scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE INTENSITY OF BREEDING OF HEIFERS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED IN DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS ON THE FUTURE DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
S. F. Antonenko
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group I ◽  
Animal Number ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference

The scientific experiment was carried out in two stages at State enterprise pilot farm “Hontarivka”, Vovchansk district, Kharkiv region. First stage. In a retrospective analysis of the rearing calf intensity from 3 to 6 months revealed that the highest live weight at 6-month age had animals of group III, .which is probably 47.0 kg or 34.6% and 23.0 kg or 14.4% (P < 0.001 in both comparison cases) outperformed peers I and II groups. A similar trend was observed in the analysis of live weight of heifers at 9 and 12-month age. Live weight at insemination in the higher growth group also had better rates of 4.0 and 3.7%, respectively, in animals of groups I and II (P < 0.001–0.05). It should be noted that the required live weight for insemination at heifers at growth rates of up to 500 g was reached in only 20.3 months, however, in the other two groups, the insemination age decreased by 1.5 and 1.7 months. Firstcalf heifers from group III also had the highest milk expectancy of 170.0 and 123.0 kg, or 3.1 and 2.3%, respectively, then animals in groups I and II. In the age period from 6 to 9 months it was found that at 9-month age heifers of group III had a higher live weight against animals of I and II groups respectively by 39.0 and 16.0 kg or 18.8 and 7.0% (P < 0.001 in both comparison cases). Intergroup differences by this indicator at 12-month age hiefers decreased to 35.0 and 8.0 kg, respectively, or 13.0 and 2.7% (P < 0.001 in both cases of comparison), which provided an advantage for the live weight of group III over I and II groups during the first fruitful insemination. Whereas the age of first fruitfull insemination, on the contrary, was lower at heifers of group III at 49 and 34 days than at groups I and II heifers. The highest milk productivity was also found at firstcalf heifers of group III at 634 kg or 12.3% (P < 0.001) and at 137 kg or 2.5% against animal I and II groups. The heifer live weight at the period from 9 to 12 months corresponded to the established differences at other age periods generally. And 12-month age calves of group III also significantly exceeded the analogues of group I by 38.0 kg or 14.0% (P < 0.001) and peers of group II – by 23.0 kg or 8.0% (P < 0.001). The live weight at fruitfull insemination of group III heifers was the largest and the difference compared with animals of group I was 21.0 kg or 5.3% (P < 0.01) and group II – 19.0 kg or 4.8% (P < 0.001). Group III animals also had the highest milk productivity, which is likely to be higher than group I peers by 751 kg or 14.5% (P < 0.001) and group II animals by 552 kg or 10.3% (P < 0.001). Second stage. It was found that during the experiment, live weight of free-stall keeping heifers were outnumbered by peers. In particular, the live weight of group I animals at the first month of the experiment was less by 8.0 kg or 2.9%, the second by 15.0 kg or 4.7% (P < 0.05) and the third by 19.0 kg or 5.4% against peers of group II. A similar pattern was observed in the estimation of intensive growth of these animals. However, at the end of the experiment, the heifers of the experimental group were 7.0 cm or 5.9% (P < 0.001) higher in the withers, 7.0 cm or 5.6% (P < 0.001) in the back, and the sacrum – 6.0 cm or 4.7% (P < 0.001). They showed deeper breasts by 3.0 cm or 4.9% (P < 0.01), larger breast widths – by 2.0 cm or 5.4% (P < 0.01), width in macaques – by 2.0 cm or 4.9% (P < 0.01), oblique torso length – 8.0 cm or 5.8% (P < 0.001), chest circumference 9.0 cm or 5.6% (P < 0.001) and girth – 1.0 cm or 6.1% (P < 0.01). It should be noted that from the second month of the research the animal number the free-stall keeping animal number, which ready for insemination, was more at 2.3 times or 5 goals than stall keeping heifers, and their live weight was more at 8 kg or 3.0%. With age, the differences between the groups gradually increased and by the third month reached 8 goals or 2.6 times and 19.0 kg or 5.7%.

ДИНАМИКА МОЛОЧНОЙ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ ПЕРВОТЕЛОК ЧЕРНО-ПЕСТРОЙ ПОРОДЫ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ СПОСОБА СОДЕРЖАНИЯ И СЕЗОНА ОТЕЛА

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. OVODKOV ◽  
Ah.S. DELYAN
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Group I ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Calving Season

Изучено влияние способа содержания и сезона отела на лактационную деятельность голштинизированных коров-первотелок черно-пестрой породы. Исследования проведены в условиях сельскохозяйственного предприятия Тверской области на 4 группах животных: I группа — привязное содержание, летние отелы; II — привязное содержание, зимние отелы; III — беспривязное содержание, летние отелы; IV — беспривязное содержание, зимние отелы. Максимальные удои у коров I, III и IV групп были получены на 3-м мес лактации, II — на 2-м. Удой в I, II, III и IV группах составил, соответственно, 7714, 8717, 7682 и 7930 кг молока за 305 дней лактации. Удой коров за первые 3 мес в % к удою за 305 дней лактаций: I группа — 33,7%, II — 35,8, III — 34,4, IV — 35,9%. Максимальный суточный удой в I группе равнялся 30,8 кг, во II — 36,5, в III —29,7 и в IV — 35,3. Среднесуточный удой за 305 дней лактации в I группе составил 21,2 кг, во II — 23,6, в III группе — 19,4 и в IV группе — 21,7. Коэффициент постоянства лактации в I II III и IV группах равнялся 93,2, 94,2, 89,2 и 98%, соответственно. Независимо от способа содержания более высокие показатели молочной продуктивности и устойчивости лактационной деятельности имели коровы, отелившиеся в зимний период.The influence of the method of keeping and calving season on the lactation activity of Holstein cows-heifers of black-and-white breed is studied. Studies were conducted in the agricultural enterprise of the Tver region on 4 groups of animals: I group — tethered content, summer calving; 2 — tethered content, winter calving; III — loose content, summer calving; 4 — loose content, winter calving. Maximum milk yield in cows I and III and IV groups were obtained on the 3rd month of lactation, the second — at the 2nd. Milk Yield in I, II and III and in IV groups made, respectively, 7714, 8717, 7682 and 7930 kg of milk for 305 days of lactation. Milk yield of cows for the first 3% to milk yield for 305 days of lactation: group I-33,7%, II — 35,8, III-34,4, IV-35,9%. The maximum daily yield in group I was 30.8 kg, in group II — 36.5, in group III — 29.7 and in group IV — 35.3. The average daily yield for 305 days of lactation in group I was 21.2 kg, in group II — 23.6, in group III — 19.4 and in group IV — 21.7. The coefficient of persistence of lactation in I, II, III and IV groups was equal to 93.2 per cent, 94,2, to 89.2 and 98%, respectively. Regardless of the method of maintenance, cows calving in winter had higher indicators of milk productivity and stability of lactation activity.

scholarly journals DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED COWS DEPENDING ON THE GENOTYPE

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
O. V. Sydorenko
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Group V ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Dairy Breed

The research was carried out according to the materials of pedigree records of 10 breeding farms for breeding Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle. Following the requirements of the Instruction on grading cattle of dairy and dairy-meat breeds, regarding the distribution of local animals by generations on the basis of the conditional share of blood by breeding breed, cows in these herds were divided into 5 groups with the corresponding conditional share of blood by Holstein breed: group I – 50.0–74.9%; ІІ – 75.0–87.4%; III – 87.5–93.7%; IV – 93.8–96.8%; V – 96.9% or more. It was found that in breeding herds among 1940 first-born cows the number of crossbreed animals of the I–III generation was 905 heads (46.6%), and the IV generation and older – 1035 heads (53.4%). During the first lactation, cows of the I group exceeded their peers of the II group by 386 kg (p < 0.05), III – by 159 kg, IV – by 332 kg, but were 114 kg inferior to individuals of the V group. The highest yield of cows for the first lactation – 5996 kg of milk, obtained in group V. The largest amount of milk fat was obtained from cows of group I – 225.5 kg, which is 3.2–20.2 kg (p < 0.01), more than peers of other studied groups. During the second lactation, the hopes of cows of groups II–IV did not increase in comparison with group I with the increase in their genotype of conditional blood by Holstein breed. Cows of the I group exceeded the expectations of the representatives of the II group by 277 kg, III – by 125 kg and IV – by 264 kg, but were 237 kg inferior to animals of the V group. The amount of milk fat during the second lactation did not depend on the conditional blood by the improving breed and was the highest in individuals of group I – 244.2 kg, respectively. During the third lactation, the largest amount of milk was obtained from cows of group V – 6654 kg. In turn, this lactation is also characterized by a decrease in milk yield in cows of groups II–IV compared to the first and V groups. It was determined that cows of group I produced 277 kg more milk than representatives of group II and 260 and 415 kg – III and IV groups, respectively. The obtained amount of milk fat did not correlate with the conditional blood of cows by the breeding breed. During the IV lactation, cows of the experimental groups produced from 5880 to 6879 kg of milk while maintaining the trend of uneven milk yield depending on the influence of conditional blood in their genotype of Holstein breed. It was found that cows of group I for 305 days of the fourth lactation produced 6173 kg of milk and outnumbered only representatives of group II (293 kg), but inferior to individuals of group III by 23 kg, IV – by 297 kg and V – by 706 kg. Group V cows were also characterized by the highest amount of milk fat in milk. It is established that only from V lactation a clear dependence of yield cows on conditional blood for the improving breed. Thus, cows of group I produced 301–1613 kg (p < 0.01) less milk per lactation than individuals of other groups, whose conditional blood content by Holstein breed was higher. A similar trend is set for the amount of milk fat. Dairy productivity of VI lactating cows, similarly to V, has a clear tendency to increase with increasing conditional blood of Holstein breed in their genotype. Cows of group I in terms of milk yield were inferior to representatives of group II by 1052 kg, III – by 1179 kg, IV – by 1395 and V – by 2257 kg (p < 0.05). The amount of milk fat was consistent with the amount of milk obtained. It was found that in local cows with a conditional share of blood for the improving breed at the level of 50.0–74.9% of hopes increased from I to III lactation. In cows with a conditional share of blood by Holstein breed in the range of 75.0–87.4% of hopes increased from I to III lactation, with a further decrease in productivity from IV to VI lactation. The amount of milk fat correlated with the milk yield per lactation in cows, a statistically significant difference was found only between the first and second lactations. Crossbreed cows of the III genotypic group, conditional blood according to Holsteins in which 87.5–93.7%, showed the highest milk productivity during the third lactation – 6286 kg. The largest amount of milk fat was obtained in the milk of animals of the third lactation – 239.4 kg. High-blooded cows of the IV genotype group differed significantly in milk productivity from the representatives of other groups. In cows of this group, milk yield increased from I to V lactation and decreased during VI lactation. The amount of milk fat depended on milk yield and increased in proportion to the amount of milk obtained during lactation. It is determined that the content of the most high-blooded Holstein cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, the conditional share of blood which is 96.9% and above is the most economically advantageous for milk production, as they increase milk productivity from I to V lactation.

Seasonal variations in wool growth and heat tolerance of sheep. I. Wool growth

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wodzicka
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seasonal Rhythm ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference

The monthly wool growth of three groups of rams was studied at Beltsville, Maryland. Group I received natural daylight (at 38° 53' N.) and was shorn monthly. Group II had a 7:17 hours of daylight to hours of darkness rhythm and was shorn every 6 months, once in winter and once in summer. Group III received natural daylight and was likewise shorn every 6 months. The rams of all groups produced more wool in summer than in winter. This difference was significant (P<0.001). The mean body weight and food intake were both greater in the winter months, which indicated that the seasonal rhythm of wool growth was not a consequence of poorer feeding in winter. The rams which were shorn monthly (group I) grew considerably more wool than the other two groups, but the difference was not statistically significant. The short-day treatment of group II did not increase the annual wool production nor decrease the seasonal rhythm of wool growth. The balance of evidence from this and other experiments indicates that temperature rather than light controls the seasonal rhythm of wool growth.

Androgen secretion in women with threatened miscarriage

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
М.М. Amiraslanova ◽  
◽  
I.V. Kuznetsova ◽  
E.P. Gitel ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
The Third ◽  
Threatened Miscarriage ◽  
Group I ◽  
Androgen Secretion ◽  
Group Ii

Objective. To assess androgen secretion and its possible effect on pregnancy in women with threatened miscarriage in the first trimester. Patients and methods. This prospective observational study included 120 pregnant women divided into four groups. Group I comprised 32 patients with threatened miscarriage and hyperandrogenism who received corticosteroids; Group II was composed of 28 patients with threatened miscarriage and hyperandrogenism who did not receive corticosteroids; Group III included 30 patients with threatened miscarriage and no hyperandrogenism; and Group IV comprised 30 women with normal pregnancy. Serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), and total testosterone were measured on the following weeks of gestation: 5–8, 9–12, 13–18, 19–24, and 25–32. We also evaluated clinical outcomes of pregnancy. Results. We observed no significant differences in 17-ОНР and DHEA-S secretion between women from Group III and controls. Patients from Group II demonstrated higher hormone levels than controls; however, their dynamics of 17-ОНР and testosterone secretion was similar to that in women without hyperandrogenism, so their DHEA-S levels decreased and reached control values by the third trimester. Corticosteroids reduced 17-ONR secretion in the second and third trimesters and DHEA-S secretion in the third trimester. Women receiving corticosteroids demonstrated the poorest clinical pregnancy outcomes. Conclusion. Hyperandrogenism should be considered as one of the risk factors for poor pregnancy outcomes. Administration of corticosteroids to reduce androgen levels impairs normal dynamics of their secretion, does not improve pregnancy outcomes, and is potentially harmful; therefore, these drugs should not be used for such purposes. Key words: pregnancy, hyperandrogenism, corticosteroid therapy, pregnancy outcomes, pregnancy loss, androgen secretion, threatened miscarriage

Effects of Electroacupuncture on Intraoperative and Postoperative Analgesic Requirement

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin-Keng Sim ◽  
Pei-Chang Xu ◽  
Hwee-Leng Pua ◽  
Guojing Zhang ◽  
Tat-Leang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Early Postoperative Period ◽  
Morphine Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Analgesic Requirement ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sparing Effect ◽  
Postoperative Morphine

Acupuncture has been shown to be effective in experimental and clinical acute pain settings. This study aims to evaluate the effect of preoperative electroacupuncture (EA) on intraoperative and postoperative analgesic (alfentanil and morphine) requirement in patients scheduled for gynaecologic lower abdominal surgery. Ninety patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Group I (control group) –received placebo EA for 45 minutes before induction of general anaesthesia (GA); Group II –preoperative EA instituted 45 minutes before induction of GA; Group III – 45 minutes of postoperative EA. The Bispectral Index monitor was used intraoperatively to monitor the hypnotic effect of anaesthetic drugs, and alfentanil was titrated to maintain the blood pressure and pulse rate within ±15% of basal values. Postoperative pain was managed by intravenous morphine via a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device. Patients in Group II (0.44 ± 0.15μg/kg/min) received less alfentanil than those in Group III (0.58 ± 0.22μg/kg/min) (p=0.024), but not significantly less than those in Group I (0.51 ± 0.21μg/kg/min) (p=0.472). Postoperative morphine consumption was numerically lower in Group II compared with the other groups; however, the difference was statistically significant only during the period of 6–12 hours between Group II [0.03 (0.05) mg/kg] and Group I [0.10 (0.11) mg/kg] (p=0.015), and Group II and Group III [0.08 (0.10) mg/kg] (p=0.010). The 24-hour cumulative morphine consumption for Group II (0.52 ± 0.19mg/kg) was less than that for either Group I (0.68 ± 0.38mg/kg) or Group III (0.58 ± 0.27mg/kg), but the difference did not reach significance. In conclusion, preoperative EA leads to a reduced intraoperative alfentanil consumption, though this effect may not be specific, and has a morphine sparing effect during the early postoperative period.

Effectiveness of treatment of tonsillopharyngitis: comparative study

2002 ◽  
Vol 116 (11) ◽  
pp. 917-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khader J. Abdul-Baqi ◽  
Farouk M. N. Shakhatreh
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Sensitivity Test ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Culture And Sensitivity ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Selection Of

This study was performed to find out the effectiveness of three different treatments of patients having acute tonsillopharyngitis. Three groups of patients were selected (50 patients in each group). Group I received one antibiotic according to the result of culture and sensitivity test, while groups II and III received two antibiotics or one antibiotic respectively without a culture and sensitivity test. Diagnosis was based on the acutely subjective symptoms of sore throat and positive clinical examination findings. The effectiveness of treatment in group I (96 per cent) was statistically significant (p<0.05) and higher than group II (82 per cent) and group III (74 per cent), while the difference between group II and III was not statistically significant (p>0.05).Our findings demonstrate that a culture and sensitivity test of the throat swab is necessary before treating acute tonsillopharyngitis. It was suggested that there should be appropriate selection of antibiotics to preserve normal flora, avoidance antibiotics for viral infections, patient compliance with prescription and educational programmes directed at patients and physicians. All of these measures would assist in reducing the volume of antibiotic use, bacterial resistance and the overall cost of treatment of tonsillopharyngitis.

scholarly journals DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY AND EXTERIOR TYPE OF FIRST-CALVE COWS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED DEPENDING ON UDDER-MASO-METRIC INDEX

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 102-110
Author(s):  
M. S. Pelehatyi ◽  
O. А. Kochuk-Iashchenko
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Linear Classification ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Score System ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Complex Features ◽  
Dairy Breed

The theory and practice of breeding show that optimal results can be achieved by a complete evaluation of the genotype. The leading method of such an estimation is an index expression, which accumulates in one indicator the optimal ratio of breeding signs. In this aspect, it is important to use the breeding indices, which are estimated by the exteriors of animals, since breeding only on the indicators of milk productivity, namely on the level of fertility, contributes to the degradation of reproductive ability and, generally speaking, to the early extinction of the herd of animals. This determines the relevance of our work. The aim of the work was to study the effectiveness of selection first-born cows by the udder-mass-metric index in the herd of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed.The research was carried out on 198 first-born cows Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed PAC "Yerchi". We used the basis of breeding records and the results of their own research.The differentiation of cows by the size of the wizard-mass-metric index was carried out according to the methodology of O. P. Polkovnikova wiith co-authors. Groups are conventionally called early, optimal and late.The results of our research showed that the first-born cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, separated by the size of this index, significantly differ in their complexes features of the 100-score system of linear classification of the exterior type. The studied animals of the three groups for all the complexes of the 100-score system received rather high ratings: from 78.8 to 81.9 points, which corresponds to the classes "good" and "good with the plus" in accordance with international requirements.In general, there is a clear tendency that with an increase in the value of the udder-mass-metric index there is an increase in the overwhelming majority of complex features of linear classification, except for the complex features of the exterior, which characterizes the development of the body and gives an idea of the size of animals. Better were animals of groups II.With the increase in the size of the udder-mass-metric index in cows, the level of assessments of the main descriptive traits is also significantly increased. The best indicators of the descriptive features of the linear classification of the exterior were the group of animals of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, which, according to the value of the udder-maso-metric index, are classified as high-value groups of magnitude 16.9 or more. units, the worst – animals of the first group (11.7 and less than units of scientists). The difference between animals of the best and worst groups in 50% of cases was reliable (P < 0.05–0.001).The dynamics of dairy productivity in a certain way "copies" the dynamics of group and descriptive signs of the exterior type of animals. That is, with the increase of the size of the udder-mass-metric index there is a linear increase in quantitative characteristics of milk productivity.The animals of the group III showed the best results in PAC “Yerchyky”. From them received 305 days of the first lactation of 6036 kg with fat content of 3.63% and the amount of milk fat and protein, respectively, 218 and 185.0 kg. The lowest counts are first-born cows of group I (5390, 3.57, 193.5 and 166.3 respectively). Animals of group II occupy an intermediate position. The difference between the groups of animals for milk productivity, differentiated by the size of the exterior index in 40% of cases was reliable.The distribution of animals by the size of the extermination index (UMMI) completely copies their location according to the overall assessment of the exterior type and the 305 days lactation, which again confirms the existence of a direct correlation between these features. That is, differentiation and selection of animals by the size of the udder-mass-metric index can be an effective method for improving the milk production and exterivation of animals in the milk breed herd of PAC “Yarchiki”.With the help of the exterior index, we can predict milk productivity, that is, with the increase in the value of UMMI per unit milk productivity, namely, milk for 305 days of lactation, increases by 323 kg.Increasing the value of the udder-mass-metric index is accompanied by an increase in the consolidation factor for all the blocks of attributes. That is, the selection with the maximum value of the index of group III will help to increase the typification of animals by the exterior type and productivity.We also studied the influence of the exterior index on the manifestation of exterior and productivity. The results of this analysis showed that the share of this index in the overall variability of the signs varies within the range of 1.87–16.88 among the signs of the 100-score linear classification system and 0.31–7.92 among the signs of milk productivity, but it should be noted, that in 70 and 80% of cases the force of influence was reliable, respectively (P < 0,05–0,001). On average, the impact strength of the 9-point linear classification system was 2.94%.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF HOLSTEIN BREED BULLS BY DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF THEIR DAUGHTERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
S. L. Voitenko ◽  
O. V. Sydorenko
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Paternal Origin ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
The Third ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dairy Breed

The scientific community has shown that the genetic improvement of dairy cattle depends on many genotypic factors, including paternal ancestry and lineage. With this in mind, the purpose of our research was to evaluate the Holstein bulls of black-and-white and red-and-white suits of different lines for the milk productivity of their daughters. The research was carried out on the basis of primary breeding records of 10 breeding herds of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, 3 – Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed and one – Ukrainian Red Dairy breed, which are subordinated to NAAS. Cows of the studied breeds has divided into groups according to lineage and paternal origin. Studies have revealed a significant differentiation of milk yield of cows of the first and highest lactation not only of one breed, but also of linear affiliation and paternal origin. It was found that the yield of the first lactation in cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed varied from 3211 kg (Damir 7100354042) to 7884 kg (Dzhokus 113080315) of milk. Noteworthy are the daughters of Dzhokus 113080315, from which 9143 kg of milk were obtained for higher lactation, Polyarsten 342347941 and Manteno 344222859 – 8248 kg and 8290 kg of milk, respectively. The significant influence of paternal origin on the yield of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed cows of the first and higher lactation (31.0%; P > 0.999) and 37.3% has been proved; P > 0.999). The influence of genealogical formation on the milk productivity of cows was significant and amounted to 10.8% for the first lactation, higher – 10.2%. Some of the first-born Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed has characterized by high milk productivity, which steadily increased until the third and higher lactation. The yield of cows of the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed of the first lactation varied from 5414 kg (Dialog 2009) to 6689 kg (Larets 6177), testifying to better homogeneity of herds in terms of milk productivity compared to the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed. The highest yield of the third and highest lactation – 7626 kg, had cows-daughters of the bull Roman 660886883 Starbuck line 352790. The variability of milking cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed of the first and highest lactation by 25.0% and 15.2%, respectively, was due to the influence of the father offspring and to a lesser extent – belonging to the line. A very high (6517–8013 kg) realization potential of milking cows of the Ukrainian Red Dairy breed was established, but it also depended on the paternal origin and linear affiliation. The highest yield of the first lactation were shown by the daughters of the bull Belisar 365235897, Dzhorin 114414759 and Tumpi 112367468, who produced 8013 kg, 7323 kg and 7170 kg of milk, respectively. In cows of this breed it was found that yield increased with increasing serial number of lactation, with the third and higher lactation cows produced more than 8000 kg of milk per lactation, and the daughters of bull Dzhorin 114414759 – more than 9000 kg. The influence of the bull on the milk productivity of the first-born cows of the Ukrainian Red Dairy breed (16.7%; P > 0.999) is almost three times higher than this linear affiliation. Significant phenotypic variability of milk productivity of cows of different breeds of half-sisters by the father is established. The advantage of the daughters of the bull Belisar 365235897 of the Ukrainian Red Dairy breed on milking of the first lactation over the representatives of the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed was 1932 kg (p < 0.001). The difference in milk yield of the first lactation of the half-sisters by the father, the bull Konbeo 579810507 was 1007 kg (p < 0.01), and Roman 660886883 – 717 kg. Thus, a significant phenotypic variability of milk productivity of cows of different breeds of half-sisters by father was established. At the same time, regardless of the breeder, the cows of the Ukrainian Red Dairy breed were characterized by higher milk yield of the first lactation in comparison with the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed.

scholarly journals Reproductive ability and milk productivity of cows depending on breeding value of their progenitors

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (74) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
L. V. Ferenz
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

The influence of bullock`s different breeding value for reproductive ability and milk production of their  daughters were investigated. Established that the age of first productive insemination of heifers Ukrainian black spotted milk breed, was 17.5–18.6 months and age of first calving – 26.6–27.8 months. Heifers` live weight at the first insemination was 361.4–407.1 kg. During first lactation the highest productivity had daughters from parents with breeding value by milk yield more than 801 kg. In the first lactation wasn’t found significant difference in duration service-period and interparturition-period for cows derived from progenitors with different breeding value. In the second lactation best indexes in duration service-period and interparturition-period for cows derived from progenitors with breeding value by milk yield 601–800 kg and more than 801 kg. In the third, the highest lactation, these indexes were best for cows derived from progenitors with breeding value by milk yield 601–800 kg. The difference in milk yield during first lactation between heifers received from progenitors with breeding value by milk yield less than 200 kg and heifers from bullock`s  with breeding value 401–600 kg was 292 kg. The difference in milk yield between heifers received from progenitors with breeding value by milk yield less than 200 kg and heifers from bullock`s  with breeding value  with breeding value 601–800 kg  was 660.3 kg. The difference in milk yield between heifers received from progenitors with breeding value by milk yield less than 200 kg and heifers from bullock`s  with breeding value more than 801 kg was  920.8 kg In the second lactation this difference was 589.8 (Р < 0.001), 841.5 (Р < 0.001) і 894.4 (Р < 0.001) kg of milk, in the third, the highest lactation – 754.5 (Р < 0.001), 951.8 (Р < 0.001) і 1335.7 кг (Р < 0.001).

scholarly journals An In Vitro Comparison of the Apical Seal Produced by Three Different Thermoplasticized Guttapercha Obturation Techniques in Oval Canals

2015 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 039-046
Author(s):  
Geetanjali Bansal ◽  
Ajay Bansal ◽  
Bhupinder Padda
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Dye Penetration ◽  
Sealing Ability ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Nail Polish ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the sealing ability to obturate oval canals with three thermoplasticizedguttaperchaobturation techniques taking lateral condensation technique as the control. Ninety-five freshly extracted teeth were decoronated at 2mm coronal to CEJ. Biomechanical preparation was done using step back technique. The teeth were divided into three experimental groups of 30 teeth each and one control group of 5 teeth. The group I (control group) was obturated with lateral condensation technique, group II obturated with injectable thermoplasticizedguttapercha technique, group III obturated with thermoplasticizedguttapercha with downpack and backfill technique andgroup IV obturated with core carrier thermoplasticizedguttapercha technique. The sealability of each technique was assessed by a dye penetration method. The roots were given two full layers of nail polish varnish except apical 2mm. Specimens were then immersed in India ink for 48 hours. Robertson’s technique was used to clear the specimens. The linear dye penetration was measured from anatomic apex to the deepest extent of dye penetration in a coronal direction using triocular stereomicroscope at 10 × magnification. The mean dye leakage of group I was 2.6700mm;group II 0.1713mm;group III 3.3977mm; group IV 2.3210mm. When the means of all the four groups were compared using Kruskal Wallis test the difference was found to be very highly significant with the value<.001**, meaning there by that group II is significantly better than the other three groups as far as sealing ability is concerned.

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