Ethnic disparities in infectious disease hospitalisations in the first year of life in New Zealand

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R Hobbs ◽  
Susan MB Morton ◽  
Polly Atatoa-Carr ◽  
Stephen R Ritchie ◽  
Mark G Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals Fecal Microbiotas of Indonesian and New Zealand Children Differ in Complexity and Bifidobacterial Taxa during the First Year of Life

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blair Lawley ◽  
Anna Otal ◽  
Kit Moloney-Geany ◽  
Aly Diana ◽  
Lisa Houghton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
First Year ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Content Type ◽  
First Year Of Life

ABSTRACT The biological succession that occurs during the first year of life in the gut of infants in Western countries is broadly predictable in terms of the increasing complexity of the composition of microbiotas. Less information is available about microbiotas in Asian countries, where environmental, nutritional, and cultural influences may differentially affect the composition and development of the microbial community. We compared the fecal microbiotas of Indonesian (n = 204) and New Zealand (NZ) (n = 74) infants 6 to 7 months and 12 months of age. Comparisons were made by analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and derivation of community diversity metrics, relative abundances of bacterial families, enterotypes, and cooccurrence correlation networks. Abundances of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis and B. longum subsp. longum were determined by quantitative PCR. All observations supported the view that the Indonesian and NZ infant microbiotas developed in complexity over time, but the changes were much greater for NZ infants. B. longum subsp. infantis dominated the microbiotas of Indonesian children, whereas B. longum subsp. longum was dominant in NZ children. Network analysis showed that the niche model (in which trophic adaptation results in preferential colonization) of the assemblage of microbiotas was supported in Indonesian infants, whereas the neutral (stochastic) model was supported by the development of the microbiotas of NZ infants. The results of the study show that the development of the fecal microbiota is not the same for infants in all countries, and they point to the necessity of obtaining a better understanding of the factors that control the colonization of the gut in early life. IMPORTANCE This study addresses the microbiology of a natural ecosystem (the infant bowel) for children in a rural setting in Indonesia and in an urban environment in New Zealand. Analysis of DNA sequences generated from the microbial community (microbiota) in the feces of the infants during the first year of life showed marked differences in the composition and complexity of the bacterial collections. The differences were most likely due to differences in the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding of infants in the two countries. These kinds of studies are essential for developing concepts of microbial ecology related to the influence of nutrition and environment on the development of the gut microbiota and for determining the long-term effects of microbiological events in early life on human health and well-being.

scholarly journals Blood fibrinogen concent­rations in New Zealand White rabbits during the first year of life

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Petrova ◽  
V. Petrov ◽  
T. Georgieva ◽  
F. Ceciliani
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
First Year ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
First Year Of Life

Infant Feeding and Infectious Disease

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 806-806
Author(s):  
FRED AGRE
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
First Year ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
Infectious Illness ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
First Year Of Life

To the Editor.— In the article "Relationship Between Infant Feeding and Infectious Illness: A Prospective Study of Infants during the First Year of Life" the authors comment on the methodologic failures of other studies.1 These failures include: (1) prospective data on infection and feeding, (2) specifying what is meant by infectious illness and breast-feeding, (3) controlling for other variables, and (4) exposure to illness through time. Such a study accounting for the above methodologic flaws was conducted by me and reported in the American Journal of Diseases of Children.2

Mortality rates of feral ferrets (Mustela furo) in New Zealand

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Caley ◽  
L. M. McElrea ◽  
Jim Hone
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
First Year ◽  
Phase Step ◽  
Step Model ◽  
Life Table Data ◽  
Mustela Furo ◽  
Table Data ◽  
First Year Of Life

Life-table data from feral ferret populations in New Zealand were analysed to estimate their mortality rates, and to test for any additive effect of Mycobacterium bovis infection on observed mortality rates. The observed instantaneous mortality rate was best estimated by modelling mortality as a 2-phase step model with different rates for juveniles (μ1 = 1.45 year–1, 95% C.I. 1.2–1.7 year–1) and adults (μ2 = 0.55 year–1, 95% C.I. 0.4–0.9 year–1). This corresponds to a survival probability of 0.25 during the first year of life, rising to 0.55 year–1 thereafter, and a life expectancy of 0.95 years. At a population level, no additional mortality due to M. bovis infection was observed, suggesting either that the rate of disease-induced mortality was negligible, or that it was compensatory with natural mortality.

scholarly journals Retrospective study on some diseases causing mortality in West African Dwarf (Fouta djallon) goats during the first year of life: an eight-year study

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
M. O. Oyeyemi ◽  
M. O. Akusu
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
West African ◽  
First Year ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Age Group ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Fouta Djallon ◽  
Very High

During an eight-year-study involving 242 kids born between 1993-2000, kid mortality for kids up to / year old was 47.52%. Irrespective of the age group, mortality was generally very high in young kids. The patterns of deaths were as follows: 29.57% before 3 months; 26.96% between 3 and 6 months, 12.17% between 6 and 9 months while 31.30% died between 9 and 12 months of age. Mortality rate for the 6-9 months period was significantly lower (P<0.05) than at other periods. The causes of kids' mortality were bad mothering abilities, malnutrition and disease. Pneumonia (37.39%) and pneumoenteritis (34.78%) were the major causes of death during the first year of life It was found out that kid with birth weight below 1.0kg and twins died before weaning. The introduction of new goat is a source of infectious disease especially PPR in the herd/flock. Also observed, as source is the introduction of new goats at age group 9-12 month. It is recommended that disease prevention, good management including the provision of adequate feeds for good growth and efficient veterinary care should be provided for goats in their first year of lif

scholarly journals Inequalities in Infant Feeding Practices among the Growing Up in New Zealand Cohort

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Gerritsen ◽  
Clare R. Wall ◽  
Cameron C. Grant ◽  
Juliana A. Teixeira ◽  
Dirce M. Marchioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
First Year ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
National Information

Background: Nutrition in the first year of life has a profound and enduring effect on health.This study is the first in New Zealand (NZ) to provide generalizable national information about arange of infant feeding practices beyond breastfeeding [...]

A Longitudinal Study of Breastfeeding and Weaning Practices During the First Year of Life in Dunedin, New Zealand

2002 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 937-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNE-LOUISE M. HEATH ◽  
CYNTHIA REEVES TUTTLE ◽  
MEGAN S.L. SIMONS ◽  
CHRISTINE L. CLEGHORN ◽  
WINSOME R. PARNELL
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life
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