Morphological characteristics of crested wheatgrass populations of diverse origin

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mellish ◽  
B. Coulman
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Row Width ◽  
Diverse Origin ◽  
One Year ◽  
Tiller Density ◽  
Tiller Angle

In crested wheatgrass, the species Agropyron cristatum includes populations that are diploid and tetraploid, either naturally or artificially induced. The species Agropyron desertorum is tetraploid and there are culitvars that are hybrids between A. cristatum and A. desertorum. The goal of this study was to compare the morphology (height, crown width, tiller density, tiller weight and tiller angle) of populations from the two species and hybrids, including S9240, a recently developed colchicine induced tetraploid A. cristatum. Data were collected in 1999 and 2000 from several different sward-seeded and spaced-planted trials. The four tetraploid crested wheatgrasses (A. cristatum “Kirk” and “S9240”, A. desertorum “Nordan”, and A. desertorum × A. cristatum “CD-II”) were significantly (P < 0.05) taller, narrower in row width, and produced fewer, heavier tillers than the diploid A. cristatum “Parkway”. Among the tetraploid populations, S9240 was significantly (P < 0.05) taller and produced fewer tillers. S9240 also produced significantly (P < 0.05) heavier tillers than CD-II and Nordan, and also than Kirk, one year of two. Row widths were variable among populations, but S9240 generally produced a narrower crown than other populations. Key words: Crested wheatgrass, polyploidy, plant height, crown diameter, tiller characteristics

Inheritance of Some Morphological Characteristics of Parental Lines in Mustard-Rape Hybrid

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Hybrid Plant ◽  
Distant Hybridization ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Row Width ◽  
The Difference

Distant hybridization is known to play an important role in expanding the gene pool of any crop. It is believed that the combination of different genomes in one nucleus, as a rule, is accompanied by the phenomenon of “genomic shock”, resulting in a variety of genetic and epigenetic changes. This provides a wealth of material for the selection of genotypes adapted to different environmental conditions. Interspecific hybrids in different combinations were obtained in the genus Brassica, however, until now, interest in distant hybridization in this genus has not died out, since such important crops as rapeseed and mustard demand an improvement of many important agronomic traits. The aim of this work was to study the degree of manifestation of morphological characters of a leaf, flower, and plant as a whole in the hybrid obtained by crossing of brown mustard of the variety Slavyanka and a collection specimen of spring rape. Seeds were sown in the spring of 2019 in a field with 30 cm row width. During the flowering period a number of morphological characters of a flower, leaf, and the whole plant were analyzed. Each parameter was evaluated with 10 plants. The degree of dominance in first-generation hybrid was calculated by the formula of Beil, Atkins (1965). The dominance coefficients were not determined in the case when the difference between the parental samples was insignificant. Differences between parental samples were determined by Student t-test. The level of heterosis was calculated according to the formula of Rasul et al (2002). In a mustard-rapeseed hybrid, the size of the leaves of the lower row was inherited by the type of rapeseed, which had larger leaves than mustard. The height of the hybrid plant was inherited by the type of mustard (hp = 1.32, Ht = 4.89%), and intermediate inheritance was observed for the length of the internodes (hp = -0.48). The size of the flower petals and sepals was inherited by the type of rapeseed, and significant heterosis was observed for the length of the pistil (Ht = 33.57%). The data obtained are of interest for understanding the interaction of genes of different genomes in the genus Brassica.

scholarly journals Association between the morphological and productive characteristics in the selection of elephant grass clones

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio Vieira da Cunha ◽  
Mario de Andrade Lira ◽  
Mércia Virginia Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Erinaldo Viana de Freitas ◽  
José Carlos Batista Dubeux Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Canonical Correlations ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Tiller Density

The objectives in this work were to study the association between the morphological and productive characteristics in Pennisetum sp. clones, and to identify the morphological characteristics responsible for the productivity in Pennisetum cp. clones. The canonical correlations were evaluated and the path analysis was made from the simple genotypic correlation matrix between the morphological and productive characteristics of eight Pennisetum sp. clones (Taiwan A-146 2.37, Taiwan A-146 2.27, Taiwan-146 2.114, Merker México MX 6.31, Mott, HV-241, Elefante B and IRI-381). The canonical correlations were significant at 1% probability by the Chi-square test. The first pair of canonic factors, with correlation of 0.9999, related the plants with the highest dry matter content to plants with lower leaf area indexes, light perception and leaf angle. The second pair of canonic factors, with correlation of 0.9999, related the plants with the highest dry matter production to the plants with higher basal tiller density, height, and low green leaf number per tiller. The results of the path analysis indicated that the light interception is determinant in dry matter content expression of Pennisetum sp. clones, while the basal tiller density and plant height are responsible for dry matter production in these clones.

Characteristic of morphological traits and biochemical indicators in Linum pubescens

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-64
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Bright Pink ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Bright Color ◽  
One Year

The article describes the morphological characteristics and biochemical parameters of a very little studied wild species Linum pubescens (downy flax). This representative of the genus Linum naturally grows in the eastern Mediterranean: Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Turkey, Iraq, Greece, Cyprus, Albania. There are brief references to it in the description of the flora of these regions. In Israel, on natural populations of L. pubescens, studies of dimorphic heterostyly, anatomical features of the flower, mechanisms of pollination and incompatibility were carried out. However, other signs, including economically valuable ones, are not described in him. We were the first to study the species ex-situ in a field bank. It was found that in the arid conditions of the southeastern Steppe of Ukraine L. pubescens has a one-year development cycle, a height of 30 cm, 1.2 flowering stems, a bright pink flower with a diameter of 25 mm, a small slightly elongated box with a diameter of 2.7 mm, weight 1000 seeds is 0.6 g, and the leaf area is 218.9 mm2. Plants bloom in mid-July- September. Taking into account the rather large size, the bright color of the flower and the flowering period, we believe that the L. pubescens species has prospects of use as an ornamental flowering plant. In the resulting artificial population of L. pubescens, dimorphic heterostyly is clearly traced. Long and short pest morphs are clearly identified. L. pubescens seeds contain 24% protein and 35% oil. The fatty acid composition of the oil belongs to the "linum-type", like most other types of flax. With a low content of saturated acids (palmitic 6.7% and stearic 2.8%) and a significant predominance of unsaturated acids, especially linolenic up to 64%. It was revealed that this species has a dense non-cracking capsule. This trait is unusual for other flax varieties. Most annual and perennial species are characterized by moderate to severe cracking. Cultivated flax has a non-cracking boll, but not a hard one that breaks easily. It was found that less organic matter and more ash elements accumulate in the capsules and seeds of L. pubescens than in other species of the genus Linum. Probably, this feature, together with non-cracking, helps to better preserve fruits in difficult natural conditions and preserves seed germination for a long time. According to A.A. Zhuchenko, plant genetic resources are divided into six groups. At this stage, L. pubescen is classified as a wild weed relative. It was proposed to include L. pubescens in breeding work to create ornamental varieties in order to transfer it to the improved germplasm group in the future.

Fogak morfológiai és metrikus jellegzetességeinek vizsgálata marosvásárhelyi középkori leleteken és a jelenkori helyi populáció körében

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (30) ◽  
pp. 1235-1240
Author(s):  
Csaba Dudás ◽  
Bernadette Kerekes-Máthé ◽  
Mária Henrietta Gábor ◽  
I. Krisztina Mártha ◽  
Szilárd Sándor Gál
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Morphological Form ◽  
Contemporary Group ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Dental Models

Abstract: Introduction: Teeth, as an integral part of human organism, are not exceptions from the physical anthropology changes caused by biological evolution and the way of living. Different stress factors and the natural selection are contributing to the emphasis of certain morphological characteristics. Aim: Comparison of dental metric characteristics and the presence of accessory tooth cusps between human remains from the Middle Ages and dental study models of today’s patients. Material and method: Morphological characteristics of 132 teeth from 19 skulls and 694 teeth on dental models of 30 patients were examined. The mesiodistal, incisivocervical and buccolingual diameters of crowns were measured by a validated 2D image analysis method. Carabelli and talon cusps were also examined using a magnifying glass. Results: Statistically significant differences between the size of the 14th-century and the present-day teeth were found in some of the teeth groups. In medieval artifacts, lateral teeth had smaller crown width than teeth measured in the contemporary population. The Carabelli cusps found in the archeological human remains belonged to grades 1 and 3 on Dahlberg scale (23.07%), while the Carabelli cusps observed in the contemporary group belonged to grades 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 (50.90%). Talon cusp occurred only once in the contemporary group. Conclusion: In case of the contemporary teeth, the Carabelli cusps appeared in a more pronounced morphological form and with a higher frequency, which emphasizes the European origin of today’s population. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(30): 1235–1240.

scholarly journals RNA-Seq Analysis of Plant Maturity in Crested Wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.)

Genes ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangqin Zeng ◽  
Bill Biligetu ◽  
Bruce Coulman ◽  
Michael Schellenberg ◽  
Yong-Bi Fu
Keyword(s):  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Plant Maturity

PRODUCTIVITY AND DURABILITY OF CRESTED WHEATGRASS IN SOUTHEASTERN ALBERTA

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Smoliak ◽  
A. Johnston ◽  
L. E. Lutwick
Keyword(s):  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Mixed Prairie

Productivity and durability of 29- to 38-year-old stands of crested wheatgrass, Agropyron cristatum Gaertn., were assessed. Crested wheatgrass consistently outyielded the grass and sedge component of Mixed Prairie native range vegetation by a ratio that ranged from 12.42 to 1.08. Analysis of soils showed that exhaustion of N was not a factor in persistence of stands. The data indicated that, in the study area, seeded stands of crested wheatgrass became a permanent part of the vegetation and that yield was dependent mainly on current rainfall.

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