scholarly journals Beyond the first glimpse (Analysis of the economic policy in Hungary from 1998–)

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-360
Author(s):  
István Csillag
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Personal Goal ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Institutional System ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Effort ◽  
Institutional Order

AbstractThere is a sharp contradiction between the economic performance of the Hungarian government of Victor Orbán and the institutional framework (toolkit) by which the seemingly stellar performance of the Hungarian economy has been achieved. It looks like as if the economic playground of the government (disciplined fiscal policy, unorthodox monetary policy and contradictory institutional system) and political-institutional order built by the same government during the last ten years, represent two different worlds. This paper provides a possible explanation to resolve this contradiction by identifying reversed relationship between tools and goals of economic policies. The genuine, hidden but most important goal of the present Hungarian government is to make Orbán and his political family wealthy and make their enrichment legitimate. In disguise of a public policy to achieve this (private, personal) goal, this government needs absolute and uncontrolled power certified by the scenery of the parliamentarian democracy. This private effort should be falsified, which could be achieved if his government pretends that it wants to pursue a disciplined economic policy.

Fiscal Bargains, Political Institutions, and Economic Performance

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Summerhill
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Early National ◽  
Economic Stagnation ◽  
The Government

Abstract In “Bargaining for Absolutism,” Alejandra Irigoin and Regina Grafe argue three points of considerable interest to historians: political absolutism in Castile did not extend to fiscal matters; fiscal relations within Spain and its empire were characterized by bargaining, not directives from the crown; and the differences between Spanish and British imperial fiscal systems have been overstated. Their first and second points are a welcome corrective to oversimplified treatments of early modern Spanish fiscal politics, and echo findings on absolutism in France. In practice, absolutist sovereigns were not autocrats. They needed money to wage war and defend against predatory rivals, and had to exchange rent-generating privileges and monopolies in order to levy taxes and borrow. Irigoin and Grafe understate, however, the differences between fiscal relations in the British and Spanish empires. The institutions governing economic policy making at home were quite distinct in the two cases. After 1688 Britain relied heavily on Parliament for the formulation and approval of economic policies. The formal mechanisms by which the economic interests of different groups were articulated and brokered between Parliament and the government led to more efficient outcomes. In Spain, where the crown could selectively assign and abrogate property rights in a manner unchecked by formal political institutions, fiscal weakness and economic stagnation resulted. This institutional gap was reflected as well in the implementation of economic policy in their respective colonies. In this difference one can trace one important source of differing economic trajectories in the late colonial and early national periods.

scholarly journals KEBIJAKAN EKONOMI DAN PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING INDONESIA MENGHADAPI MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suharyono Suharyono
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Balance Of Trade ◽  
The Government ◽  
Asean Economic Community

<p>Since 2003 Bali Concord II that  sett up  (ASEAN Economic Community/AEC, Indonesia has been engaged in the efforts of strengthening the country especially setting forth economic policy that is condusive to achieving the country’s level of competition. The paper shall deal with challenges that Indonesia has faced in the issue. The challenges that are identified include balance of trade, dependable entrepreneurs, and rate of productivity of manpower.How has the government come up with sound economic policies? The account finds that the most recent economic policies of Joko Widodo have not achieved better results in coping the cahallenges.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords :</strong> Economic policy, State, Competition, ASEAN Economic Community.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of Coupling and Coordinated Development of Marine Economic Policy and Marine Service Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Zuoliang Lv ◽  
Bin Li
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Coordinated Development ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Coordination Degree

This article studies the coordinated development of marine economic policy and marine service industry by constructing a system for evaluating marine economic policy and marine service industry indicators and applying a coupled coordination degree model, and analyzes its development laws. The research shows that the coordinated development level of marine economic policy and marine service industry is on the rise, the interaction level among the elements in the system is enhanced, the cyclic cumulative causal effect and cluster advantage are enhanced, and the coordinated development level is adjusted from primary imbalance to primary coordination. Under the comprehensive effect of the stable curve law of the development of marine economic policies and the stable rising law of the development of marine service industry, the development of marine service industry is in good condition, and the development of marine economic policies lags behind. To further promote the high-quality development of marine service industry, the government can strengthen Guide the connection between the main factors of the two systems and the positive and dynamic response to further promote the coordinated development of the two.

The Political Construction of a Coordinated Political Economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Philip Manow
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
The One

The first chapter motivates the book’s central research question: how did the German variant of capitalism emerge, and what today is its central functioning logic? The chapter argues that past and recent accounts of Germany’s economic performance and economic policy have failed to fully explain how long-term stable economic coordination could have evolved in as large a country as Germany, and that this has also translated into an often biased view of Germany’s current economic policies. The chapter sketches the basic argument of the book—namely that the German welfare state was the prime means of economic coordination for unions and employers, labor and capital—and situates it in two relevant literatures: the Varieties of Capitalism literature on the one hand and the Comparative Welfare State literature on the other. The chapter also presents an overview of the book.

History as an Obstacle to Change: The Case of Haiti

1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Lundahl
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Public Policy Analysis ◽  
The Government

…widespread social evils are seldom unconnected with the selfish and brutal behavior of powerful groups and individuals…(Andreski, 1966)Most economic models do not explicitly incorporate the “state” or the “government” into their analyses. Instead, this entity is viewed as a deus ex machina which plans and directs economic policy according to notions of efficiency, growth, distributional justice, and so on, that form the central concepts of the models. Unfortunately, the same naive thinking permeates a good deal of public policy analysis. This is the case, for example, with issues of development and underdevelopment. Here, attention is concentrated on “technical,” or “economic,” solutions, while taking for granted, either implicitly or explicitly, the existence of the political will necessary to implement them.

Politics will undermine Algerian economic policy

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Foreign Exchange Reserves ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
International Borrowing ◽  
The Government ◽  
Central Bank Governor

Subject The effect of the sacking of the central bank governor. Significance The Algerian cabinet decided on May 31 to replace the long-serving governor of the central bank, Mohammed Laksaci, with Mohammed Loukal, the CEO of the government-owned Exterior Bank of Algeria. The cabinet did not explain the decision, which was issued in the name of President Abdelaziz Bouteflika, but the governor had come under criticism from political figures because of the sharp depreciation of the Algerian dinar, and the erosion of foreign exchange reserves. Impacts Loukal will come under pressure to ease import controls, while defending the dinar. Given weak external accounts, further depreciation of the dinar on the black market is likely, along with further erosion of reserves. The government will soon need to resort to international borrowing, which will bring fresh scrutiny of its economic policies. The central bank governor sacking is most likely related to the political struggles within the establishment on who will succeed Bouteflika.

Economic Performance, Trade, and the Exchange Rate in Ethiopia, 1990-2002

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kempe Ronald Hope
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Regulatory Oversight ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
Ethiopian Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
Trade And Exchange

Since 1992, the Ethiopian government has been liberalizing and reorienting the country’s economy through moderate market reforms and the shifting of its role from one of active participation in the productive and service sectors to one of creating an enabling environment for the private sector and providing regulatory oversight. This article assesses Ethiopia’s trade and exchange rate relationship, during the period 1990-2002, in the context of the country’s economic performance under the liberalized economic policies of the government. It also examines the related issue of the value of the country’s currency to determine, through the Purchasing-Power Parity Hypothesis method, whether the country’s currency (the Ethiopian Birr) is undervalued or overvalued.

scholarly journals Credibility and populism: the economic policy of the Goulart administrations in Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Marley Modesto Monteiro ◽  
Pedro Cezar Dutra Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Subjective Probability ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
The Government

The Goulart Administrations (1961-1964), which consisted of a parliamentary period and a presidential period, are considered typical examples of populism in Brazil. The literature usually defines economic policies advanced by these administrations as "he-sitating", "irrational" or "ambiguous." We use a credibility model to argue that there is actually a consistent pattern in the manner in which economic policy was conducted. The credibility of the economic policies is defined to be the subjective probability that the government is following a monetary rule. Early on, the administrations enacted inflation-fighting measures. However, these policies were costly, and the administrations abandoned the course of austerity. As a result, their credibility was diminished, and attempts to achieve stabilization failed.

scholarly journals KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK DAN RITEL MODERN : STUDI KASUS PELAKSANAAN KEBIJAKAN PLASTIK BERBAYAR

2018 ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Amrita Nugraheni Saraswaty
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
The Government

This study aims to determine the economic impact on the modern retail businesses after the application of public policy about plastic bag fee by the government. The methodology used is descriptive with interviewing 53 samples of modern retailer in Badung and Denpasar area. This study get the result that, in terms of modern retail, there is a tendency not to impose tariffs on consumer plastic bags because they do not want to lose customers. It can be concluded that the modern retail stores do not feel any significant change of the economic policy of plastic bags fee. Consumers are still willing to pay the price set by the government, and most of the modern retail stores choose not to implement a policy of that paid plastic. Going forward, the policy paid plastic can be equipped with alternative materials usage policies for shopping bags also with a higher tariff for plastic bags. So the number of plastic bags that are used can be reduced and replaced with environmentally friendly materials.

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