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system. The measurements of refractive indices of liquids were carried out in the range of 1.3 to 1.6. The results of initial investigations show that doped NCD films can be successfully used in fiber-optic sensors of refractive index providing linear work characteristics. Their application can prolong the lifespan of the measurement head and open the way to measure biomedical samples and aggressive chemicals.

scholarly journals The Leaf Wettability of Various Potato Cultivars

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
Ewa Papierowska ◽  
Jan Szatyłowicz ◽  
Stanisław Samborski ◽  
Joanna Szewińska ◽  
Elżbieta Różańska
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Sessile Drop ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Leaf Wettability

Leaf wettability has an impact on a plant’s ability to retain water on its leaf surface, which in turn has many environmental consequences. In the case of the potato leaf (Solanum tuberosum L.), water on the leaf surface may contribute to the development of a fungal disease. If fungal disease is caused, this may reduce the size of potato harvests, which contribute significantly to meeting global food demand. The aim of this study was to assess the leaf wettability of five potato cultivars (i.e., Bryza, Lady Claire, Rudawa, Russet Burbank, Sweet Caroline) in the context of its direct and indirect impact on potato yield. Leaf wettability was assessed on the basis of contact angle measurements using a sessile drop method with an optical goniometer. For Bryza and Rudawa cultivars, which showed, respectively, the highest and the lowest contact angle values, light microscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy analyses were performed. The results of the contact angle measurements and microscopic image analyses of the potato leaf surfaces indicated that the level of wettability was closely related to the type of trichomes on the leaf and their density. Therefore, higher resistance of the Rudawa cultivar to biotic stress conditions could be the result of the presence of two glandular trichome types (VI and VII), which produce and secrete metabolites containing various sticky and/or toxic chemicals that may poison or repel herbivores.

Enhanced Wettability of Nanocrystalline Diamond Films for Biocoating Applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason H. C. Yang ◽  
Kungen Teii
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Plasma ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Hydrogen Plasma ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Nanocrystalline Diamond ◽  
Polar Component ◽  
Oxygen Plasma Treatment

ABSTRACTNanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films are prepared from Ar-rich/N2/CH4 and Ar-rich/H2/CH4 mixtures by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, and further treated by microwave hydrogen and oxygen plasma exposures separately to enhance the wetting property. The hydrogen plasma treatment has small effect on the surface roughness, while the oxygen plasma treatment forms fine protrusions on the film surface. Results show that the wettability of the hydrogen plasma treated NCD film is nearly constant or little improvement as the polar component of the apparent surface free energy is close to the as-deposit NCD film. In contrast, the wettability of the oxygen plasma treated NCD film is improved dramatically such that the contact angle is reduced from 92º and 4.7º to almost 0º for water and 1-bromonaphthalene, respectively, and the polar component increases significantly to 34 mJ/m2. The low contact angle suggests that the film is considerably a cell adhesive friendly surface, which is essential in maintaining multicellular structure, and thus making it a favorable wetting surface for biological and biomedical applications.

Surface Modification of Fluorosilicone Acrylate RGP Contact Lens by Low-Temperature Ammonia Plasma

2009 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 1273-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Ren ◽  
Lian Na Zhao ◽  
Shi Heng Yin ◽  
Ying Jun Wang ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Contact Lens ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Ammonia Plasma ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Surface Contact Angle

In order to improve the surface hydrophilicity and the resistance to protein deposition of fluorosilicone acrylate RGP (rigid gas permeable) contact lens, low temperature ammonia plasma treatment was used to modify the lens surface. The changes of surface structures and properties were characterized by contact angle analyzer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscope (AFM). Effects of exposure time and plasma generating power on surface properties of the RGP contact lens were investigated. The surface contact angle measurements showed a great improvement of hydrophilicity after plasma treatment. XPS analysis indicated that the oxygen content and the nitrogen content increased remarkably after ammonia plasma treatment. Furthermore, the content of the hydrophilic group O-C=O/N-C=O on the surface increased and the content of the hydrophobic group CF2 decreased after plasma treatment. AFM results showed that ammonia plasma could lead to surface etching.

DEPOSITION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND FILMS ON MIRROR-POLISHED Si SUBSTRATE BY BIASED ENHANCED MICROWAVE PLASMA CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (06n07) ◽  
pp. 845-852
Author(s):  
T. Soga ◽  
T. Sharda ◽  
T. Jimbo ◽  
M. Umeno
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Nanocrystalline Diamond ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
Plasma Chemical ◽  
Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition

Hard and smooth nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) thin films were deposited on polished silicon substrates by biased enhanced growth in microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. The films deposited with varying the methane concentration and biasing voltage were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, nano-indenter, x-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. Stress in the films increases with decreasing methane concentration in the gas-phase and with increasing biasing. The adhesion between NCD film and Si substrate is very strong sustaining the compressive stress as high as high as 85 GPa. It was hypothesized that hydrogen content of the films and graphitic content of the films are responsible in generating stress. The hardness is well correlated with the Raman peak intensity ratio of NCD peak to G peak.

scholarly journals Tailoring the Composition and Properties of Sprayed CuSbS2Thin Films by Using Polymeric Additives

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ionut Popovici ◽  
Anca Duta
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Hydrophilic Polymers ◽  
Film Morphology ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Polymeric Additives ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis Deposition

CuSbS2thin films were obtained by spray pyrolysis deposition, using polymeric additives for controlling the surface properties and film’s composition. Ternary crystalline chalcostibite compounds have been obtained without any postdeposition treatments. XRD spectra and IR spectroscopy were used to characterize films composition and interactions between components. Films morphology and surface energy were investigated using AFM microscopy and contact angle measurements. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers strongly influence the composition and film morphology.

scholarly journals Cell Morphology on Poly(methyl methacrylate) Microstructures as Function of Surface Energy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Matthias Katschnig ◽  
Boris Maroh ◽  
Natascha Andraschek ◽  
Sandra Schlögl ◽  
Ulrike Zefferer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Critical Surface ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements

Whilst the significance of substrate topography as a regulator of cell function is well established, a systematic analysis of the principles underlying this is still unavailable. Here we evaluate the hypothesis that surface energy plays a decisive role in substrate-mediated modulation of cell phenotype by evaluation of cell behaviour on synthetic microstructures exhibiting pronounced differences in surface energy. These microstructures, specifically cubes and walls, were fabricated from a biocompatible base polymer, poly(methyl methacrylate), by variotherm injection molding. The dimensions of the cubes were 1 μm x 1 μm x 1 μm (height x width x length) with a periodicity of 1:1 and 1:5 and the dimensions of the walls 1 μm x 1 μm x 15 mm (height x width x length) with a periodicity of 1:1 and 1:5. Mold inserts were made by lithography and electroplating. The surface energy of the resultant microstructures was determined by static contact angle measurements. Light scanning microscopy of the morphology of NT2/D1 and MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells cultured on structured PMMA samples in both cases revealed a profound surface energy dependence. “Walls” appeared to promote significant cell elongation, whilst a lack of cell adhesion was observed on “cubes” with the lowest periodicity. Contact angle measurements on walls revealed enhanced surface energy anisotropy (55 mN/m max., 10 mN/m min.) causing a lengthwise spreading of the test liquid droplet, similar to cell elongation. Surface energy measurements for cubes revealed increased isotropic hydrophobicity (87° max., H2O). A critical water contact angle of ≤ 80° appears to be necessary for adequate cell adhesion. A “switch” for cell adhesion and subsequently cell growth could therefore be applied by, for example, adjusting the periodicity of hydrophobic structures. In summary cell elongation on walls and a critical surface energy level for cell adhesion could be produced for NT2/D1 and MC3T3-E1 cells by symmetrical and asymmetrical energy barrier levels. We, furthermore, propose a water-drop model providing a common physicochemical cause regarding similar cell/droplet geometries and cell adhesion on the investigated microstructures.

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