Fogak morfológiai és metrikus jellegzetességeinek vizsgálata marosvásárhelyi középkori leleteken és a jelenkori helyi populáció körében

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (30) ◽  
pp. 1235-1240
Author(s):  
Csaba Dudás ◽  
Bernadette Kerekes-Máthé ◽  
Mária Henrietta Gábor ◽  
I. Krisztina Mártha ◽  
Szilárd Sándor Gál
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Morphological Form ◽  
Contemporary Group ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Dental Models

Abstract: Introduction: Teeth, as an integral part of human organism, are not exceptions from the physical anthropology changes caused by biological evolution and the way of living. Different stress factors and the natural selection are contributing to the emphasis of certain morphological characteristics. Aim: Comparison of dental metric characteristics and the presence of accessory tooth cusps between human remains from the Middle Ages and dental study models of today’s patients. Material and method: Morphological characteristics of 132 teeth from 19 skulls and 694 teeth on dental models of 30 patients were examined. The mesiodistal, incisivocervical and buccolingual diameters of crowns were measured by a validated 2D image analysis method. Carabelli and talon cusps were also examined using a magnifying glass. Results: Statistically significant differences between the size of the 14th-century and the present-day teeth were found in some of the teeth groups. In medieval artifacts, lateral teeth had smaller crown width than teeth measured in the contemporary population. The Carabelli cusps found in the archeological human remains belonged to grades 1 and 3 on Dahlberg scale (23.07%), while the Carabelli cusps observed in the contemporary group belonged to grades 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 (50.90%). Talon cusp occurred only once in the contemporary group. Conclusion: In case of the contemporary teeth, the Carabelli cusps appeared in a more pronounced morphological form and with a higher frequency, which emphasizes the European origin of today’s population. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(30): 1235–1240.

Morphological characteristics of crested wheatgrass populations of diverse origin

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mellish ◽  
B. Coulman
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Row Width ◽  
Diverse Origin ◽  
One Year ◽  
Tiller Density ◽  
Tiller Angle

In crested wheatgrass, the species Agropyron cristatum includes populations that are diploid and tetraploid, either naturally or artificially induced. The species Agropyron desertorum is tetraploid and there are culitvars that are hybrids between A. cristatum and A. desertorum. The goal of this study was to compare the morphology (height, crown width, tiller density, tiller weight and tiller angle) of populations from the two species and hybrids, including S9240, a recently developed colchicine induced tetraploid A. cristatum. Data were collected in 1999 and 2000 from several different sward-seeded and spaced-planted trials. The four tetraploid crested wheatgrasses (A. cristatum “Kirk” and “S9240”, A. desertorum “Nordan”, and A. desertorum × A. cristatum “CD-II”) were significantly (P < 0.05) taller, narrower in row width, and produced fewer, heavier tillers than the diploid A. cristatum “Parkway”. Among the tetraploid populations, S9240 was significantly (P < 0.05) taller and produced fewer tillers. S9240 also produced significantly (P < 0.05) heavier tillers than CD-II and Nordan, and also than Kirk, one year of two. Row widths were variable among populations, but S9240 generally produced a narrower crown than other populations. Key words: Crested wheatgrass, polyploidy, plant height, crown diameter, tiller characteristics

The Cult of Relics in the Letters and ‘Dialogues’ of Pope Gregory the Great: A Lexicographical Study

Traditio ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. McCulloh
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
The West ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Gregory The Great

Late antiquity and the early Middle Ages witnessed a change in the Christian attitude toward the remains of the saints. Holy bodies came to be treated less and less as normal corpses, worthy of special veneration but still subject to many of the laws and customs which had regulated the treatment of human remains in pagan Antiquity. They came rather to be viewed as cult objects which could be moved or even divided up according to the demands of religion with little regard for earlier prohibitions of these practices. This change occurred relatively early in the Greek, eastern portion of the Roman Empire. In the mid-fourth century the Caesar Gallus translated a saint's body from one tomb to another, and less than two centuries later Justinian asked Pope Hormisdas for portions of the bodies of the apostles. Despite some outstanding exceptions such as the translations performed by St. Ambrose, the Christians of the West were more conservative in these matters. Nevertheless, by the ninth century at the very latest, western Christians had followed the lead of the eastern church in both translating and dismembering holy bodies.

scholarly journals Physiological and Molecular Characterization of Crop Resistance to Abiotic Stresses

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1308
Author(s):  
Monica Boscaiu ◽  
Ana Fita
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Heat And Cold Stress

Abiotic stress represents a main constraint for agriculture, affecting plant growth and productivity. Drought and soil salinity, especially, are major causes of reduction of crop yields and food production worldwide. It is not unexpected, therefore, that the study of plant responses to abiotic stress and stress tolerance mechanisms is one of the most active research fields in plant biology. This Special Issue compiles 22 research papers and 4 reviews covering different aspects of these responses and mechanisms, addressing environmental stress factors such as drought, salinity, flooding, heat and cold stress, deficiency or toxicity of compounds in the soil (e.g., macro and micronutrients), and combination of different stresses. The approaches used are also diverse, including, among others, the analysis of agronomic traits based on morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical studies, and transcriptomics or transgenics. Despite its complexity, we believe that this Special Issue provides a useful overview of the topic, including basic information on the mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance as well as practical aspects such as the alleviation of the deleterious effects of stress by different means, or the use of local landraces as a source of genetic material adapted to combined stresses. This knowledge should help to develop the agriculture of the (near) future, sustainable and better adapted to the conditions ahead, in a scenario of global warming and environmental pollution.

The Oxford Handbook of Later Medieval Archaeology in Britain

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Local Church ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Medieval Archaeology ◽  
The Hill

The Middle Ages are all around us in Britain. The Tower of London and the castles of Scotland and Wales are mainstays of cultural tourism and an inspiring cross-section of later medieval finds can now be seen on display in museums across England, Scotland, and Wales. Medieval institutions from Parliament and monarchy to universities are familiar to us and we come into contact with the later Middle Ages every day when we drive through a village or town, look up at the castle on the hill, visit a local church, or wonder about the earthworks in the fields we see from the window of a train.This Handbook provides an overview of the archaeology of the later Middle Ages in Britain between ad 1066 and 1550. Sixty entries, divided into ten thematic sections, cover topics ranging from later medieval objects, human remains, archaeological science, standing buildings, and sites such as castles and monasteries, to the well-preserved relict landscapes which still survive. This is a rich and exciting period of the past and most of what we have learnt about the material culture of our medieval past has been discovered in the past two generations. This volume provides comprehensive coverage of the latest research and describes the major projects and concepts that are changing our understanding of our medieval heritage.

Strontium isotopes of human remains from the San Martín de Dulantzi graveyard (Alegría-Dulantzi, Álava) and population mobility in the Early Middle Ages

2013 ◽  
Vol 303 ◽  
pp. 54-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Angel Ortega ◽  
Iranzu Guede ◽  
Maria Cruz Zuluaga ◽  
Ainhoa Alonso-Olazabal ◽  
Xabier Murelaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Strontium Isotopes ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
San Martín

scholarly journals Combined Effects of UV-B and Drought on Native and Exotic Populations of Verbascum thapsus L.

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Hock ◽  
Carolin Plos ◽  
Maria Sporbert ◽  
Alexandra Erfmeier
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Resistant Plant ◽  
Verbascum Thapsus

During plant invasions, exotic species have to face new environmental challenges and are affected by interacting components of global change, which may include more stressful environmental conditions. We investigated an invasive species of New Zealand grasslands, commonly exposed to two concomitant and limiting abiotic factors—high levels of ultraviolet-B radiation and drought. The extent to which Verbascum thapsus may respond to these interacting stress factors via adaptive responses was assessed in a greenhouse experiment comprising native German plants and plants of exotic New Zealand origins. Plants from both origins were grown within four treatments resulting from the crossed combinations of two levels of UV-B and drought. Over twelve weeks, we recorded growth, morphological characteristics, physiological responses and productivity. The results showed that drought stress had the strongest effect on biomass, morphology and physiology. Significant effects of UV-B radiation were restricted to variables of leaf morphology and physiology. We found neither evidence for additive effects of UV-B and drought nor origin-dependent stress responses that would indicate local adaptation of native or exotic populations. We conclude that drought-resistant plant species might be predisposed to handle high UV-B levels, but emphasize the importance of setting comparable magnitudes in stress levels when testing experimentally for antagonistic interaction effects between two manipulated factors.

Manot 1 calvaria and Recent Modern Human Evolution: an Anthropological Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 119-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Hershkovitz ◽  
B. Latimer ◽  
O. Barzilai ◽  
O. Marder
Keyword(s):  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Demographic Shift ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
Anatomically Modern Humans ◽  
Out Of Africa ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Early Upper

The time range between 60 ka and 50 ka is one of the most dramatic phases in human biological evolution. In this period, the western part of Eurasia (Europe and the Near East) was populated by Neanderthals, whereas the eastern part (Central Asia and Siberia) was populated by Denisovans. However, by 30 ka, these two populations were replaced by anatomically modern humans (AMH). When did these newcomers arrive and from where? There is accumulating archaeological and genetic evidence suggesting that this demographic shift occurred at the end of MIS 4 [1–3]. Moreover, it is quite clear that a major dispersal of AMH out of Africa was the source of the new populations [4–7]. In this study, we examined specific morphological characteristics of Manot 1 (e.g., suprainiac fossa), and assessed their similarities to the corresponding traits found among Neanderthals. We will show that although the terminology is similar, the traits in each hominin group are of different entities. We also show that Manot 1 and Early Upper Palaeolithic skulls of Europe have many traits in common (e.g., suprainiac fossa, bunning), although Manot 1 is much more gracile. Finally, some of the archaic traits (e.g., suprainiac fossa) seen in Manot 1 can be traced to the Late Pleistocene Aduma skull (~79–105 ka) from Ethiopia or even Eyasi 1 (~200–400 ka) from Tanzania.

The Early Middle Ages necropolis of Collecchio (Parma). Human remains

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Brasili Gualandi ◽  
E. Calanchi
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Early Middle Ages

scholarly journals Archaeological and Anthropological Analysis of New Materials from the Mayak Burial Ground in the Samara Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (37) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Vasilyev ◽  
◽  
Svetlana B. Borutskaya ◽  
Dmitry A. Stashenkov ◽  
Anna F. Kochkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Adult Woman ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
New Materials ◽  
The People ◽  
The Hill

The article introduces new paleoanthropological materials from the Mayak burial ground near Sidelkino village in the Samara region into scientific discourse. The materials were obtained as a result of excavations in 1995 and only recently was it possible to date them. As a result of AMS analysis fulfilled by the authors, human remains from two burials were dated back to the Early Mesolithic. The analysis was carried out taking into account the influence of the “reservoir effect.Despite the rather poor preservation of individuals from the two described burials, the authors carried out an osteological analysis of an adult male from the second burial. He turned out to be quite tall, with elongated legs, shortened forearms, saber-shaped tibia and relatively massive bones of the lower limbs. In burial 3, the remains of an adult woman and a child of 7–10 years old were found. Comparing the osteological indicators of the man from the second burial with materials from the same burial ground of excavations in 2002, the authors came to the conclusion that the people whose remains were found on the hill Mayak in 1995 and in 2002 probably belong to the same population. Similar morphological characteristics are proof of this.

scholarly journals Aspergillosis in domestic and wild birds from Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. e152460
Author(s):  
Romina Della Vedova ◽  
Alejandra Hevia ◽  
Walter Vivot ◽  
Julián Fernández ◽  
Susana Beatriz Córdoba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Buenos Aires Province

Aspergillus species are widely distributed throughout the world and can develop parasitic and saprophytic ways of life, allowing Aspergillus to infect living hosts, including plants, insects, birds and mammals. The most common form of aspergillosis in poultry and other birds is respiratory infection. Clinical manifestations depend on the infective dose, pre-existing diseases, and the immune response of the host. The aim of the present research was to study aspergillosis in domestic and wild birds from Argentina. We carried out morphological and molecular identification, and determination of antifungal susceptibility against seven antifungal drugs. Six birds from different cities of Buenos Aires Province of Argentina were studied. Three of the samples belonged to broiler chicks, while the other three belonged to an eagle, a pheasant, and a kelp gull. Two isolates were identified as Aspergillus fumigatus by morphological characteristics and growth at 50 °C. Morphology and BenA sequencing enabled us to identify three isolates as Aspergillus flavus, and one as Aspergillus sydowii. All antifungal drugs tested showed low MIC values, ranging from 0.008 to 1 mg/L. Aspergillosis in birds causes high economic losses and could be controlled by sanitation, avoidance of moldy food, nest and litter and reducing stress factors.

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