Mortality rates of feral ferrets (Mustela furo) in New Zealand

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Caley ◽  
L. M. McElrea ◽  
Jim Hone
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
First Year ◽  
Phase Step ◽  
Step Model ◽  
Life Table Data ◽  
Mustela Furo ◽  
Table Data ◽  
First Year Of Life

Life-table data from feral ferret populations in New Zealand were analysed to estimate their mortality rates, and to test for any additive effect of Mycobacterium bovis infection on observed mortality rates. The observed instantaneous mortality rate was best estimated by modelling mortality as a 2-phase step model with different rates for juveniles (μ1 = 1.45 year–1, 95% C.I. 1.2–1.7 year–1) and adults (μ2 = 0.55 year–1, 95% C.I. 0.4–0.9 year–1). This corresponds to a survival probability of 0.25 during the first year of life, rising to 0.55 year–1 thereafter, and a life expectancy of 0.95 years. At a population level, no additional mortality due to M. bovis infection was observed, suggesting either that the rate of disease-induced mortality was negligible, or that it was compensatory with natural mortality.

Ethnic disparities in infectious disease hospitalisations in the first year of life in New Zealand

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R Hobbs ◽  
Susan MB Morton ◽  
Polly Atatoa-Carr ◽  
Stephen R Ritchie ◽  
Mark G Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals Fecal Microbiotas of Indonesian and New Zealand Children Differ in Complexity and Bifidobacterial Taxa during the First Year of Life

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blair Lawley ◽  
Anna Otal ◽  
Kit Moloney-Geany ◽  
Aly Diana ◽  
Lisa Houghton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
First Year ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Content Type ◽  
First Year Of Life

ABSTRACT The biological succession that occurs during the first year of life in the gut of infants in Western countries is broadly predictable in terms of the increasing complexity of the composition of microbiotas. Less information is available about microbiotas in Asian countries, where environmental, nutritional, and cultural influences may differentially affect the composition and development of the microbial community. We compared the fecal microbiotas of Indonesian (n = 204) and New Zealand (NZ) (n = 74) infants 6 to 7 months and 12 months of age. Comparisons were made by analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and derivation of community diversity metrics, relative abundances of bacterial families, enterotypes, and cooccurrence correlation networks. Abundances of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis and B. longum subsp. longum were determined by quantitative PCR. All observations supported the view that the Indonesian and NZ infant microbiotas developed in complexity over time, but the changes were much greater for NZ infants. B. longum subsp. infantis dominated the microbiotas of Indonesian children, whereas B. longum subsp. longum was dominant in NZ children. Network analysis showed that the niche model (in which trophic adaptation results in preferential colonization) of the assemblage of microbiotas was supported in Indonesian infants, whereas the neutral (stochastic) model was supported by the development of the microbiotas of NZ infants. The results of the study show that the development of the fecal microbiota is not the same for infants in all countries, and they point to the necessity of obtaining a better understanding of the factors that control the colonization of the gut in early life. IMPORTANCE This study addresses the microbiology of a natural ecosystem (the infant bowel) for children in a rural setting in Indonesia and in an urban environment in New Zealand. Analysis of DNA sequences generated from the microbial community (microbiota) in the feces of the infants during the first year of life showed marked differences in the composition and complexity of the bacterial collections. The differences were most likely due to differences in the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding of infants in the two countries. These kinds of studies are essential for developing concepts of microbial ecology related to the influence of nutrition and environment on the development of the gut microbiota and for determining the long-term effects of microbiological events in early life on human health and well-being.

scholarly journals Blood fibrinogen concent­rations in New Zealand White rabbits during the first year of life

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Petrova ◽  
V. Petrov ◽  
T. Georgieva ◽  
F. Ceciliani
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
First Year ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
First Year Of Life

Infantile Mortality

1930 ◽  
Vol 3 (04) ◽  
pp. 236-244
Author(s):  
John Blossom
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
First Year ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Young Lives

There appears to be very little information, especially of recent date, relating to infantile mortality, in the publications of the Institute, and it is possible that a discussion upon the mortality of very young lives would be of service to those who have to deal with infantile assurances to any great extent.It is well known that infantile mortality rates have, generally, shown continuous improvement during the present century, and we cannot say that such rates have yet reached their lowest limit. For example, the deaths of males and females respectively during the first year of life as exhibited by successive English Life Tables are:—

Statement on Infant Mortality

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1155-1160
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
First Year ◽  
Postneonatal Mortality ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Live Births ◽  
First Year Of Life

Why Is Infant Mortality Important? Rates of infant mortality are sensitive indicators of a broad range of factors affecting children's health. As such, infant mortality is the "tip of the iceberg" of child health problems, and changes in infant mortality are a signal of factors affecting child health more broadly. In addition to its role as a general gauge of child health, infant mortality itself represents an important health problem. It is well to remember that infant death rates are the highest of any age group less than 65 years. The message conveyed by infant mortality rates if better understood in terms of the causes of mortality at different times during the first year of life. Neonatal Mortality Neonatal mortality rate is defined as the number of infants dying between 0 and 27 days of life per 1,000 live births. These deaths in the first month of life reflect primarily factors associated with health of the mother before and during pregnancy and the special problems of the newborn. Deaths in this age range result chiefly from inadequate intruterine growth (prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation) and congenital anomalies. As a result, neonatal mortality rates provide an indicator of the factors affecting pregnancy, delivery, and the neonate and the adequacy of services in the prenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal periods. Postneonatal Mortality Postneonatal mortality rate is defined as the number of infants dying between 28 days and 11 months of life per 1,000 live births, ie, deaths occurring during the remainder of the first year of life.

scholarly journals Inequalities in Infant Feeding Practices among the Growing Up in New Zealand Cohort

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Gerritsen ◽  
Clare R. Wall ◽  
Cameron C. Grant ◽  
Juliana A. Teixeira ◽  
Dirce M. Marchioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
First Year ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
National Information

Background: Nutrition in the first year of life has a profound and enduring effect on health.This study is the first in New Zealand (NZ) to provide generalizable national information about arange of infant feeding practices beyond breastfeeding [...]

Tsetse fly (Diptera: Glossinidae) population dynamics and the estimation of mortality rates from life-table data

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian G. Williams ◽  
Robert D. Dransfield ◽  
Robert Brightwell
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Glossina Pallidipes ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Life Table Data ◽  
Stable Age Distribution ◽  
Table Data

AbstractThe estimation of tsetse fly mortality rates from life-table data is central to opulation dynamics studies and to the development of tsetse fly control programmes. For a population at equilibrium with a stable age distribution, the age-specific mortalities may be estimated directly from the number of individuals in each age class, but a correction must be applied when the population is growing or declining. Furthermore, if the mortality rates are changing with time, inaccuracies will be introduced into estimates of the mortality rates derived from the age structure of the population since the population will take time to reach a new stable age distribution. In this paper we use the Euler-Lotka equation, which relates the age-specific mortality and fecundity to the overall growth rate of the population, to study the loss rate of the tsetse fly Glossina pallidipes (Austen) as a function of pupal mortality, adult mortality and mortalities applied to each age class seperately. We then present a simulation model in order to quantity and to set limits on the precision of estimates of mortalities when the mortalities are themselves changing.

A Longitudinal Study of Breastfeeding and Weaning Practices During the First Year of Life in Dunedin, New Zealand

2002 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 937-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNE-LOUISE M. HEATH ◽  
CYNTHIA REEVES TUTTLE ◽  
MEGAN S.L. SIMONS ◽  
CHRISTINE L. CLEGHORN ◽  
WINSOME R. PARNELL
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life
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