scholarly journals Blood fibrinogen concent­rations in New Zealand White rabbits during the first year of life

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Petrova ◽  
V. Petrov ◽  
T. Georgieva ◽  
F. Ceciliani
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
First Year ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
First Year Of Life

Ethnic disparities in infectious disease hospitalisations in the first year of life in New Zealand

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R Hobbs ◽  
Susan MB Morton ◽  
Polly Atatoa-Carr ◽  
Stephen R Ritchie ◽  
Mark G Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals Fecal Microbiotas of Indonesian and New Zealand Children Differ in Complexity and Bifidobacterial Taxa during the First Year of Life

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blair Lawley ◽  
Anna Otal ◽  
Kit Moloney-Geany ◽  
Aly Diana ◽  
Lisa Houghton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
First Year ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Content Type ◽  
First Year Of Life

ABSTRACT The biological succession that occurs during the first year of life in the gut of infants in Western countries is broadly predictable in terms of the increasing complexity of the composition of microbiotas. Less information is available about microbiotas in Asian countries, where environmental, nutritional, and cultural influences may differentially affect the composition and development of the microbial community. We compared the fecal microbiotas of Indonesian (n = 204) and New Zealand (NZ) (n = 74) infants 6 to 7 months and 12 months of age. Comparisons were made by analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and derivation of community diversity metrics, relative abundances of bacterial families, enterotypes, and cooccurrence correlation networks. Abundances of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis and B. longum subsp. longum were determined by quantitative PCR. All observations supported the view that the Indonesian and NZ infant microbiotas developed in complexity over time, but the changes were much greater for NZ infants. B. longum subsp. infantis dominated the microbiotas of Indonesian children, whereas B. longum subsp. longum was dominant in NZ children. Network analysis showed that the niche model (in which trophic adaptation results in preferential colonization) of the assemblage of microbiotas was supported in Indonesian infants, whereas the neutral (stochastic) model was supported by the development of the microbiotas of NZ infants. The results of the study show that the development of the fecal microbiota is not the same for infants in all countries, and they point to the necessity of obtaining a better understanding of the factors that control the colonization of the gut in early life. IMPORTANCE This study addresses the microbiology of a natural ecosystem (the infant bowel) for children in a rural setting in Indonesia and in an urban environment in New Zealand. Analysis of DNA sequences generated from the microbial community (microbiota) in the feces of the infants during the first year of life showed marked differences in the composition and complexity of the bacterial collections. The differences were most likely due to differences in the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding of infants in the two countries. These kinds of studies are essential for developing concepts of microbial ecology related to the influence of nutrition and environment on the development of the gut microbiota and for determining the long-term effects of microbiological events in early life on human health and well-being.

Mortality rates of feral ferrets (Mustela furo) in New Zealand

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Caley ◽  
L. M. McElrea ◽  
Jim Hone
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
First Year ◽  
Phase Step ◽  
Step Model ◽  
Life Table Data ◽  
Mustela Furo ◽  
Table Data ◽  
First Year Of Life

Life-table data from feral ferret populations in New Zealand were analysed to estimate their mortality rates, and to test for any additive effect of Mycobacterium bovis infection on observed mortality rates. The observed instantaneous mortality rate was best estimated by modelling mortality as a 2-phase step model with different rates for juveniles (μ1 = 1.45 year–1, 95% C.I. 1.2–1.7 year–1) and adults (μ2 = 0.55 year–1, 95% C.I. 0.4–0.9 year–1). This corresponds to a survival probability of 0.25 during the first year of life, rising to 0.55 year–1 thereafter, and a life expectancy of 0.95 years. At a population level, no additional mortality due to M. bovis infection was observed, suggesting either that the rate of disease-induced mortality was negligible, or that it was compensatory with natural mortality.

scholarly journals Inequalities in Infant Feeding Practices among the Growing Up in New Zealand Cohort

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Gerritsen ◽  
Clare R. Wall ◽  
Cameron C. Grant ◽  
Juliana A. Teixeira ◽  
Dirce M. Marchioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
First Year ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
National Information

Background: Nutrition in the first year of life has a profound and enduring effect on health.This study is the first in New Zealand (NZ) to provide generalizable national information about arange of infant feeding practices beyond breastfeeding [...]

A Longitudinal Study of Breastfeeding and Weaning Practices During the First Year of Life in Dunedin, New Zealand

2002 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 937-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNE-LOUISE M. HEATH ◽  
CYNTHIA REEVES TUTTLE ◽  
MEGAN S.L. SIMONS ◽  
CHRISTINE L. CLEGHORN ◽  
WINSOME R. PARNELL
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

A Cytochemical Study of Glucose-6-Phosphatase (G-6-PASE) in Cells Participating in Atherogenesis of Rabbit Aorta

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 460-461
Author(s):  
Sidney D. Kobernick ◽  
Edna A. Elfont ◽  
Neddra L. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Rabbit Aorta ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Cellular Alteration ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

This cytochemical study was designed to investigate early metabolic changes in the aortic wall that might lead to or accompany development of atherosclerotic plaques in rabbits. The hypothesis that the primary cellular alteration leading to plaque formation might be due to changes in either carbohydrate or lipid metabolism led to histochemical studies that showed elevation of G-6-Pase in atherosclerotic plaques of rabbit aorta. This observation initiated the present investigation to determine how early in plaque formation and in which cells this change could be observed.Male New Zealand white rabbits of approximately 2000 kg consumed normal diets or diets containing 0.25 or 1.0 gm of cholesterol per day for 10, 50 and 90 days. Aortas were injected jin situ with glutaraldehyde fixative and dissected out. The plaques were identified, isolated, minced and fixed for not more than 10 minutes. Incubation and postfixation proceeded as described by Leskes and co-workers.

The Development of Swallowing Respiratory Coordination

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Maggie-Lee Huckabee
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Activation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Primary Finding ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Cortical Modulation ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Swallowing Apnea

Abstract Research exists that evaluates the mechanics of swallowing respiratory coordination in healthy children and adults as well and individuals with swallowing impairment. The research program summarized in this article represents a systematic examination of swallowing respiratory coordination across the lifespan as a means of behaviorally investigating mechanisms of cortical modulation. Using time-locked recordings of submental surface electromyography, nasal airflow, and thyroid acoustics, three conditions of swallowing were evaluated in 20 adults in a single session and 10 infants in 10 sessions across the first year of life. The three swallowing conditions were selected to represent a continuum of volitional through nonvolitional swallowing control on the basis of a decreasing level of cortical activation. Our primary finding is that, across the lifespan, brainstem control strongly dictates the duration of swallowing apnea and is heavily involved in organizing the integration of swallowing and respiration, even in very early infancy. However, there is evidence that cortical modulation increases across the first 12 months of life to approximate more adult-like patterns of behavior. This modulation influences primarily conditions of volitional swallowing; sleep and naïve swallows appear to not be easily adapted by cortical regulation. Thus, it is attention, not arousal that engages cortical mechanisms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document