scholarly journals Field Experience of Antibody Testing against Mycoplasma bovis in Adult Cows in Commercial Danish Dairy Cattle Herds

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Bisgaard Petersen ◽  
Lars Pedersen ◽  
Lone Møller Pedersen ◽  
Liza Rosenbaum Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Practice Test ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Paired Serum ◽  
Danish Dairy

Mycoplasma bovis in cattle is difficult to diagnose. Recently, the ID screen® mycoplasma bovis indirect ELISA (ID screen) was commercially released by IDVet. The objectives of this study were to: (1) gain and share experience of using the ID screen in adult dairy cows under field conditions; (2) determine the correlation between antibody levels in milk and serum and (3) compare the ID screen results with those of the Bio K 302 (BioX 302) ELISA from BioX Diagnostics. Paired serum and milk samples were collected from 270 cows from 12 Danish dairy herds with three categories of M. bovis disease history. The ID screen tested nearly all cows positive in all, but the three non-infected herds, while the BioX 302 tested very few cows positive. The ID screen is therefore a much more sensitive test than the BioX 302. However, cows in five exposed herds without signs of ongoing infection and two herds with no history of M. bovis infection also tested ID screen positive. Therefore, the performance and interpretation of the test must be investigated under field conditions in best practice test evaluation setups. A concordance correlation coefficient of 0.66 (95% CI: 0.59–0.72) between the ID screen serum and milk results indicates that milk samples can replace serum samples for the ID screen diagnosis of M. bovis in adult cows.

scholarly journals Increased incidence rate of undesired early heifer departure in Mycoplasma bovis-antibody positive Danish dairy cattle herds

2019 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 86-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Bisgaard Petersen ◽  
Annette Kjær Ersbøll ◽  
Kaspar Krogh ◽  
Liza Rosenbaum Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Danish Dairy

scholarly journals Screening of Hungarian cattle herds for seropositivity to Mycoplasma bovis

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Fodor ◽  
Katalin Jánosi ◽  
László Makrai ◽  
Miklós Gyuranecz
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Cattle Herds

A total of 860 serum samples collected at 86 cattle farms in different parts of Hungary were screened for the presence of antibodies to Mycoplasma bovis using an ELISA test with a recombinant M. bovis membrane protein as antigen. Antibodies to M. bovis were detected in sera collected on all farms, and no farms negative for M. bovis were found. In 88.38% of the herds more than 50% of the sampled animals were infected by M. bovis. A total of 82.91% of the animals had antibodies to M. bovis. The proportion of seropositive animals was higher in the older age groups, and a significant difference was seen in the level of seropositivity between young and older age groups. The results show that M. bovis infection is widespread on Hungarian dairy farms, and its prevalence has increased in the recent decade. The high infection rate of Hungarian cattle herds with M. bovis shows that special attention should be paid to evaluating the aetiological role of M. bovis in bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) cases because M. bovis has an immunosuppressive effect and can predispose cattle to other respiratory infections, too.

Application of an integrated outbreak management plan for the control of leptospirosis in dairy cattle herds

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 1172-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. MUGHINI-GRAS ◽  
L. BONFANTI ◽  
A. NATALE ◽  
A. COMIN ◽  
A. FERRONATO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Outbreak Management ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Leptospira Borgpetersenii ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Paired Serum

SUMMARYTwo outbreaks of Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo infection in dairy cattle herds were managed through the application of enhanced biosecurity measures, whole-herd antibiotic treatment and vaccination. Micro-agglutination test antibody titres were determined in paired serum samples at 3 weeks (T1: n = 125, 97% seropositivity, median 800, range 100–12 800) and 24 weeks (T2: n = 110, 88% seropositivity, median 200, range 100–6400) after vaccination and studied in relation to cows' age, herd of origin and sampling time. From T1 to T2, vaccine-elicited antibody titres decreased by 84·7% (95% CI 76·2–90·1). Consistent with increasing immunocompetence in calves (aged <12 months) and immunosenescence in adult cows (aged >36 months) associated with ageing, antibody titres correlated positively with calves' age and negatively with adult cows' age. No cow had cultivable, (histo)pathologically detectable and/or PCR-detectable leptospires in urine or kidney samples after treatment and vaccination. Vaccination together with proper biosecurity measures and chemoprophylaxis are an affordable insurance to control bovine leptospirosis.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccine mRNABNT162b2 Elicits Human Antibody Response in Milk of Breastfeeding Women

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 785
Author(s):  
Maurizio Guida ◽  
Daniela Terracciano ◽  
Michele Cennamo ◽  
Federica Aiello ◽  
Evelina La Civita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Human Antibody ◽  
Serum Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Milk Antibodies ◽  
Roche Diagnostics

Objective: The objective of this research is to demonstrate the release of SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) antibodies in human milk samples obtained by patients who have been vaccinated with mRNABNT162b2 vaccine. Methods: Milk and serum samples were collected in 10 volunteers 20 days after the first dose and 7 seven days after the second dose of the mRNABNT162b2 vaccine. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies were measured by the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S ECLIA assay (Roche Diagnostics AG, Rotkreuz, Switzerland), a quantitative electrochemiluminescence immunometric method. Results: At first sample, anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies were detected in all serum samples (103.9 ± 54.9 U/mL) and only in two (40%) milk samples with a low concentration (1.2 ± 0.3 U/mL). At the second sample, collected 7 days after the second dose, anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies were detected in all serum samples (3875.7 ± 3504.6 UI/mL) and in all milk samples (41.5 ± 47.5 UI/mL). No correlation was found between the level of serum and milk antibodies; the milk antibodies/serum antibodies ratio was on average 2% (range: 0.2–8.4%). Conclusion: We demonstrated a release of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies in the breast milk of women vaccinated with mRNABNT162b2. Vaccinating breastfeeding women could be a strategy to protect their infants from COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals Population (Antibody) Testing for COVID-19—Technical Challenges, Application and Relevance, an English Perspective

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 550
Author(s):  
Peter A. C. Maple
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Oral Fluids ◽  
Antibody Assays ◽  
The Uk

In the UK, population virus or antibody testing using virus swabs, serum samples, blood spots or oral fluids has been performed to a limited extent for several diseases including measles, mumps, rubella and hepatitis and HIV. The collection of population-based infection and immunity data is key to the monitoring of disease prevalence and assessing the effectiveness of interventions such as behavioural modifications and vaccination. In particular, the biological properties of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its interaction with the human host have presented several challenges towards the development of population-based immunity testing. Measuring SARS-CoV-2 immunity requires the development of antibody assays of acceptable sensitivity and specificity which are capable of accurately detecting seroprevalence and differentiating protection from non-protective responses. Now that anti-COVID-19 vaccines are becoming available there is a pressing need to measure vaccine efficacy and the development of herd immunity. The unprecedented impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the UK in terms of morbidity, mortality, and economic and social disruption has mobilized a national scientific effort to learn more about this virus. In this article, the challenges of testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in relation to population-based immunity testing, will be considered and examples given of relevant national level studies.

scholarly journals Serum BCMA levels predict outcomes in MGUS and smoldering myeloma patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Visram ◽  
C. Soof ◽  
S. V. Rajkumar ◽  
S. K. Kumar ◽  
S. Bujarski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Gammopathy ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Risk Models ◽  
Independent Validation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
Paired Serum ◽  
Smoldering Myeloma ◽  
Undetermined Significance

AbstractSoluble BCMA (sBCMA) levels are elevated in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM). However, the association between sBCMA levels and prognosis in MGUS and SMM has not been studied. We retrospectively analyzed sBCMA levels in stored samples from 99 MGUS and 184 SMM patients. Baseline sBCMA levels were significantly higher in MGUS and SMM patients progressing to MM during clinical follow up. When stratified according to the median baseline sBCMA level for each cohort, higher levels were associated with a shorter PFS for MGUS (HR 3.44 comparing sBCMA ≥77 vs <77 ng/mL [95% CI 2.07–5.73, p < 0.001] and SMM (HR 2.0 comparing sBCMA ≥128 vs <128 ng/mL, 95% 1.45–2.76, p < 0.001) patients. The effect of sBCMA on PFS was similar even after adjusting for the baseline MGUS or SMM risk stratification. We evaluated paired serum samples and found that sBCMA increased significantly in MGUS and SMM patients who eventually progressed to MM, whereas among MGUS non-progressors the sBCMA level remained stable. While our results require independent validation, they suggest that sBCMA may be a useful biomarker to identify MGUS and SMM patients at increased risk of progression to MM independent of the established risk models.

The Implication of Viruses in Idiopathic Sudden Hearing Loss: Primary Infection or Reactivation of Latent Viruses?

1981 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Veltri ◽  
William R. Wilson ◽  
Philip M. Sprinkle ◽  
Susan M. Rodman ◽  
Debra A. Kavesh
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Sudden Hearing Loss ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Paired Serum ◽  
Group B

Seventy-seven paired serum samples from patients with known idiopathic sudden hearing loss (ISHL) were surveyed using viral serologic methods. Fifteen different viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae were the agents tested. We determined an incidence of 65% (49/77) of documented significant seroconversions to one or more of the agents surveyed. Multiple agents were involved in 24 of the 49 positive cases we studied. Influenza virus Group B in 14 (18%) and rubeola in 12 (16%) were the most prevalent, followed by Herpes simplex type 1 in 6 (8%), mumps in 6 (8%), influenza Group A3 in 6 (8%), rubella in 5 (7%), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in 5 (7%).

Use of valnemulin in the control of Mycoplasma bovis infection under field conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 148 (13) ◽  
pp. 399-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Stipkovits ◽  
P. H. Ripley ◽  
J. Varga ◽  
V. Palfi
Keyword(s):  
Field Conditions ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis

Milk protein polymorphism in Danish dairy cattle and the influence of genetic variants on milk yield

1990 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Bech ◽  
K. Rotvig Kristiansen
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Jersey Cows ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin ◽  
Danish Dairy

SummaryIn milk samples from 549 cows of the breeds Danish Jersey, Red Danish Dairy Cattle (RDM), and Black and White Danish Dairy Cattle (SDM) the genetic polymorphisms of the αs1, β and K-cascin and β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) loci were determined by isoelectric focusing in agarose gels. The results of the screening were comparcd with results obtained by Larsen & Thymann (1966). In addition, the genetic linkage of the three casein loci was studied, and the association between milk protein genotypes and yields in first and second lactations of milk, fat and protein were investigated.The distribution of genotypes of all four milk protein Systems was different from breed to breed.For Jersey cows, significant differences in the gene frequencies from the results of the 1966 investigation were found for αs1 and K-casein and β-Lg. For SDM cows a change in the K-casein frequency had occurred whereas for RDM cows no changes were found.Linkage between some of the casein loci was found within ail three breeds. For the RDM breed the possible linkage between αs1-casein and the other caseins could not be tested bccause nearly ail thc cows were homozygous for the αs1-cascin-B genotypes.β-Casein genotypes were associated with yield parameters in ail breeds. The A2A2 genotype of this protein gave higher yields of milk, fat, and protein in the second lactation than thc A1A1 genotype.

scholarly journals Rapid Detection of Mycoplasma bovis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae in Cattle Bulk Tank Milk in Cyprus and Relations with Somatic Cell Counts

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Maria Liapi ◽  
George Botsaris ◽  
Costas Arsenoglou ◽  
Nikolas Markantonis ◽  
Christodoulos Michael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Tank

One hundred and seventy-seven (177) bulk tank milk samples were analyzed with a commercially available real-time polymerase chain reaction kit and 11 (6.21%), 41 (23.16%), and 58 (32.77%) tested positive for Mycoplasma bovis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus agalactiae, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between the presence of S. aureus and S. agalactiae. Enumeration of somatic cells was performed in the same samples by flow cytometry. The somatic cell counts were found higher in S. aureus and S. agalactiae positive samples. No association was found between M. bovis presence and somatic cells counts. Low internal assay control Ct values were found to be related with high somatic cell counts. Noticeably, this is the first report for the presence of M. bovis in Cyprus. Therefore, its presence was confirmed by bulk tank milk culture, conventional PCR, and next generation sequencing. Furthermore, M. bovis was typed with multilocus sequencing typing and was allocated to sequence type 29 (ST 29). Real-time PCR in bulk tank milk samples is a useful tool to detect mammary infections, especially for neglected pathogens such as M. bovis.

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