scholarly journals The influence of living mass of the ukrainian black and white dairy breed cells in various everyday periods on their more dairy productivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (84) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Ferenz ◽  
M. I. Polylikh ◽  
G. I. Ilnitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
The Third ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
The Difference

The connection of live weight of cows of Ukrainian black-and-white milk breed in the conditions of the Carpathian region of Lviv region in different ages with their subsequent milk productivity is established. It was investigated that live weight during the period of individual growth and development of animals has a significant impact on hopes, the content of fat in milk and the amount of milk fat. The difference in liveliness between cows with live weight at the first insemination to 300 and 361–380 kg for the first lactation was 249.3, for the second – 500.7 (P < 0.002), for the third – 97.0 kg, and for the highest – 405.5 kg (P < 0.01). Between cows with live weight at the first insemination of 361–380 and 401–420 kg, this difference was 185.1, 319.9 (P < 0.05), 38.7 and 265.3 kg respectively (P < 0.05). According to the results of the research, it can be stated that the optimum live weight during the period of raising cows at 6 months of age is a live weight of 160–180 kg, at 12 months of age it is 260–280 kg and the highest rates are obtained from cows that were growing at 18-months of age had a live weight of 360–380 kg. From the results of our research, it follows that for the Ukrainian black-and-white milk breed in the conditions of the Carpathian region of Lviv, the optimum live weight at the first insemination is 361–380 kg. The share of influence on milk production of live weight of cows during their growing period: at 6 months of age on hopes – 13.53–27.56%, on the fat content in milk – 15.18–39.70 and on the amount of milk fat 11.89–39.41%; at 12 months of age – respectively 24.65–37.84, 23.45–33.0 and 23.37–35.17%; in the 18-month – 27.38–40.93, 29.12–33.23 and 25.81–39.10%, and at the first insemination – 21.59–40.08, 31.32–39.99 and 21.52–39.88% at P < 0.05–0.001. The probable correlation coefficients between the live weight of cows at 6 months of age and the reliance on second, third and highest lactation were 0.163–0.2253 and between live weight and fat content in milk – 0.110–0.233, between live weight at 12 months of age and the expectation for the second, the third and highest lactation – 0.233–0.240 and between the live weight and the amount of milk fat – 0.127–0.202, at the age of 18 months and for the second, third and highest lactation – 0.246–0.337 and between the live weight and the amount of milk fat – 0.116–0.308, and at the first insemination – 0.135–0.195 and 0.118–0.188 respectively at P < 0.005 – P < 0.001.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF COWS OF DIFFERENT BREEDING GROUPS OF THE BUKOVINSKY FACTORY OF THE UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
O. I. Liubynskyi ◽  
R. V. Kasprov
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Breeding Group ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dairy Breed

The studies were conducted on the materials of the breeding record of the breeding plant of JSC "Mirne" of Chernivtsi region - the basic farm of the Bukovyna factory type of the Ukrainian red-speckled dairy breed. 360 cows were selected for analysis, based on live weight, yields, fat and protein content of milk, total milk fat and protein content. The intensification of dairy cattle breeding necessitates the systematic evaluation of animals in herds and populations on the basis of economically useful traits. Analysis of the productive qualities of the cows of the different breeding groups showed that, by live weight, milk yield, milk fat and protein content, the two-breed (II breeding group) animals were better than the three-breed (I breeding group). The difference for the first lactation was 11.2; 32.9; 1.5; 1.0 kg respectively. In cows with the second lactation, the pattern remained, the difference was 22.2; 395.8; 15.8; 13.1 kg respectively, and for the third lactation – 31.4; 124.3; 4.8; 4.2 kg. The fat and protein content of milk varied between 3.88–3.89% and 3.33–3.34%, respectively. It should be noted that in cows of both groups there was a decrease in milk milk yield with increasing number of lactations.An evaluation of the productive qualities of the first-born cows of the different lines showed that Marshall's first-borns were better in live weight, milk yield, milk fat and protein, although they were inferior to other lines in terms of fat and protein content. In the firstborn of the Hanover Red line, the estimated values were lower than in animals of other lines, in particular – by live weight by 11.4 kg, milk yield by 1115.2 kg, milk fat by 44.1 kg, milk protein by 37.2 kg (Chif line), by 5.4; 1336.5; 52.7; 45.2 kg (Starbuck line) and 14.7; 1465; 55.1; 48.3 kg (Marshall Line).The effectiveness of breeding for increasing dairy productivity of cows depends on the efficiency of selection and selection of animals, taking into account the phenotypic and genetic correlation between economically beneficial traits. It was found that the highest positive values of correlation coefficients were observed in the cows of the studied groups between milk yield and protein content in the context of all lactations – 1st breeding group (r = 0,12–0,25), 2 nd breeding group (r = 0.19–0.3). In the cows of the first breeding group for the first and second lactations revealed not high but positive correlation of milk yield with live weight (r = 0.33–0.49). In the cows of the second breeding group for the first and second lactation positive correlation with milk fat content was found.The first positive cows of different lines showed the highest positive values of the correlation coefficients between milking and protein content (r = 0.19–0.43). There was also a low positive correlation of milk yield with live weight in the firstborn of all evaluated lines (r = 0.03–0.09), as well as milk fat content in cows of Starbuck and Marshall lines.Conclusions. 1. By live weight, milk yield, milk fat and protein content, two-bovine cows of the Bukovyna factory type of Ukrainian red-speckled dairy breed were better than three-born. The fat and protein content of milk varied between 3.88–3.89% and 3.33–3.34%, respectively. In cows of both groups there was a decrease in milk yield with increasing number of lactations.2. By live weight, milk yield, milk fat and protein content, Marshall Line firsts were better, although they were inferior to other lines in terms of fat and protein content. In the firstborn of the Hanover Red line, the estimates were lower than in other line animals.3. The highest positive values of correlation coefficients were observed between milk yield and protein content in the context of all lactations in the cows of Bukovyna factory type of Ukrainian red-rippled dairy breed. In two breeds of cows for the first and second lactation revealed not high but positive correlation of milk yield with live weight, and in three breeds for the first and second lactation positive correlation of milk yield with fat content.

scholarly journals Dairy productivity of Simmental breed cows depending on their live weight during growing period

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (79) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Fedorovych
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Farming Industry ◽  
Economic Use

One of the main factors for effective breeding is the level of growth of repair young animals, which at all ages has a significant impact on animal health and their future productivity, duration of economic use and largely determines the efficiency of the dairy farming industry. It is important to know the potential capabilities of each animal's body since its birth, since the genetically programmed productivity of cows can only be realized if they are favorably grown at different ages at a young age. Therefore, the purpose of the research was to study the dependence of the milk productivity of the Simmental breed cows on their live weight during the period of growing. The research was carried out at LCC «Litinske», Drohobych district of Lviv region. The live weight of cows was studied at the age of 6, 12, 18 months, at the first insemination and after the first calving, and the assessment of milk productivity was carried out on the basis of diet, the fat content of milk and the amount of milk fat for the first, second, third and best lactation on the materials of the primary zootechnical accounting. It was established that the milk yield of cows, depending on lactation, were within the range of 3026.4–3685.8 kg, the fat content of milk – within 3.76–3.80% and the amount of milk fat – within the range of 113.6–139.8 kg. The live weight of the experimental animals at birth was 32.5, at 6 months – 185.9, in 12 months – 302.3, in 18 months – 405.2, at the first insemination – 396.9 and in the first calving – 514.7 kg It should be noted that the first fertile insemination of Simmental heifers occurred at the age of 19.7 months, and their first calving – at the age of 29.0 months. The highest diet and the amount of milk fat in cows were observed for their live weight at birth 33–34 kg, at 6 months of age – 171–190, in 12 months – 291–300, in 18 months – 401–415, at the first insemination – 416–430 and in the first calving – 501–530 kg. The correlation coefficients of the live weight of animals at young age and their subsequent milk productivity, depending on the age and lactation of the animals, were within the range of 0.18–0.24, and the influence of live weight of heifers on their subsequent milk productivity – within 12.3–20.1%.

Milk productivity of the cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in environment of the Novosibirsk region

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zheltikov ◽  
N. Kostomakhin ◽  
D. Adushinov ◽  
O. Zaiko ◽  
V. Dementev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

The characteristic of milk productivity of cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” in the Maslyaninsky district in the Novosibirsk region has been given. It has been revealed that under the natural and climatic environments of the Western Siberia, when creating favorable conditions for feeding and housing for cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds have sufficiently high milk productivity. It has been found that Holstein first-calf heifers surpassed their Simmental herdmates by 959 kg in milk yield for the first 305 days of lactation under the same conditions of housing and feeding, by 3,1 kg in daily milk yield, by 38,2 kg in milk fat yield, and by 28,3 kg in milk protein yield (P < 0,001). There were no statistically significant differences between animals of Holstein and Simmental breeds in terms of fat and protein content in milk, which amounted to 3,94 and 2,96 % in Holstein breed and 3,97 and 2,98 % in Simmental breed, respectively. Both breeds have shown high milk productivity during the first 3 lactations. Thus, the milk yield of Holstein cows for the first 3 lactation was 6475–9290 kg, Simmental cows it was 5516–7680 kg, fat content was 3,93–3,99 and 3,96–3,97 %, respectively. The protein content in the milk of cows of both breeds did not exceed 3,0 %. High variability has been found in milk yield, yield of milk fat and protein, the coefficient of milk content and duration of lactation, the lowest in the content of protein and fat in milk and live weight. The correlation coefficients between the fat and protein content in milk were generally positive, but did not exceed 0,28. Therefore, breeding in the herd of cows in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” have to be conducted not only by fat content, but also by protein content in milk.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE BODY MEASUREMENTS COWS UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED AFTER THE FIRST CALVING ON THE FORMATION OF FURTHER MILK PRODUCTIVITI

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
М. І. Kuziv ◽  
Е. І. Fedorovych ◽  
N. M. Kuziv ◽  
I. V. Novak
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Pelvic Bones ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Dairy Breed

The productivity cow dairy breed largely depends on the careful evaluation and selection of animals by milk production and the type of exterior. The estimation of animals by measuring of body plays an important role in plant-breeding work in the process of further improvement of the newly formed Ukrainian dairy breeds by the type. It’s because exterior is one of the main signs of breeding dairy cattle together with indicators of milk production, reproductive ability and productive longevity. The aim of research was to investigate the formation of milk productivity of cows black and white dairy cattle based on their body measurements after the first calving. The research was done on animals Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed in the «Milk River» farm in the Sokal and Brody offices breeding reproducers «Breeder» Lviv region and plant-breeding «Yamnytsya» Ivano-Frankivsk region. The body measurements of first calving cows (height at withers and depth of chest, breast width, chest girth, scythe body length, the width of the pelvic bones and metacarpus circumference cow) and milk productivity (the milk yield, fat content in milk and milk fat) cows first, second, third and better lactation were studied by the materials zoo technical accounting. The force of influence on performance metrics was calculated by Single-factor disperse analysis method. The results of research were treated by variational statistics by G.F. Lakin. Established that the milk yield of cows Ukrainian black-and-white dairy cattle depends on body measurements after the first calving. The cows Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed in Western Ukraine that after the first calving had a height at the withers 134-136,9 cm, depth of chest – 76 cm or more, chest width – 47 cm or more, chest girth by shoulder blades – 196-203,9 cm, scythe body length – 160-164,9 cm, the width of the pelvic bones – 53 cm and metacarpus circumference cow –19-20,4 cm, are the most productive. Animals with these measurements of the body most of the largest number of yield milk and milk fat had probable advantage over cows with other indicators of these measurements. By the fat content in milk by the first, second, third and better lactation there was no significant difference between animals with different body measurements after the first calving in most cases. Among the studied parameters milk productivity of cows and measurements of their bodies after first calving we found varying strength and direction of correlation. The correlation coefficients between body measurements firstborns and yield milk by the first, second, third and better lactation were positive and depended on measurements and lactation ranged from +0,297 to +0,478. Between such measurements of firstborns, as the height at the withers, the depth of chest, width of chest, chest girth in blades, the width of the pelvic bones and with fat content in milk for the first, second, third and better lactation correlation coefficients were though low, but positive, and dependently on measurements and lactation were within +0,026 – +0,109. The correlation coefficients between the oblique body length after the first calving cows and fat content in milk were negative (-0,045 – -0,005) and between metacarpus circumference and fat ranged from negative to positive values (-0,038 – +0,017). The correlation coefficients between measurements body in firstborn and milk fat yield in the first, second, third and better lactation were positive and dependently on measurements and lactation ranged from +0,288 to +0,473. The likely positive correlation coefficient between soundings article body and yield milk and milk fat yield indicates that selection of cows by exterior will ensure the effectiveness of selection by milk productivity. The impact of body measurements cows after first calving on the milk yield value dependently on lactation yield was 7,6-22,9 %, on the yield of milk fat – 7,1-22,9 %. The greatest influence on these indicators were height at the withers, the depth of the chest, chest girth shoulder blades and scythe body length, somewhat lower impact had breast width and the width of the pelvic bones and lowest – metacarpus circumference. The impact of body measurements cows after first calving on the fat content in milk was negligible and, dependently on measurements and lactation ranged from 0,1 to 1,6 %.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE INTENSITY OF BREEDING OF HEIFERS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED IN DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS ON THE FUTURE DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
S. F. Antonenko
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group I ◽  
Animal Number ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference

The scientific experiment was carried out in two stages at State enterprise pilot farm “Hontarivka”, Vovchansk district, Kharkiv region. First stage. In a retrospective analysis of the rearing calf intensity from 3 to 6 months revealed that the highest live weight at 6-month age had animals of group III, .which is probably 47.0 kg or 34.6% and 23.0 kg or 14.4% (P < 0.001 in both comparison cases) outperformed peers I and II groups. A similar trend was observed in the analysis of live weight of heifers at 9 and 12-month age. Live weight at insemination in the higher growth group also had better rates of 4.0 and 3.7%, respectively, in animals of groups I and II (P < 0.001–0.05). It should be noted that the required live weight for insemination at heifers at growth rates of up to 500 g was reached in only 20.3 months, however, in the other two groups, the insemination age decreased by 1.5 and 1.7 months. Firstcalf heifers from group III also had the highest milk expectancy of 170.0 and 123.0 kg, or 3.1 and 2.3%, respectively, then animals in groups I and II. In the age period from 6 to 9 months it was found that at 9-month age heifers of group III had a higher live weight against animals of I and II groups respectively by 39.0 and 16.0 kg or 18.8 and 7.0% (P < 0.001 in both comparison cases). Intergroup differences by this indicator at 12-month age hiefers decreased to 35.0 and 8.0 kg, respectively, or 13.0 and 2.7% (P < 0.001 in both cases of comparison), which provided an advantage for the live weight of group III over I and II groups during the first fruitful insemination. Whereas the age of first fruitfull insemination, on the contrary, was lower at heifers of group III at 49 and 34 days than at groups I and II heifers. The highest milk productivity was also found at firstcalf heifers of group III at 634 kg or 12.3% (P < 0.001) and at 137 kg or 2.5% against animal I and II groups. The heifer live weight at the period from 9 to 12 months corresponded to the established differences at other age periods generally. And 12-month age calves of group III also significantly exceeded the analogues of group I by 38.0 kg or 14.0% (P < 0.001) and peers of group II – by 23.0 kg or 8.0% (P < 0.001). The live weight at fruitfull insemination of group III heifers was the largest and the difference compared with animals of group I was 21.0 kg or 5.3% (P < 0.01) and group II – 19.0 kg or 4.8% (P < 0.001). Group III animals also had the highest milk productivity, which is likely to be higher than group I peers by 751 kg or 14.5% (P < 0.001) and group II animals by 552 kg or 10.3% (P < 0.001). Second stage. It was found that during the experiment, live weight of free-stall keeping heifers were outnumbered by peers. In particular, the live weight of group I animals at the first month of the experiment was less by 8.0 kg or 2.9%, the second by 15.0 kg or 4.7% (P < 0.05) and the third by 19.0 kg or 5.4% against peers of group II. A similar pattern was observed in the estimation of intensive growth of these animals. However, at the end of the experiment, the heifers of the experimental group were 7.0 cm or 5.9% (P < 0.001) higher in the withers, 7.0 cm or 5.6% (P < 0.001) in the back, and the sacrum – 6.0 cm or 4.7% (P < 0.001). They showed deeper breasts by 3.0 cm or 4.9% (P < 0.01), larger breast widths – by 2.0 cm or 5.4% (P < 0.01), width in macaques – by 2.0 cm or 4.9% (P < 0.01), oblique torso length – 8.0 cm or 5.8% (P < 0.001), chest circumference 9.0 cm or 5.6% (P < 0.001) and girth – 1.0 cm or 6.1% (P < 0.01). It should be noted that from the second month of the research the animal number the free-stall keeping animal number, which ready for insemination, was more at 2.3 times or 5 goals than stall keeping heifers, and their live weight was more at 8 kg or 3.0%. With age, the differences between the groups gradually increased and by the third month reached 8 goals or 2.6 times and 19.0 kg or 5.7%.

scholarly journals Influence of chromium on the energy of growth of the black-and-white heifers

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
Viktor Aleksandrovich Kokorev ◽  
Alexander Mikhailovich Guryanov ◽  
Nadezhda Ivanovna Gibalkina
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Levels

The influence of different levels of chromium in the diets of black-and-white heifers on the energy of their growth was studied. It was established that the optimization of this element in their diets increases the difference in live weight by the end of the period of their cultivation. So, at 27 months of age, heifers of the first group increased their live weight by 4.1 kg (p <0.05) and 2.0 kg, which is 0.8% and 0.4% more than peers from the second and the third group receiving a reduced and increased dosage of chromium

scholarly journals The influence of genotypic factors on the forming of the economic use of values of ukrainian bleck and wheat milk breeds

2018 ◽  
pp. 6-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Klopenko ◽  
R. Stavetska ◽  
M. Bushtruk ◽  
I. Starostenko ◽  
O. Babenko
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Selection Of

The evaluation of dairy cows` exterior plays a key role in the system of breeding because well-defined breed typology and high exterior evaluation cause high production efficiency. The objective of the study was to evaluate the exterior of the cows in Ukrainian Black and White dairy breed, to analyze the effectiveness of the selection of first-calf cows according to the body measurements and to study the influence of genotype factors on the formation of the exterior. For research purpose animal groups were formed on the principle of analogues, taking into account the part of Holstein inheritance, parentage, linear belonging, and age. Depending on the part of Holstein inheritance researched livestock was divided into three groups: 75,0-87,4 %, 87,5-99,9 % and 100 %. As a result of our own research it has been established that simultaneously with an increasing of the part of Holstein inheritance the body measurements increase too. It indicates about the improving effect of the Holstein breed on the formation of the exterior in the Ukrainian black-and-white milk breed. The first-calf cows with part of Holstein inheritance 100 % have advantages over the cows with the same age with part of Holstein inheritance 75,0-87,4 % with the withers height – 4 cm (P < 0,001), sacrum height – 4 cm (P <0.001), depth of chest – 1 cm, width of chest – 1 cm, width of hips – 1 cm, length of thoracic – 3 cm, chest girth – 2 cm, width of pins – 1 cm (P <0,001); the advantage over the first-calf cows with part of Holstein inheritance 87,5-99,9 % was 3 cm in withers height, 2 cm in sacrum height and 1 cm in all other cases. An increasing of the part of Holstein inheritance is accompanied by an increasing of milk yield, milk fat and milk protein. The higher milk yield had cows with the part of Holstein inheritance 100 % – by 294 kg compared to cows of the same age with the part of Holstein inheritance 87,5-99,9 % and by 2017 kg (P < 0,001) compared to cows of the same age with the part of Holstein inheritance 75,0-87,4 %. Fat content in milk of cows with the part of Holstein inheritance 100 % was lower by 0,02 % compared to cows with the part of Holstein inheritance 87,5-99,9 % and 0,21 % (P < 0,001) compared to cows with the part of Holstein inheritance 75,0-87,4 %, it was expected – the higher milk yield, the lower fat content in milk. The effectiveness of the simultaneous complex selection of dairy cattle on several grounds depends on the existence of correlation between them. The correlation between the body measurements of cows and 305-milk yield is positive, but varied in strength. The average strength of the correlation is observed between the milk yield and withers height (r = +0,233, P < 0,001), milk yield and length of thoracic (r = +0,332, P < 0,01), in other cases, the strength of the correlation is weak, but with sacrum height (P < 0,01), chest girt (P < 0,01) and depth of chest (P < 0,05) is significant. One-factor dispersion analysis was carried out to determine the level of determinism of live weight and body measurements by genotype factors. According to the results it was established that the influence of the bull's origin on the live weight of their first-calf daughters was 72,8 %, on the body measurements – 31,5- 91,3 %, the influence of line belonging amounted 81,0 % and 36,1-69,4 %, the influence of the part of Holstein inheritance was 26,3 % and 15,9-39,5 %, respectively. All genotypic factors have a significant effect on the live weight of the first-calf cows (P < 0,05 ... 0,001), withers height (P < 0,05...0,01), width of chest (P < 0,01...0,001) and width of pins (P < 0,05...0,001). Thus, the greatest influence on the body measurements and live weight of first-calf cows has the bull's origin, just below – the line belonging, the lowest – the part of Holstein inheritance, but in all cases it is rather high. It was established that for improvement of the cows` exterior will be promote the using of bulls and lines that have the desirable indicators of live weight and body measurements of daughters, as well as animals with a high part of Holstein inheritance, which have by good exterior characteristics. For effective selection it is needed to use of detected correlations between milk yield and body measurements. Key words: exterior, body measurements, part of Holstein inheritance, bull's origin, milk productivity.

The effect of supplements of sucrose and of glucose monohydrate on the milk production and live weight of dairy cows

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Broster ◽  
J. D. Sutton ◽  
T. Smith ◽  
Valerie J. Broster ◽  
C. C. Balch
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
The Third ◽  
Effect Of Glucose

SUMMARYThree experiments on the effects of sugars on milk production and live weight of cows are described. Two experiments each with twelve cows were of latin square design with 5-week periods. The third was a continuous treatment experiment of 11 weeks duration with twenty cows. All the animals were in mid-lactation. Performance on the basal diet of hay and concentrates was compared to that when the basal diet was supplemented with 10·7 Meal digestible energy daily in the form of sucrose or glucose monohydrate or concentrates.Additional concentrates regularly increased milk yield, live-weight gain, solids-not-fat content of the milk, and yields of solids-not-fat and milk fat. Fat content of the milk was not affected.Sucrose had a small beneficial effect on milk yield; the effect of glucose monohydrate on yield was small and indecisive. Sucrose depressed milk fat percentage; the effect of glucose on milk fat percentage varied between experiments. Both sugars increased solids-not-fat content of the milk, solids-not-fat yield, and rate of live-weight gain.Over the longer treatment period in the third experiment milk fat content tended to recover partially for both sugar-supplemented rations. The effects on yield of milk and of milk fat did not alter. The effects on live-weight gain were established more decisively and the final order of the size of the beneficial effect of the supplements was: concentrates, glucose monohydrate, sucrose.At the end of the third experiment rumen, contents from all cows were sampled by stomach tube. The concentrates supplement had no effect on the proportions of volatile fatty acids. Both sugars depressed the proportion of acetic acid and increased the proportions of propionic, butyric and valeric acids. In all cases except that of butyric acid, where the reverse occurred, the effect of sucrose was greater than that of glucose monohydrate.

scholarly journals Characteristics of economically important traits of cows depending on their body built

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
Yu. Dynko ◽  
R. Stavetska ◽  
O. Babenko ◽  
I. Starostenko ◽  
N. Klopenko
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dense Body ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Rough Body ◽  
Daily Gain

A comparative evaluation of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows of friable and dense, delicate and rough body built have been carried out. The dynamics of their live weight during the growing period, exterior, milk productivity and reproductive ability were investigated. Heifers with dense body built compared to the animals with friable body built were characterized by higher live weight at the age of 3; 6; 9; 12; 15 and 18 months and at the first insemination by 5,4-47,9 kg. Heifers with delicate body bult compared to the cows of the same age with rough body built were dominated by a live weight during growing period by 2,0-24,4 kg. The average daily gain of heifers with dense body built was 665 g (+93 g compared to friable body bullt, P <0,01), average daily gain of heifers with delicate body bult was 624 g (+24 g compared to rough body built). The primiparous cows with friable body built had larger sizes than cows of the same age with dense body built. At the withers they were higher by 1,2 cm, they had an advantage in chest girth – 8,9 cm (P < 0,001), chest width and chest depth behind the shoulder – 3,2 cm (P < 0,001) and 2,0 cm (P < 0,05), respectively, chest width and chest depth behind the last rib – 3,1 cm (P < 0,01) and 2,6 cm (P < 0,001), chest length – 2,1 cm (P < 0,05 ). The primiparous cows with delicate and rough body built were characterized by less marked differences in body measurements. Cows with delicate body bult compared to the cows with rough body built were taller by 4,9 cm (P < 0,001), with deeper chest behind the shoulder –1,7 cm (P < 0,05) and with longer body (oblique body length was more on 1,3 cm). Cows with rough body built had significantly larger chest width behind the last rib – by 2,1 cm (P < 0,05) and metacarpus girth – by 0,7 cm (P < 0,01). Higher milk productivity has been observed in cows with dense and delicate body built. The primiparous cows with dense body built had higher 305-d milk yield on 117 kg, milk fat yield –on 6,2 kg, milk protein yield – on 4,2 kg, fat content and protein content in milk – on 0,02% and 0,01%, respectively. Between cows with delicate and rough body built difference in milk yield was 340 kg, milk fat yield and milk protein – 12,1 kg and 10,5 kg, respectively,fat content and protein content in milk had no differences. Better reproductive ability has been observed in cows with friable body built (open days – 157, calf crop percent – 85,5%) and rough body built (145 days and 85,9%, respectively), it meant in cows with body built, that had lower milk productivity. Taking into account the characteristics of cows with different body built makes it possible to optimize the selection process in a particular herd and directing the selection in the desired direction. Key words: cows, Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, body built, live weight, body measurements, milk productivity, reproduction ability.

scholarly journals PHENOTYPE FEATURES APPEARANCE OF DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF DIFFERENT UKRAINIAN DAIRY BLACK-AND-WHITE BREED COWS GENOTYPES

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Pendyuk ◽  
V. V. Fedorovych ◽  
N. P. Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
A Share

The main task of breeding in dairy cattle breeding is to raise dairy productivity of cows. Improvement of productive qualities of domestic dairy cattle with the use of Holstein breeders of high breeding value led to serious disadvantages, including impairment of animal health, reproductive capacity and quality of milk. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to examine the milk productivity of cows of different genotypes of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed and ascertain the relationship between quantitative and qualitative indicators of milk. Research conducted at agricultural limited liability company "Lishche" Lutsk district of Volyn region on cows of different genotypes of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed. 5 groups of animals were formed: I − cows with a proportion of Holstein breed 75% or less, II − with a share Holstein heredity 75.1–81.25%, III − Holstein heredity share 81.26–87.50%, ІV − with a share of the heredity of the Holstein 87.51–93.75% and V − with a share of the heredity of the Holstein more than 93.75%. Evaluation of milk productivity was carried out by milk yield, fat content in milk and the amount of milk fat for the first, second, third and highest lactations according to the data of zootechnical accounting. It was found that the largest number of animals under control (33.7%) was with the relative share of Holstein heredity of 81.26–87.50%, and the lowest (9.3%) was with relative share of the Holstein breed's heredity more than 93.75%. Analysis of the level of milk yield of cows of different genotypes showed that the increase of Holstein heredity increases milk yields, however, significantly reduces the fat content of milk. If the animals have a share of Holstein heredity up to 75% the milk yields was 5154, and the amount of milk fat − 199.7 kg, and cows with hereditary of 75.10–81.25% showed figures increased by 16.4 and 15.5%, with Holstein heredity 81.26–87.50% by 23.3 and 20.8%, Holstein heredity 87.51–93.75% for 26.1 and 23.2% and with Holstein heredity more than 93.75% for 34.8 and 31.4%, and fat content in milk, on the contrary, decreased, depending on the genotype of animals, by 1.6–2.3%. In all in the above cases, these changes were highly significant (P < 0.001). The effectiveness of breeding on increasing the milk productivity of cows depends on the efficiency of selection and selection of animals, taking into account the phenotypic and genetic correlation between economically useful features. It was found that the studied cows of all genotypes had highest highly reliable (P < 0.001) positive values of correlation coefficients between milk yield and milk fat (Table 2). These features are the most predicted because strong relationship between them (r = 0.912–0.987). There was also observed direct positive ligament (r = 0.039–0.533, P < 0.05–0.001) between fat content in milk and milk fat content, and mostly weak, and only in some cases correlation coefficients had average values. The cows of the studied genotypes had the lowest and for the most part unreliable values of relative variability by the milk yields and fat content milk. The heifers with conditional share of Holstein heredity, more than 75% had negative and weak relationship features, and the older cows were diversified from weak to average values. One of the reliable criteria for determining the level of heredity of features is the coefficient of frequency, which indicates their heredity stability in age. Coefficients of age-related frequency of milk yield, fat content of milk and the highest milk fat content of cows with a conditional share of Holstein heredity of up to 75% had indicating a higher degree of heredity of these features compared to high half-bred cows. With the increasing of heredity of the Holstein breed the genotype of controlled animals values were decreasing for the most part. The most significant and reliable (P < 0.001) genotype of animals affected milk yields (13.3–18.1% of the total variability of this feature), less – the fat content of milk (9.3–13.2% (P < 0.001) and the amount of milk fat (6.6–14.1% (P < 0.001), with the highest genotype influence on the studied features indicated in the first lactation.

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