scholarly journals MICRORNA: ROLE IN GH-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA PATHOGENESIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Lutsenko ◽  
Z. E. Belaya ◽  
E. G. Przhiyalkovskaya ◽  
G. A. Mel'nichenko
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Non Coding Rna

MicroRNA presents small (19–25 nucleotides long) non-coding RNA molecules which regulate gene expression on post-transcriptional level. Numerous studies revealed microRNA’s important role in physiological processes. Moreover, its aberrant expression has been described in many pathological conditions including pituitary tumors. Pituitary adenomas are benign intracranial tumors with various clinical presentations depending on the type of hormone secretion. Prediction of the pituitary adenoma aggressive level and treatment response is challenging due to the lack of reliable clinical predictors or non-invasive biomarkers. MicroRNAs in body fluids could potentially be a minimally invasive biomarker for tumor diagnosis and a predictor of treatment response and prognosis. Some studies reveal that microRNA is specific for a different pituitary adenoma subtypes. In the article, we review existing evidence on microRNA expression in GH-secreting tumors and its possible involvement in pathogenesis of somatotroph tumors.

scholarly journals MiR-29a: a potential therapeutic target and promising biomarker in tumors

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-yan Wang ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Dan-dan Wang ◽  
Wei Yan ◽  
Huan-huan Sha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Additional Insight ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

MiRNAs, small non-coding RNA molecules, were recognized to be associated with the incidence and development of diverse neoplasms. MiRNAs were small non-coding RNAs that could regulate post-transcriptional level by binding to 3′-UTR of target mRNAs. Amongst which, miR-29a was demonstrated that it had significant impact on oncogenicity in various neoplasms through binding to critical genes which enhanced or inhibited the progression of cancers. MiR-29a participated in kinds of physiological and pathological processes, including virus replication, cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, fibrosis, angiogenesis, tumorigenicity, metastasis, drug-resistance, and so on. According to its sufficient sensitivity and specificity, many studies showed that miR-29a might serve as a potential therapeutic target and promising biomarker in various tumors. In this review, we discussed the functions of miR-29a and its potential application in the diagnosis, treatment and stages of carcinoma, which could provide additional insight to develop a novel therapeutic strategy.

MicroRNAs in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes: new research progress and future direction

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenggui Miao ◽  
Guoxue Zhang ◽  
Zhongwen Xie ◽  
Jun Chang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Elevated Glucose ◽  
Modulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
New Research

miRNA is a short non-coding RNA that can influence mRNA processing at the post-transcriptional level. A large number of miRNAs have been found in virtually all species so far, and these small molecules play an important role in many different physiological processes and various pathologic conditions, such as cell metabolism, cancer, autoimmune disease, and diabetes mellitus. T2D arises from a dysregulated response to the elevated glucose level in the circulation. The prevalence of T2D has increased dramatically in all age groups, and T2D in older adults is associated with more T2D complications and higher mortality. Despite the existing findings describing the pathological mechanism, T2D pathology is more complex and the pathophysiology of the disease is still not fully elucidated. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of miRNA-mediated modulation of gene expression in T2D pathogenesis, as well as related signaling pathways, and insight into the important role of miRNA in various T2D complications. Furthermore, the potential therapeutic value of miRNA for T2D patients is also discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Bio Immune(G)ene Medicine and the Use of miRNAs to Regulate the Cell

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Collateral Damage ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
The Past ◽  
Needed Information ◽  
Non Coding Rna

MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are a type of non-coding RNA molecules that regulate the gene expression in a negative way, by downregulating the gene expression mainly at the post-transcriptional level, either by the mRNA degradation process or the inhibition of the translation. The role that many miRNAs play in the pathogenesis of several diseases is well known, such as in the inflammation process, in several steps of the oncogenesis or the metabolism of several virus and bacteria among many others. One of the main limitations in the therapeutic use of miRNAs is the ability to reach the target, as well as doing so without causing any collateral damage. One microRNA can indeed regulate up to 200 target-genes, and one gene can be influenced by a lot of different microRNAs. This is the purpose of the Bio Immune(G)ene Medicine: to achieve the cell without harm, use all the molecular resources available, especially epigenetic with the microRNAs, and to restore the cell homeostasis. The Bio Immune(G)ene Medicine only seeks to play a regulatory biomimetic role, to give the cell the needed information for its own right regulation. Our experience in cell regulation for the past few years has shown the way to fight, for instance, against the deleterious effects of viruses or bacteria in the lymphocytes, also at the background of many autoimmune or allergic diseases, as well as to regulate many other pathological processes. To fulfil this purpose, nanobiotechnology is used to reach the targets; we thus introduce very low doses of miRNAs in nano compounds with the aim to promote the regulation of the main signalling pathways disturbed in a given pathology.

scholarly journals Integrated microRNA and mRNA signatures associated with overall survival in epithelial ovarian cancer

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0255142
Author(s):  
Joanna Lopacinska-Jørgensen ◽  
Douglas V. N. P. Oliveira ◽  
Guy Wayne Novotny ◽  
Claus K. Høgdall ◽  
Estrid V. Høgdall
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Clear Cell ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Target Prediction ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Microarray Profiling

Ovarian cancer (OC), the eighth-leading cause of cancer-related death among females worldwide, is mainly represented by epithelial OC (EOC) that can be further subdivided into four subtypes: serous (75%), endometrioid (10%), clear cell (10%), and mucinous (3%). Major reasons for high mortality are the poor biological understanding of the OC mechanisms and a lack of reliable markers defining each EOC subtype. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression primarily by targeting messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts. Their aberrant expression patterns have been associated with cancer development, including OC. However, the role of miRNAs in tumorigenesis is still to be determined, mainly due to the lack of consensus regarding optimal methodologies for identification and validation of miRNAs and their targets. Several tools for computational target prediction exist, but false interpretations remain a problem. The experimental validation of every potential miRNA-mRNA pair is not feasible, as it is laborious and expensive. In this study, we analyzed the correlation between global miRNA and mRNA expression patterns derived from microarray profiling of 197 EOC patients to identify the signatures of miRNA-mRNA interactions associated with overall survival (OS). The aim was to investigate whether these miRNA-mRNA signatures might have a prognostic value for OS in different subtypes of EOC. The content of our cohort (162 serous carcinomas, 15 endometrioid carcinomas, 11 mucinous carcinomas, and 9 clear cell carcinomas) reflects a real-world scenario of EOC. Several interaction pairs between 6 miRNAs (hsa-miR-126-3p, hsa-miR-223-3p, hsa-miR-23a-5p, hsa-miR-27a-5p, hsa-miR-486-5p, and hsa-miR-506-3p) and 8 mRNAs (ATF3, CH25H, EMP1, HBB, HBEGF, NAMPT, POSTN, and PROCR) were identified and the findings appear to be well supported by the literature. This indicates that our study has a potential to reveal miRNA-mRNA signatures relevant for EOC. Thus, the evaluation on independent cohorts will further evaluate the performance of such findings.

scholarly journals A „szabad” nukleinsavak jelentősége a noninvazív diagnosztikában

2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (48) ◽  
pp. 1900-1909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bálint Nagy ◽  
Zoltán Csanádi ◽  
Róbert Póka
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Role ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
New Generation

There is a great interest to determine the physiological role of “free” nucleic acids, and to use them in the clinical diagnostics. These could be DNA, mRNA, microRNA and long non-coding RNA molecules, they are in the body fluids, like serum, tear, saliva, etc. Their exact role in the normal and pathological physiological processes is still in the focus of the research, while their use in the diagnostics is becoming more and more important. The use of „free” DNA in the non-invasive prenatal diagnosis is the first clinical application of the new generation sequencers, these methods are able to reach 99.9% specificity and sensitivity for the detection of the most common trisomies. There are promising results in their use in the diagnosis and classification of heart and cardiovascular diseases. In oncology the possibility to use the “liquid biopsy” captured the attention of not only researchers and clinicians, but the whole community. There is not enough data until today for the clinical utility and applicability of these methods. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(48), 1900–1909.

scholarly journals MiR-155: An Important Regulator of Neuroinflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Valeria Domenica Zingale ◽  
Agnese Gugliandolo ◽  
Emanuela Mazzon
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Mirnas Expression

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and that play an important role in many cellular processes, including modulation of inflammation. MiRNAs are present in high concentrations in the central nervous system (CNS) and are spatially and temporally expressed in a specific way. Therefore, an imbalance in the expression pattern of these small molecules can be involved in the development of neurological diseases. Generally, CNS responds to damage or disease through the activation of an inflammatory response, but many neurological disorders are characterized by uncontrolled neuroinflammation. Many studies support the involvement of miRNAs in the activation or inhibition of inflammatory signaling and in the promotion of uncontrolled neuroinflammation with pathological consequences. MiR-155 is a pro-inflammatory mediator of the CNS and plays an important regulatory role. The purpose of this review is to summarize how miR-155 is regulated and the pathological consequences of its deregulation during neuroinflammatory disorders, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease and other neuroinflammatory disorders. Modulation of miRNAs’ expression could be used as a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of pathological neuroinflammation.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs: The Role in Autoimmune Inflammation

Acta Naturae ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Baulina ◽  
O. G. Kulakova ◽  
O. O. Favorova
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Autoimmune Inflammation ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Human Genes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Significant Disease ◽  
Antibody Secretion

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level through base-pairing predominantly with a 3-untranslated region of target mRNA, followed by mRNA degradation or translational repression. Totally, miRNAs change, through a complex regulatory network, the expression of more than 60% of human genes. MiRNAs are key regulators of the immune response that affect maturation, proliferation, differentiation, and activation of immune cells, as well as antibody secretion and release of inflammatory mediators. Disruption of this regulation may lead to the development of various pathological conditions, including autoimmune inflammation. This review summarizes the data on biogenesis and the mechanisms of miRNA action. We discuss the role of miRNAs in the development and the action of the immune system, as well as in the development of an autoimmune inflammatory response. Special attention is given to the role of miRNAs in the autoimmune inflammation in multiple sclerosis, which is a serious socially significant disease of the central nervous system. Currently, a lot of research is focused on this problem.

Expression profile of MicroRNA: An Emerging Hallmark of Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 642-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uzma Zaheer ◽  
Muhammed Faheem ◽  
Ishtiaq Qadri ◽  
Nargis Begum ◽  
Hadi M. Yassine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Messenger Rnas ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Prognostic Utility ◽  
Additional Level ◽  
The Stability

MicroRNA (miRNAs), a class of small, endogenous non-coding RNA molecules of about 21-24 nucleotides in length, have unraveled a new modulatory network of RNAs that form an additional level of posttranscriptional gene regulation by targeting messenger RNAs (mRNAs). These miRNAs possess the ability to regulate gene expression by modulating the stability of mRNAs, controlling their translation rates, and consequently regulating protein synthesis. Substantial experimental evidence established the involvement of miRNAs in most biological processes like growth, differentiation, development, and metabolism in mammals including humans. An aberrant expression of miRNAs has been implicated in several pathologies, including cancer. The association of miRNAs with tumor growth, development, and metastasis depicts their potential as effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Furthermore, exploitation of the role of different miRNAs as oncogenes or tumor suppressors has aided in designing several miRNA-based therapeutic approaches for treating cancer patients whose clinical trials are underway. In this review, we aim to summarize the biogenesis of miRNAs and the dysregulations in these pathways that result in various pathologies and in some cases, resistance to drug treatment. We provide a detailed review of the miRNA expression signatures in different cancers along with their diagnostic and prognostic utility. Furthermore, we elaborate on the potential employment of miRNAs to enhance cancer cell apoptosis, regress tumor progression and even overcome miRNA-induced drug resistance.

scholarly journals The Regulatory Role of MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Yi Loh ◽  
Brendan P. Norman ◽  
Kok-Song Lai ◽  
Nik Mohd Afizan Nik Abd. Rahman ◽  
Noorjahan Banu Mohamed Alitheen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Messenger Rnas ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Current State ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
State Of Research

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules which function as critical post-transcriptional gene regulators of various biological functions. Generally, miRNAs negatively regulate gene expression by binding to their selective messenger RNAs (mRNAs), thereby leading to either mRNA degradation or translational repression, depending on the degree of complementarity with target mRNA sequences. Aberrant expression of these miRNAs has been linked etiologically with various human diseases including breast cancer. Different cellular pathways of breast cancer development such as cell proliferation, apoptotic response, metastasis, cancer recurrence and chemoresistance are regulated by either the oncogenic miRNA (oncomiR) or tumor suppressor miRNA (tsmiR). In this review, we highlight the current state of research into miRNA involved in breast cancer, with particular attention to articles published between the years 2000 to 2019, using detailed searches of the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The post-transcriptional gene regulatory roles of various dysregulated miRNAs in breast cancer and their potential as therapeutic targets are also discussed.

scholarly journals Immunological Involvement of MicroRNAs in the Key Events of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingxuan Chi ◽  
Kuai Ma ◽  
Yunlong Li ◽  
Min Quan ◽  
Zhongyu Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Autoantibody Production ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Human Genes

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an archetype autoimmune disease characterized by a myriad of immunoregulatory abnormalities that drives injury to multiple tissues and organs. Due to the involvement of various immune cells, inflammatory cytokines, and related signaling pathways, researchers have spent a great deal of effort to clarify the complex etiology and pathogenesis of SLE. Nevertheless, current understanding of the pathogenesis of SLE is still in the early stages, and available nonspecific treatment options for SLE patients remain unsatisfactory. First discovered in 1993, microRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that control the expression of 1/3 of human genes at the post-transcriptional level and play various roles in gene regulation. The aberrant expression of miRNAs in SLE patients has been intensively studied, and further studies have suggested that these miRNAs may be potentially relevant to abnormal immune responses and disease progression in SLE. The aim of this review was to summarize the specific miRNAs that have been observed aberrantly expressed in several important pathogenetic processes in SLE, such as DCs abnormalities, overactivation and autoantibody production of B cells, aberrant activation of CD4+ T cells, breakdown of immune tolerance, and abnormally increased production of inflammatory cytokines. Our summary highlights a novel perspective on the intricate regulatory network of SLE, which helps to enrich our understanding of this disorder and ignite future interest in evaluating the molecular regulation of miRNAs in autoimmunity SLE.

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