scholarly journals Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS). Prevalence, etiology, diagnostic

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (83) ◽  
pp. 156-161
Author(s):  
O. Stefanyk ◽  
L. Slivinska
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Gastric Ulceration ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Specific Species

The analysis of scientific literature and different studies of recent years concerning diseases of the stomach in horses has been conducted in the article. The analysis of literature data indicates that the Equine gastric ulcer syndrome is a common disease especially among racehorses. This term is a condition in horses, characterized by ulcers in the terminal esophagus; proximal (squamous) stomach; distal (glandular) stomach; and proximal duodenum. The anatomy and physiology of the stomach, with particular reference to secretion of acid and mucosal protective mechanisms, are reviewed as well as the differing theories relating to the aetiopathogenesis of gastric ulceration. The prevalence of the disease in racehorses has been reported from 60 to 90%. In general, horses that are in active training for racing tend to have a prevalence of around 90%, whereas horses for pleasure in full work have a reported prevalence of approximately 60%. The recent years data indicate the influence of microorganism Helicobacter genus on ulceration in equine stomach, a new specific species of H. Equorum was identified by the PCR assay in horse faeces, but the relationship between different species of Helicobacter and stomach ulcers remains controversial. Recently, nutritional and dietary management factors, the features of the anatomical structure of the stomach, dental problems, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs etc. have been identified to play an important role in gastric ulceration in horses. Clinical signs of EGUS are not always noticeable. Depending on the degree of damage, сlinical signs in horses with EGUS include: acute and recurrent colic, poor body condition, partial anorexia, poor appetite, poor performance and attitude changes, diarrhea,, the disease is accompanied by weight loss, loss of appetite and decreased ability to work. This disease affects the physical condition of horses, slows the growth and development of foals. The introduction of new diagnostic tests and methods in veterinary practice, including gastroscopy, allows to diagnose ulcers on early stages, investigate and explore the causes of EGUS. The diagnosis requires a thorough treatment history, physical examination, and a minimum database. Identifying risk factors and clinical signs are also helpful in making a diagnosis. However, gastroscopy is the only definitive diagnosis for gastric ulcers currently available. in more detail. The article presents a 0‒5 gastric ulcer scoring system to determine a lesion prevelence.

Clinical management of gastroduodenitis and equine gastric ulcer syndrome grade IV of unknown origin in an Arabian mare

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 327-334
Author(s):  
S. Alonso-Sousa ◽  
M. De Rijck ◽  
M. Lores ◽  
J. Brunsting
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Gastric Ulceration ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Gastroscopic Examination ◽  
First Case ◽  
Severe Degree

A two-year-old Arabian filly was referred with symptons of colic. Clinical examination revealed signs associated with endotoxemia. Ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen demonstrated severe distention of the stomach and distended loops of small intestine with reduced motility. With nasogastric intubation, eight liters of hemorrhagic reflux were retrieved. Gastroscopic examination showed a severe degree of gastric ulceration scored as equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) grade IV. Based on these findings, EGUS and gastroduodenitis (GD) were diagnosed. Initially, the horse was treated using parenteral pantoprazole, which was supplemented by adding enteral ranitidine and sucralfate when the horse ceased refluxing. The horse was discharged eleven days after presentation with a 75%-healing of the gastric ulcers. A control gastroscopic examination was performed thirty days after discharge showing a 90%-healing (EGUS Grade I). To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case report in which pantoprazole in combination with ranitidine and sucralfate has been used to treat a severe degree of gastric ulceration.

The influence of two lucerne-based forage feeds, FiberProtect® and FiberEdge® on Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome in horses

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.L. Stowers ◽  
L.A. Waldron ◽  
I.D. Pryor ◽  
S.R. Hill ◽  
J. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Gastric Ulceration ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Healing Phase ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
The Impact

SummaryEquine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) is extremely prevalent in both racing and non-racing horse populations. The exact aetiology of EGUS is unclear but many stress related risk factors have been implicated including the feeding of grain-based diets. Current treatment techniques often necessitate drug therapy which, when added to feed costs, can be expensive and may have a detrimental effect on digestion due to the mode of action of these therapies. The following experiment set out to investigate if feeding fermented, forage-based feeds (Modified Bio-Fermentation (MBF) lucerne feeds treated with Xanotyde®, registered as FiberProtect® and FiberEdge®; Fiber Fresh Feeds Ltd, Reporoa, New Zealand), could assist in the healing and prevention of ulceration. Nine adult horses with demonstrable and sustained gastric ulceration (diagnosed by gastric endoscopy), were used in a two part study. The first 42 d healing phase investigated the impact of feeding FiberProtect® (FPT) or FiberEdge® (FED) on established gastric ulcers. After 14 d on these diets 44% (4/9) of horses had no ulceration or hyperaemia (inflammation) (EGUC grade 0) and all horses were ulcer free (EGUC grade 0) at d 42. A significant (P < 0.01) relationship was determined between length of time fed and disappearance of ulcers (R2 = 0.9004; DF = 2). The prevention phase utilised the same horses, ulcer-free at d 42, and fed them a grain-based high energy racing diet alongside FPT at 40% and 60% of the total diet (DM basis). The horses were monitored for a further 28 d (d 42 – d 70), and only three showed a recurrence of ulceration throughout this period. At d 70, eight out of nine horses were ulcer free (EGUC grade 0). The findings suggest that FPT and FED can be used to heal and prevent gastric ulceration, and that FPT can be fed alongside a high grain diet to prevent recurrence of gastric ulcers.

scholarly journals Gastric Ulceration, Appetite and Feeding Practices in Standardbred Racehorses in the Czech Republic

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bezděková ◽  
P. Jahn ◽  
M. Vyskočil
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Gastric Ulceration ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Poor Appetite ◽  
Feeding Management ◽  
Standardbred Racehorses

The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of poor appetite and its correlation with the prevalence of gastric ulceration, and to evaluate relation between feeding management (feeding frequency and feeding regularity) and gastric ulceration in a group of 54 Standardbred racehorses in training. Prevalence of gastric ulceration in the group of horses with poor general appetite was 94.8%. Prevalence of gastric ulceration in the group of horses with good general appetite was 48.6%. Significant association between poor general appetite and squamous gastric ulcer presence was observed (p < 0.001). Gastric ulceration was found in 75.0% of horses fed twice daily and in 57.9% horses fed three times a day. Fifty seven point nine per cent of regularly fed horses had gastric ulcers. Irregularly fed horses were ulcer-positive in 75.0%. Thus no significant association between feeding frequency or regularity and the occurrence of gastric ulcers was found.

Melatonin promotes gastric healing by modulating the components of matrix metalloproteinase signaling pathway: a novel scenario for gastric ulcer management

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-231
Author(s):  
Romit Majumder ◽  
Madhuri Datta ◽  
Aindrila Chattopadhyay ◽  
Debasish Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Gastric Ulceration ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
Substantial Decline

Over the past few decades, since the induction of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) as a therapeutic tool in controlling gastropathy, a substantial decline in the incidence of gastric ulcer and its related manifestations has been achieved globally. However, there are a lot of skeptics on the steady rise in the list of complications following long-term use of these drugs, especially in chronic and elderly patients. Hence, the search for a sustainable cure for these gastropathies has never actually ended; this let us consider that melatonin, an endogenous antioxidant, might have a utility in this respect. Although researchers have linked melatonin with accelerated post ulcerative wound healing, many of these studies have failed to identify the confounding factors and plausible healing mechanisms. In this review, we attempt to identify the underline mechanisms as to the protective effects of melatonin on a variety of gastropathies.  Based on the evidence, we select the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to be the main targets of melatonin. MMPs play a key role in maintaining the balance between extracellular matrix degradation and tissue remodeling, therefore, they act as the integral connection between the ulcer manifestation and healing. Thus, gastric ulceration occurs where this balance is disrupted. Melatonin can preserve this balance during the onset of gastric ulcers. In this review, we have also discussed the effects of melatonin on the different isoforms of MMPs and their roles in gastric ulceration, respectively. We hope that this will bestow us with a better understanding of the development of the gastric ulcer, as well as its cure.

scholarly journals Protective effect of snail secretion filtrate against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Gugliandolo ◽  
Marika Cordaro ◽  
Roberta Fusco ◽  
Alessio Filippo Peritore ◽  
Rosalba Siracusa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Human Disorders ◽  
Interest In Research

AbstractGastric ulcer or peptic ulcer is a common disease worldwide. Basically, it develops when there is an imbalance between the protective and aggressive factors, especially at the luminal surface of epithelial cells. Thus, there is a constant interest in research new drugs for treatment of gastric ulcer. The snail secretion is a dense mucous, that covers the external surface of the snails, with important functions for the survival of snails. The biological proprieties of snail Helix Aspersa Muller mucus it has been known for centuries to treat human disorders in particular for skin disease. Recently the use of snail mucus has seen a worldwide increase, as a component in cosmetic product and it has been used in particular for the management of wound and skin disorders. In this study we use a murine model of ethanol intragastric administration which has been widely used to test the drugs efficacies and to explore the underlying mechanism for gastric ulcer development. The intragastric ethanol administration causes several mucosal damages and an induction of a severe inflammatory response. Our results show a significant protective effect of snail secretion filtrate in reducing macroscopic and histological lesions, as well the protective effect on mucus content, oxidative stress and inflammatory response. In conclusion this study demonstrate the protective effect of intragastrical snail secretion filtrate, in a model of ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice, suggesting its possible useful use in the treatment or prevention of gastric ulcer.

scholarly journals Management of Giant Gastric Ulcer Perforation: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Nitin Vashistha ◽  
Dinesh Singhal ◽  
Gurpreet Makkar ◽  
Suneel Chakravarty ◽  
Vivek Raj
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Multidetector Ct ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
H2 Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Surgical Options

Giant gastric ulcer (GGU) is defined as an ulcer more than 3 cm in diameter. Now infrequent in clinical practice, in the pre-H2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) era, the incidence of GGU varied between 12 and 24% of all gastric ulcers. Proton pump inhibitors reportedly achieve better healing rates and symptom relief in comparison to H2RA. The GGU is associated with high incidence of serious complications such as hemorrhage. A perforated GGU though rare (<2%) offers serious challenges in management. We report one such case wherein the role of multidetector CT scan (MDCT) for diagnosis and treatment planning, surgical options for GGU perforations, and factors affecting outcome are discussed.

scholarly journals Anti-Helicobacter pylori and Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Constituent Analysis of Modified Xiaochaihutang for the Treatment of Chronic Gastritis and Gastric Ulcer

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Chen ◽  
Lijuan Hu ◽  
Huanhuan Wu ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Shuhe Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Chronic Gastritis ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Etoac Extract ◽  
Rat Paw Edema ◽  
Edema Model ◽  
Mouse Ear ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Rat Paw

Chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers are prevalent throughout the world and are considered to be a global health problem. Modified Xiaochaihutang (MXCHT) prescription is broadly used in traditional medicine hospital for the treatment of gastritis. In order to assess the anti-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) effect of MXCHT, agar diffusion method in vitro and fluid dilution method for the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were established. The anti-inflammatory effects were then evaluated using mouse ear edema model and rat paw edema model. The ethanol-induced gastric ulcer method was employed to verify the gastroprotective effect of active extracts in MXCHT. HPLC-TOF-MS/MS was used for analyzing the possible active constituents after oral administration of effective extracts in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer models. MXCHT and 4 different extracts of the bacterial inhibition diameter and MIC were dramatically decreased compared with control group, showing anti-Helicobacter pylori effects. High dose groups of MXCHT, water extract, EtOAc extract, and n-BuOH extract displayed significant anti-inflammatory effects in xylene-induced mouse ear edema model and carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model test. MXCHT and all active extracts exhibited gastroprotective activity and prevented gastric lesions induced by ethanol in rats. 4 prototype components and 4 metabolites were identified after oral administration of EtOAc extract. In addition, 6 prototype components and 6 metabolites were identified in n-BuOH extract. MXCHT, EtOAc extract, and n-BuOH extract demonstrate gastroprotective effects through anti-Helicobacter pylori and anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, this prescription may be a suitable natural source for the prevention and treatment of chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers.

scholarly journals Gastric Lesions in Culled Sows: An Underestimated Welfare Issue in Modern Swine Production

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Piotr Cybulski ◽  
Aleksandra Woźniak ◽  
Joachim Urban ◽  
Tomasz Stadejek
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Gastric Ulceration ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Gastric Lesions ◽  
Swine Production ◽  
Veterinary Practitioner ◽  
Welfare Issue ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Production Losses ◽  
Management Issues

Specific anatomy of the porcine stomach results in a high risk of ulceration in the pars oesophagea. A fully developed ulcer leads to intermittent gastrointestinal bleeding followed by clinical symptoms of chronic pain; thus, gastric ulceration in pigs causes significant production losses and serious welfare problems. Nowadays, gastric ulceration is common in domestic pigs throughout the world, but a great deal of attention has been directed at finishers. This paper was intended to provide new data on the prevalence of the disease in commercially reared highly prolific sows. The study was carried out on 329 culled sows from four commercial farms located in Northern Poland. The severity of gross pathological lesions of pars oesophagea was assigned to grade 0 (no lesions), 1 (parakeratosis), 2 (erosion), or 3 (gastric ulceration with or without stenosis) by a veterinary practitioner. Abattoir analysis revealed 66.6% of sows’ stomachs with some degree of alterations. Gastric ulceration was detected in 45.5% of examined organs. Parakeratosis and erosion were found in 1.2 and 15.8% of stomachs, respectively. The investigation did not find any oesphageal strictures. Our investigation of the problem in high health status hyper-prolific sows showed the lowest prevalence of gastric lesions (i.e., ulcerative and preulcerative alterations collectively) compared to earlier studies but the highest percentage of gastric ulcers. The results indicate that gastric ulcers may be a highly prevalent and underestimated welfare issue in sows in modern pig production, worth further studies focusing on particular risk factors related to feeding, genetics, management issues, and sows longevity.

scholarly journals ОРНІТОЗ У ПАПУГ

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(71)) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
N.H. Sorokinа ◽  
O.K. Halchynska ◽  
V.S. Lepushynska
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

Psittacosis – a zooanthroponosis infection. In humans, the disease can manifest atypical pneumonia, enteritis, peritonitis, encephalitis. In parrots the disease starts with loss of appetite, drowsiness, weakness, fever, appearance of conjunctivitis, rhinitis and diarrhea. The causative agent of psittacosis in parrots are obligate intracellular microorganism Chlamydophila psittaci, which enters the body through the epithelium of the mucous membranes of respiratory tract. Its reproduction and accumulation occurs in the epithelial, and lymphoid reticulohistiocytosis cells. Chlamydia capable to long time cellular localization, can penetrate into the various organs and systems: the lungs, the nervous, cardiovascular system, liver. Parrot, who had been ill for psittacosis, is usually long remain carriers of Chlamydia. This article contains the definition of «psittacosis» as the disease, etiology, pathogenesis, main clinical features of parrots, pathological changes, especially the diagnosis, treatment and prevention. This materials are can help to owners of parrot and veterinary professionals to understand the disease, clinical signs, modern methods of diagnosis, prevention and therapy of psittacosis. 

scholarly journals Effects of a dietary supplement on gastric ulcer number and severity in exercising horses1

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Alysia L Conner ◽  
Amanda J Davis ◽  
Cheryl A Porr
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Gastric Lesion ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Gastric Lesions ◽  
Dependent Variables

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of a dietary supplement on the treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS). Gastroscopy was performed on university riding horses of mixed breeds at two locations and only horses exhibiting gastric ulcers were selected to participate in this study (location A, n = 13; location B, n = 15). Gastric ulcer severity was assessed using two different methods depending on location before treatment (Pre). After gastroscopy, horses were fed the supplement in addition to their regular diet for 44 d (14-d adaptation period followed by 30-d feeding period). All horses were subjected to gastroscopy again at the end of the feeding period (Post) to evaluate changes in gastric lesions. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS. Individual horses were the experimental unit with dependent variables including severity and number of gastric ulcers. At location A, dependent variable included severity of gastric lesions with fixed effects of time (Pre and Post) and location (stall or pasture). For location B, dependent variables included severity and number of gastric lesions with fixed effects of time. Severity of gastric ulcers decreased at both locations in horses following the feeding period. Gastric lesion scores decreased from 2.2990 to 1.3760 (P = 0.0015) at location A and gastric lesion severity from 3.8000 to 2.5667 (P = 0.0322) at location B. No differences were found in gastric lesion scores at location A between horses housed in stalls or pastures (1.8750 and 1.8000; P = 0.7783). The number of gastric ulcers observed at location B were similar Pre and Post treatment (3.4667 and 3.5333; P = 0.8363). There were no changes in body condition score (P ≥ 0.2607), BW (P ≥ 0.4551), or behavior at either location. Results suggest that oral supplementation may decrease severity of gastric ulcers in horses participating in university riding programs.

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