scholarly journals Screening of Hungarian cattle herds for seropositivity to Mycoplasma bovis

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Fodor ◽  
Katalin Jánosi ◽  
László Makrai ◽  
Miklós Gyuranecz
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Cattle Herds

A total of 860 serum samples collected at 86 cattle farms in different parts of Hungary were screened for the presence of antibodies to Mycoplasma bovis using an ELISA test with a recombinant M. bovis membrane protein as antigen. Antibodies to M. bovis were detected in sera collected on all farms, and no farms negative for M. bovis were found. In 88.38% of the herds more than 50% of the sampled animals were infected by M. bovis. A total of 82.91% of the animals had antibodies to M. bovis. The proportion of seropositive animals was higher in the older age groups, and a significant difference was seen in the level of seropositivity between young and older age groups. The results show that M. bovis infection is widespread on Hungarian dairy farms, and its prevalence has increased in the recent decade. The high infection rate of Hungarian cattle herds with M. bovis shows that special attention should be paid to evaluating the aetiological role of M. bovis in bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) cases because M. bovis has an immunosuppressive effect and can predispose cattle to other respiratory infections, too.

scholarly journals Field Experience of Antibody Testing against Mycoplasma bovis in Adult Cows in Commercial Danish Dairy Cattle Herds

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Bisgaard Petersen ◽  
Lars Pedersen ◽  
Lone Møller Pedersen ◽  
Liza Rosenbaum Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Practice Test ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Paired Serum ◽  
Danish Dairy

Mycoplasma bovis in cattle is difficult to diagnose. Recently, the ID screen® mycoplasma bovis indirect ELISA (ID screen) was commercially released by IDVet. The objectives of this study were to: (1) gain and share experience of using the ID screen in adult dairy cows under field conditions; (2) determine the correlation between antibody levels in milk and serum and (3) compare the ID screen results with those of the Bio K 302 (BioX 302) ELISA from BioX Diagnostics. Paired serum and milk samples were collected from 270 cows from 12 Danish dairy herds with three categories of M. bovis disease history. The ID screen tested nearly all cows positive in all, but the three non-infected herds, while the BioX 302 tested very few cows positive. The ID screen is therefore a much more sensitive test than the BioX 302. However, cows in five exposed herds without signs of ongoing infection and two herds with no history of M. bovis infection also tested ID screen positive. Therefore, the performance and interpretation of the test must be investigated under field conditions in best practice test evaluation setups. A concordance correlation coefficient of 0.66 (95% CI: 0.59–0.72) between the ID screen serum and milk results indicates that milk samples can replace serum samples for the ID screen diagnosis of M. bovis in adult cows.

Randomized Comparison of IV PEG and IM E. Coli Asparaginase in Children and Adolescents with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Results of the DFCI ALL Consortium Protocol 05-01

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 874-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis B. Silverman ◽  
Kristen Stevenson ◽  
Lynda M Vrooman ◽  
Jeffrey G Supko ◽  
Barbara Asselin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Childhood All ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Consolidation Phase

Abstract Abstract 874 E. coli L-asparaginase (E. coli ASP) is an important component of treatment for childhood ALL, but is associated with multiple toxicities, including allergy, pancreatitis, and thrombosis. It is typically given intramuscularly (IM). Because most pediatric ALL patients have indwelling venous catheters, intravenous (IV) administration of asparaginase would be a more convenient and less painful option than IM injection. PEG-asparaginase (PEG), the polyethylene glycol conjugate of E. coli ASP, has a longer circulating half-life and so may be given less frequently. We have previously demonstrated that a single dose of PEG 2500 IU/m2 given IV is tolerable in children with ALL, with potentially therapeutic serum enzyme activity (≥ 0.1 IU/mL) maintained for at least 18 days in most patients.[Blood 2010;115:1351-3] On DFCI ALL Consortium Protocol 05-01, all patients (pts) with newly diagnosed ALL aged 1–18 years (yrs) who achieved complete remission were eligible to participate in a randomized comparison of IM E. coli ASP and IV PEG during the 30-week (wk) multi-agent post-induction Consolidation phase. Beginning at week 7 of therapy, pts received either IM E. Coli ASP 25000 IU/m2 weekly × 30 wks or IV PEG 2500 IU/m2 every 2 wks × 30 wks. Serum samples were obtained every 6 wks just prior to an ASP dose and were assayed for ASP enzyme activity by a validated biochemical assay. Between 2005–2010, 463 pts were enrolled in the randomized comparison. Median age was 5 yrs (range 1.2–17.9 yrs). There was no significant difference in presenting characteristics between the two arms, except that more pts on the E. coli ASP arm presented with a mediastinal mass (9% vs 3%, p=0.04). Median follow-up was 2.8 years. Median nadir serum ASP activity (NSAA) at each assayed timepoint during the Consolidation phase was significantly higher with IV PEG than with IM E. coli ASP (Table 1). An NSAA of ≥ 0.1 IU/mL was achieved in ≥ 95% of IV PEG pts compared with < 50% of IM E. coli ASP pts (p<0.01 at each timepoint). There was no significant difference in ASP-related toxicities (allergy, pancreatitis, thrombosis) between the two types of ASP (Table 2). Older pts (≥ 10 yrs old) had a significantly higher overall rate (p<0.01) of pancreatitis (18% vs 7%) and thrombosis (18% vs 4%), but not of allergy (p=0.49) or infection (p=0.21), compared to younger pts. There was no significant difference in the rates of ASP-related toxicities when comparing IM E. coli ASP vs IV PEG separately within the two age groups (≥10 yrs and < 10 yrs). We conclude that every 2-week IV PEG is no more toxic than weekly IM E. coli ASP in children and adolescents with ALL, and is associated with higher serum ASP activity. Longer follow-up is necessary to determine whether there is any difference in event-free survival between the two treatment arms.Table 1:Nadir Serum ASP activity (NSAA) during 30-week Consolidation phaseIV PEGIM ECOLISample Time (wks)*NMedian IU/mL% pts with NSAA ≧ 0.10 IU/mLNMedian IU/mL% pts with NSAA ≧ 0.10 IU/mL5840.6795%920.09448%11700.7197%740.09447%17730.7697%860.09247%23600.70100%760.09446%29680.70100%630.09544%*Number of weeks after start of Consolidation phaseTable 2:Toxicities by ASP type during 30-week Consolidation phaseToxicityIV PEG # of pts (%)IM E. COLI # of pts (%)p-valueNumber of Patients232231Asparaginase Toxicity59 (25)58 (25)>0.99    Allergy26 (11)20 (9)0.44    Pancreatitis25 (11)21 (9)0.64        Mild/Moderate13 (6)13 (6)        Severe12 (5)8 (3)    Thrombosis14 (6)21 (9)0.22Infection (bacteremia, invasive fungal disease)35 (15)46 (20)0.18 Disclosures: Silverman: Enzon Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria. Supko:Enzon Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding. Sallan:Enzon Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Relationship between the Maxillary Sinus and the Canine Root tip using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Khojastepour ◽  
Najmeh Movahhedian ◽  
Mohadeseh Zolghadrpour
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Anterior Region ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Type I ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Vertical Distance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

Abstract Background: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the frequency and amount of extension of the maxillary sinus to the anterior region and to evaluate the vertical distance between the maxillary sinus floor and canine apices.Methods: Cone beam computed tomographic images of 300 individuals (154 males and 146 females) over 20 years (with mean age of 35.12 ± 8.40 years) were evaluated. The subjects were categorized into three age groups (20-30, 30-40 and 40-50 years). When maxillary sinus extended to the canine area, the vertical distance between them were recorded and their relationship were classified into three types: I (> 2 mm distance), II (2 mm < distance or in-contact) and III (interlock). Results: 413 out of 600 maxillary sinuses (68.8%) were extended into the canine area or beyond. Among them, 15 maxillary sinuses pneumatized into the incisor area (2.5%). The prevalence of the maxillary sinuses extended to the anterior region of the jaw was not significantly different between genders, but it was significantly less frequent in older age group and more frequent in the left side. The mean amount of anterior extension of maxillary sinus (mm) was significantly lower in older age group. Type I was the most frequent vertical relationship between the maxillary sinuses and canine apices with no significant difference in gender, side and age groups.Conclusions: Most of the maxillary sinuses extended to the canine area. Maxillary sinus extended into incisor area with the frequency of 2.5% . The amount of extension of the maxillary sinus to the anterior region and its vertical distance with canine apices decreased in older age group.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Clinical Presentation of Chikungunya Virus Infection among Febrile Outpatients Seeking Health Care in Mzuzu City, Malawi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flywell Kawonga ◽  
Gerald Misinzo ◽  
Dylo Pemba ◽  
Leonard Mboera ◽  
Isaac Thom Shawa
Keyword(s):  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igm Antibodies

Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV. We conducted this study determine the seroprevalence and clinical presentation of Chikungunya infection among outpatients seeking healthcare in Mzuzu City, Malawi. Blood samples were collected from malaria negative and non-septic febrile outpatients with fevers &ge;38 &deg;C, for not more than 5 days. The enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was used to detect anti-CHIKV IgM antibodies and its results were used to determine seroprevalence of Chikungunya. A total of 119 serum samples were tested, of these, 73 (61.3%) tested positive for anti-CHIKV IgM antibodies by ELISA. Laboratory requisition forms were used to capture demographic information such as age, sex, clinical signs and symptoms presented by the enrolled patients. Age groups of 1-9, 10- 19, 20- 29, 30- 39, 40- 49, and &ge;50 years had 17.8% (n= 13), 12.3 %,( n=9), 15.1%) (n=11), 19.2%; (n=14), 17.8% (n=13) and 17.8% (n=13) proportion of seroprevalence respectively. Most of the CHIKV infected individuals presented with fever (52.05%), joint pain (45.21%) and abdominal pain (42.67%). The presence of anti- CHIKV IgM antibodies suggest the presence of recent CHIKV infection and therefore accurate laboratory assays are highly recommended for CHIKV diagnosis and appropriate management of febrile patients.

scholarly journals Paratuberculosis in cattle: The outspread, diagnostics and control

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-344
Author(s):  
B. Vidic ◽  
S. Savic ◽  
N. Prica
Keyword(s):  
Direct Detection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Complex Procedure ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
And Control

Paratuberculosis is chronic incurable granulomatose enteritis, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). The disease can be found in cattle, sheep and goats and it can appear among all age groups. The disease spreads slowly, the condition can vary, but it always ends with severe dehydration, weight loss and complete exhaustion of the animal. Diagnosis of paratuberculosis is established by direct detection of causative agent using selective media or by detection of agents? genome using the PCR method. Indirect methods are based on the detection of specific antibodies in blood sera or milk, or on the measuring of cellular immunity. The detection of antibodies using ELISA method is considered the method of choice for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis, because of the rapidity of the test and relatively low expenses. The first serological analysis on the presence of paratuberculosis in cattle was carried out 20 years ago in the region of AP Vojvodina (Republic of Serbia). Blood sera taken from cattle originating from 12 farms were examined. The AGID (agar gel immunodiffusion) test revealed positive results in 13 cows coming from four farms, which makes 1.5% from the total number of cows. Furthermore, CF (complement fixation test) method revealed 35 positive cows, which makes 4.1% out of the total number of cows. In 1991, similar analysis applying ELISA test revealed 29 positive cows, i.e. 2.9% of positive cattle, which reflects a favourable epizootiological situation in the region. Lack of well-established laboratory tests, long periods of incubation and small number of clinical cases impede appropriate control of paratuberculosis. Control programs are based on reduction of transmission of the agent to host animals, elimination of infected animals, hygiene-sanitary measures and vaccination. The efficacy of the recommended programs would directly depend on elimination of infected animals. Despite the continuous research and numerous studies, the problem of detecting the infection caused by MAP is still present. This fact, together with the complex procedure of laboratory diagnostic, has caused a permanent spreading of the infection in cattle herds, while measures taken so far for the control of paratuberculosis have not been efficient enough.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of human coronaviruses among patients visiting Hospital-Based Sentinel Sites in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elijah Mulabbi ◽  
Robert Tweyongyere ◽  
Fred Wabwire ◽  
Edison Mworozi ◽  
Jeff Koehlerb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Human Coronaviruses

Abstract Background: Human coronaviruses are causative agents of respiratory infections with several subtypes being prevalent worldwide. They cause respiratory illnesses of varying severity and have been described to be continuously emerging but their prevalence is not well documented in Uganda. This study assessed the seroprevalence of antibodies against the previously known human coronaviruses prior 2019 in Uganda.Methods: A total 377 serum samples collected from volunteers that showed influenza like illness in five hospital-based sentinel sites and archived were analyzed using a commercial Qualitative Human Coronavirus Antibody IgG ELISA kit. Although there is no single kit available that can detect the presence of all the circulating coronaviruses, this kit uses a nucleoprotein, aa 340-390 to coat the wells and since there is significant homology among the various human coronavirus strains with regards to the coded for proteins, there is significant cross reactivity beyond HCoV HKU-39849 2003. This gives the kit a qualitative ability to detect the presence of human coronavirus antibodies in a sample. Results: The overall seroprevalence for all the sites was 87.53% with no significant difference in the seroprevalence between the Hospital based sentinel sites (p=0.8). Of the seropositive, the age group 1-5 years had the highest percentage (46.97), followed by 6-10 years (16.67) and then above 20 (16.36). The volunteers were divided into two broad categories, those below five years and those above five years, to calculate the odds ratio. The odds ratio of those seropositive with an age above 5 years with reference to those below 5 years was 0.62. This shows that those below 5 are more likely to be seropositive compared to those above 5 years. The seropositivity was generally high throughout the year with highest being recorded in March and the lowest in February and December. Conclusions: The seroprevalence of Human coronaviruses is alarmingly high which calls for need to identify and characterize the circulating coronavirus strains so as to guide policy on the control strategies.

Seroprevalence of Human Cystic Echinococcosis in Sanandaj City, Kurdistan Province, Western Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Nazari ◽  
Tooran Nayeri ◽  
Farkhondeh Hazrati
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cystic Hydatid Disease ◽  
Western Iran ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Cystic Echinococcosis

Background and Aims: Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) is a cestode parasite that causes cystic hydatid disease in humans worldwide. Iran is one of the endemic regions for infection that indicate the importance and presence of infection in this country. Therefore, the current research aimed to characterize the seroprevalence of human cystic echinococcosis in Sanandaj city, Kurdistan province, western Iran. Materials and methods: Totally, 500 serum samples were collected from patients referred to different health centers in Sanandaj city using cluster sampling in 2018-2019. All the sera were examined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. Results: The seroprevalence of human hydatidosis was reported at 2.2% by ELISA test in Sanandaj city. This rate was 9 (1.9%) in women and 2 (0.4) in men. The age group of 20-30 years old had the highest positivity rate (1.0%). Also, the subjects that consumed home slaughtered meat had the highest infection rate at 4 (0.8%). There was no significant difference regarding factors studied such as sex, education, residence, consumed water, keeping a dog, and the seropositivity. Conclusions: Seroprevalence of human cystic echinococcosis in Sanandaj city is lower than the general prevalence in Iran. Our research team hopes to provide accurate data on the prevalence of hydatidosis in Sanandaj encourage more extensive research to help prevent this parasite in Iran and worldwide.

Prevalence of hepatitis E virus in thalassemia patients with hepatitis C in Tehran, Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmeh Dalvand ◽  
Azadeh Dalvand ◽  
Zohreh Sharifi ◽  
Seyed Masoud Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Risk Groups ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Thalassemia Patient ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tehran Province

Background and Objectives: HEV infection is predominantly spread via the fecal-oral route; however, due to the presence of HEV RNA in the serum of healthy blood donors, there is a possibility of the transmissibility of HEV infection through blood. Multi-transfused thalassemia patients are one of the high risk groups for blood borne viruses. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of HEV antibodies and HEV-RNA in thalassemia patients with HCV infection. Materials and Methods: 120 anti-HCV positive thalassemia patient serum samples from Tehran province during April-June 2019 were assessed for the presence of total anti-HEV antibodies using of HEV Ab ELISA kit. All serum samples were assayed by Nested RT-PCR to detect HEV-RNA. Results: The results of ELISA test showed that 2 out of 120 (1.67%) samples were positive for anti-HEV Ab. There was no statistically significant difference between anti-HEV antibody prevalence rate and sex, age and other risk factors. None of 120 (0.00%) samples were positive for HEV-RNA by Nested RT-PCR. Conclusion: Seroprevalence of HEV in our study group was 1.67% which is less than HEV seroprevalence rate in Iranian general population. Therefore, it can be conclude that transmission of HEV infection via blood transfusion seems to be uncommon in Iran and the fecal-oral route can be the predominant mode of transmission in Iran; however, more studies are required to confirm this issue.

scholarly journals Prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 antibodies in the population of Belém, Pará, Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo B. FREITAS ◽  
Maria Rute FREITAS ◽  
Alexandre C. LINHARES
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Human Herpesvirus 8 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Herpesvirus 8 ◽  
North Brazil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Subjects

Serum samples from 497 children and adults inhabiting two neighbourhoods (Guamá and Terra Firme) in Belém, Pará, North Brazil were screened for the presence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) antibody using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An overall 16.3% prevalence was found for these urban communities. Taken both genders together, prevalence rates of HHV-8 antibody increase gradually, across age-groups, ranging from 12.0% to 33.3%. When seroprevalence is analysed by gender, similar rates are found for female (18.4%) and male (14.0%) individuals. In the former gender group, seroprevalence rates increased from 10.3%, in children <FONT FACE=Symbol>£</FONT> 10 years of age, to 30.0% in adults 41-50 years of age. Conversely, among male subjects, the prevalence of HHV-8 antibodies decreased from 13.3% in children/young adults aged <FONT FACE=Symbol>£</FONT> 10 to 20 years of age to 6.1% in adults aged 21-30 years. From the 31-40 year-old group male onwards, seropositivity rates increased gradually, ranging from 8.3% to 66.7%. A significant difference in seropositivity rates was noted when comparing 21-30 age groups for female and male subjects: 23.3% and 6.1%, respectively (P = 0.03). Geometric mean optical densities were found to increase slightly from the lower to the higher age-groups. Our data suggest that transmission of HHV-8 occurs frequently in the general urban population of Belém, and that prevalence of antibody seems to increase with age.

scholarly journals Detection of anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in the state of Pará, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabíola do Nascimento Corrêa ◽  
Rafaella Câmara Teixeira ◽  
Carlos Magno Chaves Oliveira ◽  
José Diomedes Barbosa ◽  
Adivaldo Henrique da Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
North American ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
The State ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
North American Strain ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
American Strain

This study aimed to investigate the frequency of homologous antibodies of IgG class against Borrelia burgdorferi in buffaloes in the state of Pará, Brazil. Blood serum samples from 491 buffaloes were analyzed by means of the indirect ELISA test, using crude antigen produced from a cultivar of the North American strain G39/40 of B. burgdorferi. There were 412 positive samples (83.91%), and there was no statistically significant difference in the proportions of positive animals between the 81.69% (232/284) originating from Marajó Island and the 86.96% (180/207) from the continental area of the state of Pará. In all the municipalities studied, the frequency of positive findings of antibodies against B. burgdorferi among the animals ranged from 63.6% to 92.9%. The high numbers of seropositive animals can be explained by the frequent presence of the tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)microplus, and by the possible existence of spirochetes of the genus Borrelia infecting buffaloes in the region studied, although specific studies are needed to confirm this relationship. These factors suggest that a cross-reaction exists between the North American strain G39/40 of B. burgdorferi, which is used as an antigenic substrate, and the species of Borrelia spp. that possibly infects buffaloes in the state of Pará.

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