scholarly journals Similarities among small watercourses based on multiparameter physico-chemical measurements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Máté Krisztián Kardos ◽  
Adrienne Clement
Keyword(s):  
Human Impact ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Physico Chemical

Abstract With the introduction of the Water Framework Directive, the relative importance of smaller waterways increased. This statement is particularly true for Hungary, where water-quality monitoring of most smaller rivers only began 12 years ago. Due to their large number, and the lack of historical data concerning their state, systematic monitoring is a challenge. In the current study, 101 creeks are characterized on the one hand by 13 physico-chemical quality parameters (pH, electric conductivity, chloride ion concentration, dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, ammonium nitrogen, total inorganic nitrogen, total nitrogen, orthophosphate and total phosphorus), on the other hand by their watershed's relief, land use, and point sources' pollution indicators. Euclidean distance between water bodies (henceforth WBs) is calculated according to normalized physico-chemical monitoring values. They are grouped into clusters using the hierarchical clustering method. Watershed characteristics are used to explain the clustering via linear discriminant analysis. The investigation revealed that the main driver of cluster group creation is related to human impact: diffuse agricultural and point-source pollution. The first of the three clusters involved water bodies with low or no human impact; the second cluster contained those with medium-level anthropogenic disturbance, while waters with high pollution values formed the third cluster. Mean distance between heavily polluted waters was 1.5 times higher than that between those showing no or low disturbance, meaning that pristine waters are more similar to one another than polluted ones. The current number of samples per river is twice as high in cluster 1 as in cluster 3, revealing that there is room for optimization of the monitoring system. This contribution uses Hungary as a case study.

scholarly journals Spatial and Monthly Changes in Interstitial Water Physico-Chemistry of Bodo Creek

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
D. K. Nkeeh ◽  
A. I. Hart ◽  
E. S. Erondu ◽  
N. Zabbey
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Level

Water plays a key role in the survival, growth and reproduction of aquatic organisms. Therefore maintaining good quality of water physico-chemical parameters would ensure optimum productivity of aquatic fauna. The study evaluated water physical and chemical parameters (temperature, hydrogen ion concentration (pH), conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of Bodo Creek. Sample was collected for 5 months (July 2020 – November 2020) at locations previously studied (before-spill baseline studies, 3 years, 5 years, and 7 years after-spill); by using the sampling methods used in previous studies. Spatially, there was no statistically significant difference in temperature (p > 0.05 = 0.997), pH (p > 0.05 = 0.496), DO (p > 0.05= 0.34) and BOD (p > 0.05 = 0.644). However, the difference in conductivity between the stations was statistically significant (p < 0.05 = 0.006). On monthly basis, there was a significant difference in temperature (p < 0.05 = 0.000) and pH (p < 0.05 = 0.005). In contrast, there was no statistically significant difference in conductivity (p > 0.05 = 0.633), DO (p > 0.05 = 0.559) and BOD (p > 0.05 = 0.75). Most of the physico-chemical parameters were not within the WHO recommended levels for the survival of aquatic lives, indicating a high level of environmental pollution in Bodo Creek. This study provides dataset for future evaluation of the water physico-chemistry of Bodo Creek.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical and bacteriological characterisation of surface water in Bamenda (North West Cameroon)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Magha Mufur ◽  
Margaret Tita Awah ◽  
Gus Djibril Kouankap Nono ◽  
Primus Azinwi Tamfuh ◽  
Pierre Wotchoko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Water Type ◽  
North West ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The City

AbstractThe Mezam River and its tributaries constitute a prominent water source for domestic use and vegetable irrigation in Bamenda Town (North West Cameroon). The river flows through the city and is thus vulnerable to impairment by substances from point and non-point sources. This current research aims to assess the degree of pollution of the Mezam River water to ascertain its suitability for various uses. A total of 24 water samples were collected from six segments of the Mezam River basin in the dry and rainy seasons during the years 2015 and 2016 in view of physico-chemical and bacteriological analyses. In situ measurement of physical parameters was taken in the field. The data were analysed by multivariate statistical techniques (principal component analysis and factor analysis). The results revealed that the river water is slightly acidic (pH = 5.45–6.47) and ion concentration is low (41.67–237.00 µS/cm). The water type is Ca-SO4 and Ca-Mg-(Cl + NO3) in the dry season and Ca-Mg-SO4 in the rainy season. High NO3− values (50 mg/l) are recorded at Nkimefueh. The Mezam River water is heavily polluted with indicator bacteria (0–500 CFU/100 ml) whose concentrations steadily increase from the reference point (YB) through sampling points in the city centre, suggesting the influence of human-induced activities. The population is urged to adopt a responsible behaviour towards waste disposal and refrain from disposing waste in water courses in order to safeguard the aquatic environment and also protect the health of the population.

A comparative treatment of bleaching wastewater by physicochemical processes

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 2367-2379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninad Oke ◽  
Swati Singh ◽  
Anurag Garg
Keyword(s):  
Mixing Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Chlorinated Organic Compounds ◽  
H2o2 Treatment ◽  
Toc Removal

Abstract The bleaching effluent discharged from a pulp and paper mill contains chlorinated organic compounds which are toxic to living matter. Physicochemical treatments such as coagulation and different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were employed for combined bleaching effluent generated from the first two stages (i.e. chlorination and alkali extraction) (pH = 3.5, chemical oxygen demand (COD) = 1,920 mg/L, and total organic carbon (TOC) = 663 mg/L). At optimum conditions (pH = 7.5, polyaluminium chloride (PAC) dose = 3.84 g/L and slow mixing time = 25 min), ∼68% removal in UV254 and ∼23% TOC removal was obtained during coagulation. Among various AOPs, UV/Fe2+/TiO2/H2O2 system showed the highest TOC and COD removals (∼78%) after 2 h duration (Fe2+:H2O2 molar ratio = 1:100). After the AOP process, chloride ion concentration and biodegradability of the treated wastewater was increased to 2,762 mg/L and 0.46 from an initial value of 2,131 mg/L and 0.29, respectively. The wastewater and sludge analysis showed oxidation and adsorption as the major mechanisms for organics removal. Upon reuse of the regenerated catalysts, TOC removal was reduced significantly. It was found that three times more sludge per unit TOC removal was generated after coagulation in comparison to that produced after UV/Fe2+/TiO2/H2O2 treatment.

scholarly journals Coordination properties of Palladium(II) complex taken as a model of an antitumour agent with some selected amino acids, peptides and DNA constituents

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 2046-2055
Author(s):  
Ayser Al-Allousi ◽  
Perihan A. Khalf-Alla ◽  
Safaa S. Hassan ◽  
Mohamed M. Shoukry
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Formation Constant ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Disodium Salt ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Dna Constituents ◽  
Chemical Measurements ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Antitumour Agent

Pd(DHP)Cl2 complex ( DHP = 1,3-diamino-2-hydroxopropane ), was synthesized and characterized by physico-chemical measurements. The coordination of [Pd(DHP) (H2O)2]2+ with some selected bio-relevant ligands as phenylglycine, phenylalanine, lysine, valine, ethanolamine, glycineamide, glycylphenylalanine, glycylleucine, inosine, guanosine and inosine-5’-monophosphate disodium salt was investigated.Stoichiometry and stability constants of the complexes formed are reported at 25 0C and 0.1M ionic strength. The results show the formation of 1:1 complexes with amino acids. DNA constituents form 1:1 and 1:2 complexes. Peptides form both 1:1 complexes and the coresponding deprotonated amide species. The effect of chloride ion concentration on the formation constant of inosine, taken as a representaive ofDNA constituents, complex with Pd(DHP)2+ was reported.

Photochemical degradation of 4-chlorophenol in the aqueous phase using peroxyacetic acid (PAA)

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mausumi Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Dhiraj P. Daswat
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Uv Spectrophotometry ◽  
Photochemical Degradation ◽  
Peroxyacetic Acid ◽  
Residual Concentration

The photochemical degradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) using ultraviolet irradiation (UV) of 6, 12 and 18 W with peroxyacetic acid (PAA) was studied in a batch reactor. The objective of this work was to investigate degradation and mineralization of 4-CP by PAA. The degradation efficiency increased with increasing UV input. The degradation process was also pH and initial PAA concentration dependent. The optimum conditions for the photochemical degradation of 4-CP as UV input, pH and PAA concentration was found to be 18 W, 9.5 and 3,040 ppm. The reaction efficiency decreased with increasing initial 4-CP concentrations. More than 95% mineralization of 4-CP was achieved with the UV/PAA process. The chloride ion concentration and chemical oxygen demand (COD) was evaluated. The chloride ion concentration and COD were decreased gradually with increasing UV input. Samples were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), UV spectrophotometry and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for residual concentration and identification of final degraded products.

scholarly journals The research on the control of chlorinated by-products by the combined process of three-dimensional electrode system and ultraviolet-photocatalytic oxidation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Hong Liang ◽  
Kaibin Zhang ◽  
Hong Huang ◽  
Qingchun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
By Products

Abstract Advanced oxidation technology is considered to be the most potential wastewater treatment technology. As one of the advanced oxidation technologies, three-dimensional electrochemical system (3DES) is often used to treat industrial wastewater that is difficult to degrade. Sulphonated phenolic resin (SMP) was treated as a characteristic pollutant in sulfonated drilling wastewater. The separate effect of current, the dosage of particle electrodes, chloride ion concentration and initial pH on chlorinated by-products were analyzed by the response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that the current is the most dominant factor, followed by the dosage of particle electrodes. The ultraviolet-electrolysis (UVEL) system was implemented by adding ultraviolet light under the optimal electrolysis (EL) system. The chemical oxygen demand (CODcr) and total organic carbon (TOC) removal rates of the UVEL system were respectively increased by 19% and 29.39% compared with the EL system, the concentration of chlorinated by-products was also reduced by 534.4 mg/L when the UV irradiance was 5.24 mW/cm2. These results indicated that the UVEL system degrades SMP more thoroughly. The enhanced reaction mechanism of UVEL system and the possible degradation pathway for SMP were proposed via controlling free radical quenching experiments and the product of EL and UVEL processes. The results showed that the high degradation efficiency of the UVEL system can be attributed to the synergistic degradation mechanism present in the UVEL system, where the photolysis of active chlorine species (ACl) promotes the increase of hydroxyl radical (·OH).

scholarly journals Biotreatment of industrial tannery wastewater using Botryosphaeria rhodina

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Hasegawa ◽  
Aneli Barbosa ◽  
Keiko Takashima
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Tannery Wastewater ◽  
Botryosphaeria Rhodina ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Almost All

The treatment of a tannery wastewater was performed on the laboratory scale using the ascomyceteous fungus Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05, a ligninolytic and a constitutive producer of laccases (EC: 1.10.3.2). The wastewater samples were collected in the retanning and dyeing steps and presented high values of chemical oxygen demand, COD, (15,023 ? 60.0 mg L-1), fifth-day biochemical oxygen demand, BOD5, (4,374 ? 0.1 mg L-1), total solids (28,500 ? 2.0 mg L-1), total organic carbon, TOC, (4,685 mg L-1), and chloride ion concentration (2,911 ? 0.3 mg L-1). The fungus was inoculated and after five days under agitation at 180 rpm at 28?C, the COD was reduced by 91%. The total organic carbon also decreased from 4,685 to 375.0 mg L-1 and the turbidity from 331.0 to 6.5 NTU, indicating that the biological treatment was efficient as the fungus consumed almost all the organic compounds present in the wastewater. It was not necessary to add an additional carbon source for the treatment, indicating that the concentration of organic compounds presented in the tannery wastewater effluent were sufficient for microorganism growth, during which the COD and TOC were reduced by about 91 and 93%, respectively.

DECOLOURIZATION AND COD REMOVAL OF WASEWATER FROM ETHANOL PRODUCTION PROCESS FROM MOLASSES BY COAGULANTION USING INORGANIC ALUM

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Trung Duc Le
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Treatment Step ◽  
Main Material

The industrial production of ethanol by fermentation using molasses as main material that generates large quantity of wastewater. This wastewater contains high levels of colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD), that may causes serious environmental pollution. Most available treatment processes in Vietnam rely on biological methods, which often fail to treat waste water up to discharge standard. As always, it was reported that quality of treated wastewater could not meet Vietnameses discharge standard. So, it is necessary to improve the treatment efficiency of whole technological process and therefore, supplemental physico-chemical treatment step before biodegradation stage should be the appropriate choice. This study was carried out to assess the effect of coagulation process on decolourization and COD removal in molasses-based ethanol production wastewater using inorganic coaglutant under laboratory conditions. The experimental results showed that the reductions of COD and colour with the utilization of Al2(SO4)3 at pH 9.5 were 83% and 70%, respectively. Mixture FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 at pH 8.5 reduced 82% of colour and 70% of COD. With the addition of Polyacrylamide (PAM), the reduction efficiencies of colour, COD and turbidity by FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 were 87%, 73.1% and 94.1% correspondingly. It was indicated that PAM significantly reduced the turbidity of wastewater, however it virtually did not increase the efficiencies of colour and COD reduction. Furthermore, the coagulation processes using PAM usually produces a mount of sludge which is hard to be deposited.

Hydro-geochemical properties with respect to landuse in the southernmost river of Kerala

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Badusha M. ◽  
Santhosh S
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Quality Of Water

The hydro geochemical features of Neyyar River for a period of one year from May 2015 to April 2016 were analyzed. Six sampling sites were fixed considering physiography and present landuse pattern of the river basin. The residents in the drainage basin are primarily responsible for framing a better landuse and thereby maintain a good water and sediment regime. Geospatial pattern of the present landuse of the study area indicated that the sustainability of this river ecosystem is in danger due to unscientific landuse practices, which is reflected in the river quality as well. The parameters such as hydrogen ion concentration, electrical conductivity, chloride, Biological Oxygen Demand, total hardness and sulphate of river water and Organic Carbon of river bed sediments were analyzed in this study. The overall analysis shows that the highland areas are characterized by better quality of water together with low organic carbon, which is mainly due to better landuse and minimal reclamation. The midland and lowland areas are characterized by poor quality of water with high organic carbon, which is due to high anthropogenic activities and maximum pollutants associated with the region together with the alteration in landuse from a traditional eco-friendly pattern to a severely polluted current pattern.

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