scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF FOREST FIRES ON THE TERRITORY OF STARA ZAGORA REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
B. Bivolarski
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Burnt Area ◽  
The Past

This article presents the dynamics of ground and canopy forest fires outbreaks on the territory of Stara Zagora region in the period of 1990-2016. We have also made a detailed analysis of the fires with the causes for their occurrence, the burnt area, damages, the number of firefighters and equipment used to extinguish fires by the Regional Directorate of Forestry – Stara Zagora in 2016. It was found that the total number of fires during the studied period was 821, as the largest number was registered in 2001 (115 fires), and the lowest – in 2014 (3 fires). There were three times more ground fires than canopy fires for the whole period of study. The total burnt area was 204 710 decares. This indicator reached its peak in 2007 (52 310 decares), and its lowest point in 2014 (7 decares). The damages inflicted by forest fires on the Regional Directorate of Forestry –Stara Zagora in 2016 amounted to 434 116 BGN. In the same year, the firefighters involved were 449 state forestry employees, 347 fire safety employees, 30 military servants and 154 volunteers. The number of equipment used was: 156 from the state forestries, 109 from the fire safety services, 6 heavy vehicles and 128 mobile devices. In conclusion, in the past 15 years, Bulgaria, and Stara Zagora in particular, have become a high risk territory for forest fire outbreaks, which requires an entirely new level of firefighting practices.

1610: High-Risk Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy Today are Less High-Risk than in the Past

2005 ◽  
Vol 173 (4S) ◽  
pp. 436-436
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Kane ◽  
Martha K. Terris ◽  
William J. Aronson ◽  
Joseph C. Presti ◽  
Christopher L. Amling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
High Risk Patients ◽  
The Past ◽  
Risk Patients

Economic Consequences of War

1943 ◽  
Vol 3 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Curtis P. Nettels
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Competitive Position ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Costs Of Production ◽  
Foreign Competitors

One influence of war has repeatedly asserted itself in the past—an effect on the costs of production and on the competitive position of the industries and firms of victorious or neutral nations. This subject needs more study, but certain facts suggest a hypothesis, of three parts. First: war expands some industries or concerns, increases their efficiency, enables them to operate, at the end of the struggle, on a comparatively low-cost basis, intensifies their competitive advantages, and improves their position in relation to foreign competitors. Second: war—for the duration—bolsters up some high-cost units by enabling them to sell at a profit all they can produce. The end of the war places such high-cost units at a disadvantage in the process of absorbing the shocks of the transition to a peacetime economy. Third: the history of postwar periods usually exhibits a sharp contest between such low-cost and high-cost enterprises. While “low cost” and “high cost” may refer to the relative positions of units within the same country, in most of this discussion, the terms will be applied to the producers of one country (either victor or neutral) to mean that their costs are low or high in comparison with those of their foreign competitors.

scholarly journals Implications of Recent Revelations from Basic and Clinical Studies of Barrett’s Esophagus for Screening and Surveillance Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Stuart Jon Spechler ◽  
Rhonda F. Souza
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Barrett’S Esophagus ◽  
Barrett's Esophagus ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Endoscopic Screening ◽  
Screening Practices ◽  
The Past ◽  
Screening And Surveillance ◽  
Gerd Symptoms ◽  
Current Screening

During the past several decades, while the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has risen dramatically, our primary EAC-prevention strategies have been endoscopic screening of individuals with GERD symptoms for Barrett’s esophagus (BE), and endoscopic surveillance for those found to have BE. Unfortunately, current screening practices have failed to identify most patients who develop EAC, and the efficacy of surveillance remains highly questionable. We review potential reasons for failure of these practices including recent evidence that most EACs develop through a rapid genomic doubling pathway, and recent data suggesting that many EACs develop from segments of esophageal intestinal metaplasia too short to be recognized as BE. We highlight need for a biomarker to identify BE patients at high risk for neoplasia (who would benefit from early therapeutic intervention), and BE patients at low risk (who would not benefit from surveillance). Promising recent efforts to identify such a biomarker are reviewed herein.

Factors that Impede or Facilitate Post-Conflict Justice Mechanisms?

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn L. Rothe ◽  
Scott Maggard
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Empirical Testing ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Post Conflict

This article provides an overview of post-conflict justice (PCJ) as well as a detailed analysis of factors that impede or facilitate the implementation of mechanisms to address the atrocities of a conflict. Grounded in an extensive new dataset, developed over the past three years, covering all conflicts in Africa between 1946 and 2009, we extend previous research by including empirical testing of previously untested assumptions and variables impacting PCJ, most notably, the role of power, politics, economics, and geo-strategic interests at the state and international political levels as well as combining previously tested variables amongst and between each other. Further, the aspects of PCJ, including conflicts where mechanisms were not deployed are included in the analysis along with those coded as symbolic in nature. We conclude by discussing the pragmatic issues associated with testing the concept of realpolitik and policy implications based on our analysis.

50th anniversary of the Department of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Disaster Medicine of A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
N. V. YARYGIN ◽  
◽  
M. V. PARSHIKOV ◽  
I. G. CHEMYANOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Disaster Medicine ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
State University ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Medical Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
Moscow State University

The purpose — to sum up the results of the work of the Department of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Disaster Medicine for 50 years. Material and methods. A detailed analysis was carried out of the stages of the Department development since its creation in 1971. The contribution of Professors Yu.V. Golyakhovskiy, A.S. Imamaliev, V.I. Zorya, N.V. Yarygin is highlighted. The achievements of the staff in scientific, educational, pedagogical and medical work over the past years are discussed.  Results. Today, the overall bed fund of the Traumatology and Orthopedics bases of the Department is 300 beds. Only in 2019-2020, according to the results of studies conducted in clinics, 155 scientific articles and theses were published, 92 reports were made, two patents for inventions were obtained. Two textbooks, two training manuals on traumatology and orthopedics, and two monographs were published. The 4th and the 5th International Pirogov Forums were organized, with the leading Russian and foreign specialists as speakers. Conclusion. The Professors of the Department of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Disaster Medicine are highly qualified specialists, renowned in the sphere of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Disaster Medicine. The collective of the Department of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Disaster Medicine, relying on the previous experience and traditions, is energetic and confident on its anniversary.

Circle Fish: Social-economic Locomotive of Perlis Village

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-18
Author(s):  
Suci Masliawati ◽  
Fikarwin Zuska
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Productive Work ◽  
Work Cycle ◽  
North Sumatra

ABSTRACT: This study aims to describe the exploitation of cerbung fish and its socio-economic consequences as a driver of the economy of the residents of Perlis Village, West Brandan District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra. The method used to obtain data and information in this research is live-in with residents, while carrying out observations and interviews with informants in each stage of the cerbung fish production process as well as key informants. The results of the study show that the exploitation of cerbung fish has created a productive work cycle of ‘money printing' for many people so that this business can act as the economic locomotive of Perlis Village. Those involved as agents in this business are fishermen or fish catchers (men), women splitting and drying fish, boat and yard washers (fishing gear), ducklings, fish shovelers, canoe miners, and owners shop.   ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengusahaan ikan cerbung dan akibat sosial-ekonominya sebagai penggerak perekonomian penduduk Desa Perlis, Kecamatan Brandan Barat, Kabupaten Langkat Sumatera Utara. Metode yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan data dan informasi dalam penelitian ini adalah tinggal-bersama warga (live-in), sembari melaksanakan pengamatan (observation) dan wawancara (interview) dengan informan-pelaku di masing-masing tahap proses produksi ikan cerbung dan juga informan kunci. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengusahaan ikan cerbung telah menimbulkan siklus kerja produktif ‘pencetak uang’ untuk banyak orang sehingga bisnis ini bisa berperan sebagai lokomotif ekonomi Desa Perlis. Mereka yang terlibat sebagai pelaku (agent) dalam usaha ini ialah nelayan atau penangkap ikan (laki-laki), perempuan pembelah dan penjemur ikan, tukang cuci boat dan pekarangan (alat tangkap), anak itik, tukang sorong ikan, penambang sampan, dan pemilik kedai.

Rising smoke-charged vortices in the mid-latitude stratosphere

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Legras ◽  
Hugo Lestrelin ◽  
Aurélien Podglajen ◽  
Mikail Salihoglu
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Mechanics ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Radiative Heating ◽  
Dynamical Structure ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
The World ◽  
Lidar Observations ◽  
Meso Scale

<p>The two most intense wildfires of the last decade that took place in Canada in 2017 and Australia in 2019-2020 were followed by large injections of smoke in the stratosphere due to pyroconvection. It was discovered that, after the Australian event, part of this smoke self-organized as anticyclonic confined vortices that rose against the Brewer-Dobson circulation in the mid-latitude stratosphere up to 35 km (Khaykin et al., 2020, doi: 10.1038/s43247-020-00022-5).  Based on CALIOP lidar observations and the ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis, we analyze the Canadian case and find, similarly, that the large plume which penetrated the stratosphere on 12 August 2017 and reached 14 km got trapped thereafter within a meso-scale anticyclonic structure which travelled across the Atlantic. It then broke into three offsprings that could be followed until mid-October 2017, each performing  round the world journeys and rising up to 23 km for one of them. We analyze the dynamical structure of the vortices produced by these two wildfires in the ERA 5 and demonstrate how they are maintained by the assimilation of data from instruments measuring the signature of the vortices in the temperature and ozone field. We propose that these vortices can be seen as bubbles of very low potential vorticity carried vertically by their internal radiative heating across the stratosphere against the stratification. We will also present elements of a theory and first numerical simulations explaining the dynamics of such structures  and discuss possible occurrences after other forest fires and volcanic eruptions in the past as well as  future likely impacts. This new phenomenon in geophysical fluid mechanics has, to our knowledge, no reported analog (see reference: https://acp.copernicus.org/preprints/acp-2020-1201/).</p>

scholarly journals The Effect of Service Quality on Satisfaction apropos Service Recipients of Divisional Secretariats in Colombo District in Sri Lanka

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Nayanananda Nilwala ◽  
Kennedy Gunawardana ◽  
R. S. Lalitha Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Relative Impact ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past

A vast array of knowledge has been accumulated on the effect of service quality on customer satisfaction, particularly with a large number of studies over the past few years. However, the effect of service quality on satisfaction of service recipients in Divisional Secretariats in the Public Sector is relatively an unattended area by researchers. Hence, this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of service quality on satisfaction of service recipients of divisional secretariats. This particular organization was selected for the study as it is considered to be the most significant service provider in terms of statutory, social, economic and development in the country. A questionnaire survey and personal interviews were conducted to collect data by using the purposive sampling method. A modified questionnaire was prepared based on SERVQUAL instruments with two additional questions. A sample of 520 service recipients from 13 Divisional Secretariats in Colombo was drawn and it was represented by 40 from each division. Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to examine the relative impact of the service quality on satisfaction of service recipients. The study revealed that all the service quality attributes positively related to satisfaction of the service recipients. The findings of the study show that satisfaction of service recipients in terms of service quality has not met the expected level, which a divisional secretariat is deemed to provide for. 

A detailed analysis of the hybrid lattice-reduction and meet-in-the-middle attack

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Wunderer
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Runtime Analysis ◽  
Lattice Reduction ◽  
Signature Schemes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Encryption Schemes ◽  
Simplifying Assumptions ◽  
Security Levels

Abstract Over the past decade, the hybrid lattice-reduction and meet-in-the middle attack (called hybrid attack) has been used to evaluate the security of many lattice-based cryptographic schemes such as NTRU, NTRU Prime, BLISS and more. However, unfortunately, none of the previous analyses of the hybrid attack is entirely satisfactory: They are based on simplifying assumptions that may distort the security estimates. Such simplifying assumptions include setting probabilities equal to 1, which, for the parameter sets we analyze in this work, are in fact as small as 2^{-80} . Many of these assumptions lead to underestimating the scheme’s security. However, some lead to security overestimates, and without further analysis, it is not clear which is the case. Therefore, the current security estimates against the hybrid attack are not reliable, and the actual security levels of many lattice-based schemes are unclear. In this work, we present an improved runtime analysis of the hybrid attack that is based on more reasonable assumptions. In addition, we reevaluate the security against the hybrid attack for the NTRU, NTRU Prime and R-BinLWEEnc encryption schemes as well as for the BLISS and GLP signature schemes. Our results show that there exist both security over- and underestimates in the literature.

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