Contribuições para o Conhecimento de Fungos (Ascomycota) em Mauritia flexuosa L.f. e Acrocomia intumescens Drude, Brasil (Contributions to the knowledge of fungi (Ascomycota) in Mauritia flexuosa L.f. and Acrocomia intumescens Drude, Brazil)

A Mata Atlântica é um bioma conhecido pela riqueza de espécies. No entanto, pesquisas de caráter taxonômico envolvendo fungos em espécies de Arecaceae (palmeiras) ainda são limitadas, deixando uma lacuna ao conhecimento quanto à micota existente nesse domínio. Deste modo, o objetivo deste artigo foi realizar um estudo de fungos que colonizam as palmeiras Mauritia flexuosa (buriti) e Acrocomia intumescens (macaíba) em fragmentos de Mata Atlântica nos municípios de Recife, Cabo de Santo Agostinho e Tamandaré - Pernambuco. Os fungos detectados pela análise foram Capsulospora brunneispora, Didymosphaeria sp., Glonium sp., Hypoxylon monticulosum, Linocarpon verminosum, Hypocrea sp. e Botryosphaeria rhodina. Os dados obtidos, neste estudo, ampliaram o conhecimento sobre os Ascomycota associados à individuos da familia Arecaceae no Brasil. The Atlantic Forest is a biome known for its species richness. However, taxonomic studies involving fungi in Arecaceae species (palm trees) are still limited, leaving a gap to the knowledge about the existence of the mycota in this domain. Thus, the objective of this article was to study fungi that colonize Mauritia flexuosa (buriti) and Acrocomia intumescens (macaíba) palms in fragments of Atlantic Forest in Recife, Cabo de Santo Agostinho and Tamandaré – Pernambuco municipalities. The fungi detected by the analysis were Capsulospora brunneispora, Didymosphaeria sp., Glonium sp., Hypoxylon monticulosum, Linocarpon verminosum, Hypocrea sp. and Botryosphaeria rhodina. The data obtained, in this study, increased the knowledge about the Ascomycota associated to individuals of the Arecaceae family in Brazil.Keywords: Atlantic Forest, microfungi, conservation, plants.

Assessment of By-Product from Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05 as an Effective Biosorbent of Pb(II)

In this work, two types of biomass preparations (VMSM and M3) from the filamentous fungus Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05, which were previously used in a process of production of β-glucan, were assessed as biosorbents of lead. The operating conditions, optimized through response surface methodology and experimental design, were shown to be pH 5.29 and a biosorbent dose of 0.23 g/L for the VMSM biomass type; and pH 5.06 and a dose of biosorbent of 0.60 g/L for the M3 biomass type, at a constant temperature of 27 °C. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analyzed the presence of functional groups on the biomass surface. In addition to give an extra value to the by-product biomass, the VMSM-type from B. rhodina MAMB-05 showed an excellent lead biosorption capacity (qm) with a value of 403.4 mg/g for the Langmuir model, comparing favorably with literature results, while the M3 subtype biomass showed a value of 96.05 mg/g.

Laccase from Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05 as a biological component in electrochemical biosensing devices

A crude laccase preparation from Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05 was employed to construct an electrochemical biosensor using nanostructured carbon black to epinephrine determination.

EFFECTS OF CHALLENGE METHODS AND FEEDING ADDITIVES ON ANTIBODY PRODUCTION AND GROWTH INHIBITION OF THE SERUM AGAINSTSALMONELLAENTERITIDIS,S. GALLINARUM ANDS. PULLORUM IN CHICKEN

Salmonellosis in humans occurs by consumption of contaminated poultry and their products. To prevent the Salmonella infection in poultry, we investigated the maturity of peritoneal macrophages of chicks, the effect of feeding additives on the IgM and IgG levels and growth inhibition of Salmonella and egg contamination among four inoculation methods. The maximal yield of peritoneal macrophages was in 30- to 33-day-old chicks and intracellular Escherichia coli were eradicated in the macrophages of chicks aged [Formula: see text]29-days old. Fungal [Formula: see text]-glucan sources and serovars affected the IgM and IgG levels. Complement activity affected IgM measurement and the highest antibody levels were observed against S. Enteritidis compared with [Formula: see text] Pullorum/Gallinarum. Furthermore, [Formula: see text]-glucans of Schizophyllum commune and Ganodermaincreased the IgM level against three serovars, while [Formula: see text]-glucans of Ganoderma, Taiwanofungus camphoratus, and Botryosphaeria rhodina increased the IgG level against [Formula: see text] Enteritidis and S. Pullorum. In the growth inhibition, [Formula: see text]-glucans from S. commune and T. camphoratus increased the inhibition against S. Gallinarum. Supplementation with [Formula: see text]-glucan from S. commune in combination with antibiotics and/or herbal medicine or [Formula: see text]-glucan from B. rhodina inhibited the growth of S. Pullorum. Feeding with [Formula: see text]-glucans from S. commune and Cordyceps inhibited the growth of S. Enteritidis. Among cloacal, oral, intraperitoneal (IP) and intravenous (IV) inoculations, IP inoculation stimulated the maximum antibody level, while S. Enteritidis could not be eradicated from the eggs with the highest antibody level. In conclusion, additives with [Formula: see text]-glucan can be used to enhance the immune responses of young and mature chicken against Salmonella infection.