Bacterial Nanocellulose as a Renewable Material for Biomedical Applications

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Gatenholm ◽  
Dieter Klemm
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Foreign Body Reaction ◽  
Cell Immobilization ◽  
Gluconacetobacter Xylinus ◽  
Bacterial Nanocellulose ◽  
Renewable Material ◽  
Biomedical Field ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Cell Support

AbstractNanocellulose, such as that produced by the bacteria Gluconacetobacter xylinus (bacterial cellulose, BC), is an emerging biomaterial with great potential as a biological implant, wound and burn dressing material, and scaffolds for tissue regeneration. BC has remarkable mechanical properties despite the fact that it contains up to 99% water. The water-holding ability is the most probable reason why BC implants do not elicit any foreign body reaction. Moreover, the nanostructure and morphological similarities with collagen make BC attractive for cell immobilization and cell support. The architecture of BC materials can be engineered over length scales ranging from nano to macro by controlling the biofabrication process. This article describes current and future applications of BC in the biomedical field.

scholarly journals Polysaccharide-Based Aerogel Production for Biomedical Applications: A Comparative Review

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1631
Author(s):  
Mariangela Guastaferro ◽  
Ernesto Reverchon ◽  
Lucia Baldino
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Biomedical Field ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Gel Preparation ◽  
Cell Adhesion And Proliferation

A comparative analysis concerning bio-based gels production, to be used for tissue regeneration, has been performed in this review. These gels are generally applied as scaffolds in the biomedical field, thanks to their morphology, low cytotoxicity, and high biocompatibility. Focusing on the time interval 2015–2020, the production of 3D scaffolds of alginate, chitosan and agarose, for skin and bone regeneration, has mainly been investigated. Traditional techniques are critically reviewed to understand their limitations and how supercritical CO2-assisted processes could overcome these drawbacks. In particular, even if freeze-drying represents the most widespread drying technique used to produce polysaccharide-based cryogels, supercritical CO2-assisted drying effectively allows preservation of the nanoporous aerogel structure and removes the organic solvent used for gel preparation. These characteristics are essential for cell adhesion and proliferation.

scholarly journals Titanium-containing bioactive phosphate glasses

2012 ◽  
Vol 370 (1963) ◽  
pp. 1352-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kiani ◽  
N. J. Lakhkar ◽  
V. Salih ◽  
M. E. Smith ◽  
J. V. Hanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Phosphate Glasses ◽  
Bone Substitute Material ◽  
Soft Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Titanium Incorporation ◽  
Biomedical Field

The use of biomaterials has revolutionized the biomedical field and has received substantial attention in the last two decades. Among the various types of biomaterials, phosphate glasses have generated great interest on account of their remarkable bioactivity and favourable physical properties for various biomedical applications relating to both hard and soft tissue regeneration. This review paper focuses mainly on the development of titanium-containing phosphate-based glasses and presents an overview of the structural and physical properties. The effect of titanium incorporation on the glassy network is to introduce favourable properties. The biocompatibility of these glasses is described along with recent developments in processing methodologies, and the potential of Ti-containing phosphate-based glasses as a bone substitute material is explored.

scholarly journals 3D Bioprinted Nanocellulose-Based Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications: A Brief Review

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandya S. Athukoralalage ◽  
Rajkamal Balu ◽  
Naba K. Dutta ◽  
Namita Roy Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Bacterial Nanocellulose ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Cell Support

Nanocellulosic materials, such as cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibers, and bacterial nanocellulose, that display high surface area, mechanical strength, biodegradability, and tunable surface chemistry have attracted great attention over the last decade for biomedical applications. Simultaneously, 3D printing is revolutionizing the field of biomedical engineering, which enables the fast and on-demand printing of customizable scaffolds, tissues, and organs. Nanocellulosic materials hold tremendous potential for 3D bioprinting due to their printability, their shear thinning behavior, their ability to live cell support and owing to their excellent biocompatibility. The amalgamation of nanocellulose-based feedstocks and 3D bioprinting is therefore of critical interest for the development of advanced functional 3D hydrogels. In this context, this review briefly discusses the most recent key developments and challenges in 3D bioprinting nanocellulose-based hydrogel constructs that have been successfully tested for mammalian cell viability and used in tissue engineering applications.

scholarly journals Self-Assembling Peptides: From Design to Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12662
Author(s):  
Sara La Manna ◽  
Concetta Di Natale ◽  
Valentina Onesto ◽  
Daniela Marasco
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Hydrophilic Drugs ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Recognition Sites ◽  
Biomedical Field ◽  
Self Assembled

Self-assembling peptides could be considered a novel class of agents able to harvest an array of micro/nanostructures that are highly attractive in the biomedical field. By modifying their amino acid composition, it is possible to mime several biological functions; when assembled in micro/nanostructures, they can be used for a variety of purposes such as tissue regeneration and engineering or drug delivery to improve drug release and/or stability and to reduce side effects. Other significant advantages of self-assembled peptides involve their biocompatibility and their ability to efficiently target molecular recognition sites. Due to their intrinsic characteristics, self-assembled peptide micro/nanostructures are capable to load both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs, and they are suitable to achieve a triggered drug delivery at disease sites by inserting in their structure’s stimuli-responsive moieties. The focus of this review was to summarize the most recent and significant studies on self-assembled peptides with an emphasis on their application in the biomedical field.

scholarly journals Zein as a versatile biopolymer: different shapes for different biomedical applications

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (62) ◽  
pp. 39004-39026
Author(s):  
Silvia Tortorella ◽  
Mirko Maturi ◽  
Veronica Vetri Buratti ◽  
Giulia Vozzolo ◽  
Erica Locatelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
3D Scaffolds ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Biomedical Field

Zein a versatile biomaterial in the biomedical field. Easy to chemically functionalize with good emulsification properties, can be employed in drug delivery, fabrication of bioactive membranes and 3D scaffolds for tissue regeneration.

Mechanical Analysis of Bacterial Nanocellulose for Biomedical Applications

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Schwertz ◽  
Paul Gatenholm ◽  
Alan W. Eberhardt
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Gluconacetobacter Xylinus ◽  
Bacterial Nanocellulose

Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a biopolymer that has been used in a variety of applications ranging from speaker diaphragms to biomedical products. With the exact chemical structure as that produced by plants, BNC is created by microbes like Gluconacetobacter xylinus. One of the unique aspects of BNC is its ability to have a wide variety of mechanical properties while in hydrogel form.

The Potential of Fucose-Containing Sulfated Polysaccharides As Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (35) ◽  
pp. 6399-6411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Nunes ◽  
Manuel A. Coimbra
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Pathogen Inhibition ◽  
Health Applications

Marine environments have a high quantity and diversity of sulfated polysaccharides. In coastal regions brown algae are the most abundant biomass producers and their cell walls have fucosecontaining sulfated polysaccharides (FCSP), known as fucans and/or fucoidans. These sulfated compounds have been widely researched for their biomedical properties, namely the immunomodulatory, haemostasis, pathogen inhibition, anti-inflammatory capacity, and antitumoral. These activities are probably due to their ability to mimic the carbohydrate moieties of mammalian glycosaminoglycans. Therefore, the FCSP are interesting compounds for application in health-related subjects, mainly for developing scaffolds for delivery systems or tissue regeneration. FCSP showed potential for these applications also due to their ability to form stable 3D structures with other polymers able to entrap therapeutic agents or cell and growth factors, besides their biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, for the clinical use of these biopolymers well-defined reproducible molecules are required in order to accurately establish relationships between structural features and human health applications.

scholarly journals Graphene Integrated Hydrogels Based Biomaterials in Photothermal Biomedicine

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 906
Author(s):  
Le Minh Tu Phan ◽  
Thuy Anh Thu Vo ◽  
Thi Xoan Hoang ◽  
Sungbo Cho
Keyword(s):  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
High Light ◽  
Conversion Materials ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Biomedical Field ◽  
Hydrogel Composites ◽  
Material Fabrication ◽  
Biomedical Fields

Recently, photothermal therapy (PTT) has emerged as one of the most promising biomedical strategies for different areas in the biomedical field owing to its superior advantages, such as being noninvasive, target-specific and having fewer side effects. Graphene-based hydrogels (GGels), which have excellent mechanical and optical properties, high light-to-heat conversion efficiency and good biocompatibility, have been intensively exploited as potential photothermal conversion materials. This comprehensive review summarizes the current development of graphene-integrated hydrogel composites and their application in photothermal biomedicine. The latest advances in the synthesis strategies, unique properties and potential applications of photothermal-responsive GGel nanocomposites in biomedical fields are introduced in detail. This review aims to provide a better understanding of the current progress in GGel material fabrication, photothermal properties and potential PTT-based biomedical applications, thereby aiding in more research efforts to facilitate the further advancement of photothermal biomedicine.

scholarly journals Recent Advances and Applications of Bacterial Cellulose in Biomedicine

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 412
Author(s):  
Sam Swingler ◽  
Abhishek Gupta ◽  
Hazel Gibson ◽  
Marek Kowalczuk ◽  
Wayne Heaselgrave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
High Water ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
High Tensile Strength ◽  
Ideal Candidate ◽  
Chemical Purity ◽  
High Level ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Extracellular Polymer

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an extracellular polymer produced by Komagateibacter xylinus, which has been shown to possess a multitude of properties, which makes it innately useful as a next-generation biopolymer. The structure of BC is comprised of glucose monomer units polymerised by cellulose synthase in β-1-4 glucan chains which form uniaxially orientated BC fibril bundles which measure 3–8 nm in diameter. BC is chemically identical to vegetal cellulose. However, when BC is compared with other natural or synthetic analogues, it shows a much higher performance in biomedical applications, potable treatment, nano-filters and functional applications. The main reason for this superiority is due to the high level of chemical purity, nano-fibrillar matrix and crystallinity. Upon using BC as a carrier or scaffold with other materials, unique and novel characteristics can be observed, which are all relatable to the features of BC. These properties, which include high tensile strength, high water holding capabilities and microfibrillar matrices, coupled with the overall physicochemical assets of bacterial cellulose makes it an ideal candidate for further scientific research into biopolymer development. This review thoroughly explores several areas in which BC is being investigated, ranging from biomedical applications to electronic applications, with a focus on the use as a next-generation wound dressing. The purpose of this review is to consolidate and discuss the most recent advancements in the applications of bacterial cellulose, primarily in biomedicine, but also in biotechnology.

scholarly journals Biomedical Uses of Sulfobetaine-Based Zwitterionic Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 342-357
Author(s):  
Francesco Zaccarian ◽  
Matthew B. Baker ◽  
Matthew J. Webber
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Foreign Body Reaction ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Cellular Adhesion ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Protein Fouling ◽  
Biomedical Device ◽  
The Many ◽  
Hydrophilic Coatings

Protein fouling can render a biomedical device dysfunctional, and also serves to nucleate the foreign body reaction to an implanted material. Hydrophilic coatings have emerged as a commonly applied route to combat interface-mediated complications and promote device longevity and limited inflammatory response. While polyethylene glycol has received a majority of the attention in this regard, coatings based on zwitterionic moieties have been more recently explored. Sulfobetaines in particular constitute one such class of zwitterions explored for use in mitigating surface fouling, and have been shown to reduce protein adsorption, limit cellular adhesion, and promote increased functional lifetimes and limited inflammatory responses when applied to implanted materials and devices. Here, we present a focused review of the literature surrounding sulfobetaine, beginning with an understanding of its chemistry and the methods by which it is applied to the surface of a biomedical device in molecular and polymeric forms, and then advancing to the many early demonstrations of function in a variety of biomedical applications. Finally, we provide some insights into the benefits and challenges presented by its use, as well as some outlook on the future prospects for using this material to improve biomedical device practice by addressing interface-mediated complications.

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