scholarly journals A „szabad” nukleinsavak jelentősége a noninvazív diagnosztikában

2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (48) ◽  
pp. 1900-1909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bálint Nagy ◽  
Zoltán Csanádi ◽  
Róbert Póka
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Role ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
New Generation

There is a great interest to determine the physiological role of “free” nucleic acids, and to use them in the clinical diagnostics. These could be DNA, mRNA, microRNA and long non-coding RNA molecules, they are in the body fluids, like serum, tear, saliva, etc. Their exact role in the normal and pathological physiological processes is still in the focus of the research, while their use in the diagnostics is becoming more and more important. The use of „free” DNA in the non-invasive prenatal diagnosis is the first clinical application of the new generation sequencers, these methods are able to reach 99.9% specificity and sensitivity for the detection of the most common trisomies. There are promising results in their use in the diagnosis and classification of heart and cardiovascular diseases. In oncology the possibility to use the “liquid biopsy” captured the attention of not only researchers and clinicians, but the whole community. There is not enough data until today for the clinical utility and applicability of these methods. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(48), 1900–1909.

scholarly journals Non-invasive diagnostics in fossils - Magnetic Resonance Imaging of pathological belemnites

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mietchen ◽  
H. Keupp ◽  
B. Manz ◽  
F. Volke
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Invasive Diagnostics

Abstract. For more than a decade, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been routinely employed in clinical diagnostics because it allows non-invasive studies of anatomical structures and physiological processes in vivo and to differentiate between healthy and pathological states, particularly of soft tissue. Here, we demonstrate that MRI can likewise be applied to fossilized biological samples and help in elucidating paleopathological and paleoecological questions: Five anomalous guards of Jurassic and Cretaceous belemnites are presented along with putative paleopathological diagnoses directly derived from 3D MR images with microscopic resolution. Syn vivo deformities of both the mineralized internal rostrum and the surrounding former soft tissue can be traced back in part to traumatic events of predator-prey-interactions, and partly to parasitism. Besides, evidence is presented that the frequently observed anomalous apical collar might be indicative of an inflammatory disease. These findings highlight the potential of Magnetic Resonance techniques for further paleontological applications.

scholarly journals On the influence of external environmental factors on the excretion of water by the kidneys

1929 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1020-1029
Author(s):  
G. S. Belenky
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Excretory Function ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Conditions Of Work ◽  
Work And Life

More and more facts of the influence of the environment on the physiological processes of the body are accumulating at our disposal. The interaction between the environment and the activity of the entire nervous system (including the vegetative one), the activity of the cardiovascular system, digestive function, external and internal secretion, basic metabolism, etc. can be considered to a certain extent elucidated. We are interested in the question of the influence of the external environment on the activity of a healthy kidney, because this influence has to be taken into account already for practical reasons: 1) for preventive purposes, in order to be able to commensurate the strength and ability of the kidney to carry out its most important excretory function for the body with the load that in her daily work she receives from the external environment, from the conditions of work and life of her bearer, 2) for the purpose of clinical diagnostics when using, for example, a water sample, and also 3) in order to achieve the greatest effect of balneological drinking therapy.

scholarly journals Definition and review on a category of long non-coding RNA: Atherosclerosis-associated circulating lncRNA (ASCLncRNA)

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10001
Author(s):  
Shanshan Lu ◽  
Qin Liang ◽  
Yanqing Huang ◽  
Fanming Meng ◽  
Junwen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Apoptotic Bodies ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Atherosclerosis (AS) is one of the most common cardiovascular system diseases which seriously affects public health in modern society. Finding potential biomarkers in the complicated pathological progression of AS is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of AS. Studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can be widely involved in the regulation of many physiological processes, and have important roles in different stages of AS formation. LncRNAs can be secreted into the circulatory system through exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Recently, increasing studies have been focused on the relationships between circulating lncRNAs and AS development. The lncRNAs in circulating blood are expected to be new non-invasive diagnostic markers for monitoring the progression of AS. We briefly reviewed the previously reported lncRNA transcripts which related to AS development and detectable in circulating blood, including ANRIL, SENCR, CoroMarker, LIPCAR, HIF1α-AS1, LncRNA H19, APPAT, KCNQ1OT1, LncPPARδ, LincRNA-p21, MALAT1, MIAT, and UCA1. Further researches and a definition of atherosclerosis-associated circulating lncRNA (ASCLncRNA) were also discussed.

scholarly journals MICRORNA: ROLE IN GH-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA PATHOGENESIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Lutsenko ◽  
Z. E. Belaya ◽  
E. G. Przhiyalkovskaya ◽  
G. A. Mel'nichenko
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Non Coding Rna

MicroRNA presents small (19–25 nucleotides long) non-coding RNA molecules which regulate gene expression on post-transcriptional level. Numerous studies revealed microRNA’s important role in physiological processes. Moreover, its aberrant expression has been described in many pathological conditions including pituitary tumors. Pituitary adenomas are benign intracranial tumors with various clinical presentations depending on the type of hormone secretion. Prediction of the pituitary adenoma aggressive level and treatment response is challenging due to the lack of reliable clinical predictors or non-invasive biomarkers. MicroRNAs in body fluids could potentially be a minimally invasive biomarker for tumor diagnosis and a predictor of treatment response and prognosis. Some studies reveal that microRNA is specific for a different pituitary adenoma subtypes. In the article, we review existing evidence on microRNA expression in GH-secreting tumors and its possible involvement in pathogenesis of somatotroph tumors.

Non-invasive Biodiversified Sensors: A Modernized Screening Technology for Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (38) ◽  
pp. 4108-4120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Takke ◽  
Pravin Shende
Keyword(s):  
Biological Samples ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Minimal Sample ◽  
Early Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Detection Of Biomarkers

Background: Biological sensors revolutionize the method of diagnoses of diseases from early to final stages using the biomarkers present in the body. Biosensors are advantageous due to the involvement of minimal sample collection with improved specificity and sensitivity for the detection of biomarkers. Methods: Conventional biopsies restrict problems like patient non-compliance, cross-infection and high cost and to overcome these issues biological samples like saliva, sweat, urine, tears and sputum progress into clinical and diagnostic research for the development of non-invasive biosensors. This article covers various non-invasive measurements of biological samples, optical-based, mass-based, wearable and smartphone-based biosensors for the detection of cancer. Results: The demand for non-invasive, rapid and economic analysis techniques escalated due to the modernization of the introduction of self-diagnostics and miniature forms of devices. Biosensors have high sensitivity and specificity for whole cells, microorganisms, enzymes, antibodies, and genetic materials. Conclusion: Biosensors provide a reliable early diagnosis of cancer, which results in faster therapeutic outcomes with in-depth fundamental understanding of the disease progression.

scholarly journals MicroRNA as a Novel Biomarker in the Diagnosis of Head and Neck Cancer

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 844
Author(s):  
Jacek Kabzinski ◽  
Monika Maczynska ◽  
Ireneusz Majsterek
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Potential Use

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, with 890,000 new cases and 450,000 deaths in 2018, and although the survival statistics for some patient groups are improving, there is still an urgent need to find a fast and reliable biomarker that allows early diagnosis. This niche can be filled by microRNA, small single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules, which are expressed in response to specific events in the body. This article presents the potential use of microRNAs in the diagnosis of HNSCC, compares the advances in this field to other diseases, especially other cancers, and discusses the detailed use of miRNA as a biomarker in profiling and predicting the treatment outcome with radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Potential problems and difficulties related to the development of this promising technology, and areas on which future research should be focused in order to overcome these difficulties, were also indicated.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs in Prion Diseases—From Molecular Mechanisms to Insights in Translational Medicine

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1620
Author(s):  
Danyel Fernandes Contiliani ◽  
Yasmin de Araújo Ribeiro ◽  
Vitor Nolasco de Moraes ◽  
Tiago Campos Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Prion Proteins ◽  
Prion Diseases ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Interesting Alternative

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules able to post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression via base-pairing with partially complementary sequences of target transcripts. Prion diseases comprise a singular group of neurodegenerative conditions caused by endogenous, misfolded pathogenic (prion) proteins, associated with molecular aggregates. In humans, classical prion diseases include Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, fatal familial insomnia, Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome, and kuru. The aim of this review is to present the connections between miRNAs and prions, exploring how the interaction of both molecular actors may help understand the susceptibility, onset, progression, and pathological findings typical of such disorders, as well as the interface with some prion-like disorders, such as Alzheimer’s. Additionally, due to the inter-regulation of prions and miRNAs in health and disease, potential biomarkers for non-invasive miRNA-based diagnostics, as well as possible miRNA-based therapies to restore the levels of deregulated miRNAs on prion diseases, are also discussed. Since a cure or effective treatment for prion disorders still pose challenges, miRNA-based therapies emerge as an interesting alternative strategy to tackle such defying medical conditions.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Animal Health and Welfare in Livestock

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Miretti ◽  
Cristina Lecchi ◽  
Fabrizio Ceciliani ◽  
Mario Baratta
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Extracellular Environment

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small and highly conserved non-coding RNA molecules that orchestrate a wide range of biological processes through the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. An intriguing aspect in identifying these molecules as biomarkers is derived from their role in cell-to-cell communication, their active secretion from cells into the extracellular environment, their high stability in body fluids, and their ease of collection. All these features confer on miRNAs the potential to become a non-invasive tool to score animal welfare. There is growing interest in the importance of miRNAs as biomarkers for assessing the welfare of livestock during metabolic, environmental, and management stress, particularly in ruminants, pigs, and poultry. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge regarding the potential use of tissue and/or circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for the assessment of the health and welfare status in these livestock species.

MicroRNA: A Potential Diagnosis for Male Infertility

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedighe Forouhari ◽  
Elahe Mahmoudi ◽  
Esmat Safdarian ◽  
Zahra Beygi ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Gheibi hayat
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Mirna Regulation ◽  
Transcriptional Gene Silence ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Regulation Changes

Abstract:: Male infertility is one of the major global health problems, in particular, in more than half of the affected men. Genetic factors are important for identifying men with idiopathic infertility along with semen analysis. Valid and useful information can be obtained through non-invasive molecular research. Among these, small single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules of microRNAs (abbreviated miRNAs) are non-invasive biomarkers with a diagnostic value by regulating the post-transcriptional gene silence through repression and prevention of the translation process. The association between various types of male infertility and miRNA regulation changes has been evaluated to understand the biological function of miRNA and gene targets. Accordingly, further study of the function of miRNAs associated with reproductive disorders could lead researchers to further understand the molecular mechanisms of male infertility in order to find effective biomarkers and therapeutic strategies. Therefore, the present review article aimed at scrutinizing those researches investigating the altered miRNA expression in testicles, epididymis, and spermatozoa.

scholarly journals Role of microRNAs in the molecular diagnosis of cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Giglio ◽  
Andrea Vecchione
Keyword(s):  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Tumor Types ◽  
Cycle Regulation

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved, endogenous, small non-coding RNA molecules of about 22 nucleotides in length that function as posttranscriptional gene regulators. They are involved in numerous cellular processes including development, cell differentiation, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. There is increasing evidence to show that miRNAs are mutated or differentially expressed in many types of cancer and specific functions of the miRNAs are now becoming apparent. Here we discuss the current literature on potential usefulness of miRNAs as diagnostic markers, emphasizing the involvement of specific miRNAs in particular tumor types, highlighting their potential role in distinguishing benign from malignant tissues and/or the different subtypes of the same tumor and/or in diagnosis and classification of tumor of unknown origin.

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