scholarly journals МІНЕРАЛЬНІ ДОБАВКИ, ЯК ОДИН ІЗ ЧИННИКІВ ВПЛИВУ НА ПРОЦЕСИ БІОСИНТЕЗУ МІКРОБІАЛЬНОГО БІЛКУ У ЖУЙНИХ ТВАРИН

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(70)) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
S.L. Antipin ◽  
I.A. Zhukova ◽  
K.D. Yugay ◽  
O.N. Bobrytskaya ◽  
L.A. Vodopyanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Correlation Dependence ◽  
Physiological Experiment ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Mineral Substances ◽  
Extractive Substances ◽  
The Difference

Results of researches on studying the influence of various levels of the mineral substances that were added to a diet of bull–calves on getting of chyme, dry substances, organic substances, raw protein from prestomachs to duodenum are presented. Before the experiment animals have been operated with imposing of anastomosis at the beginning of a duodenum, at the distance of 8–12 cm from abomasus before the falling of pancreas into intestines.Nowadays rationing of mineral food of animals is carried out by two ways: by amount of mineral substances on one animal a day or by its quantity on one kilogram of the consumed solid forage.In our experiments mineral substances were brought in 1 kg of the consumed solid forage as it allows to create a certain concentration of the studied connections in the substance of the rumen.During the preparatory period animals were on the diet for two weeks, then within 7 days they were used in experiments to define digestibility of nutrients in gastrointestinal tract. After completion of experiment on digestibility there was a physiological experiment to determine daily volume and structure of the chyme proceeding through inosculation of chyme. In forage and on average daily tests of a duodenal chyme and faeces the content of solids and also organic substances (with the difference between amount of solid and mineral substances) of a raw protein, raw fat, raw cellulose and the anazotic extractive substances by common techniques of the zoochemical analysis were determined.In physiological experiments digestibility of organic substances under the influence of addition of chloride of sodium, chloride of cobalt, sulfates of copper and zinc to a diet separately and in the complex were studied. It was indicated that with the increase of chyme, coming to a duodenum, digestibility of organic substances in prestomachs decreased that was also confirmed by the inverse correlation dependence. It was proved that addition of mineral salts to a diet has led to increase of getting of organic substances in a small intestine as a whole and also of a raw protein.It was found that addition of mineral substances to a diet has led to activation of processes of biosynthesis of microbiological protein in prestomachs of bull–calves with the use of endogenous sources of nitrogen. 

scholarly journals Identification of novel DNA hypermethylation of the adenylate kinase 5 promoter in colorectal adenocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bokyung Ahn ◽  
Yang Seok Chae ◽  
Soo Kyung Lee ◽  
Moa Kim ◽  
Hyeon Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Adenylate Kinase ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Adenine Nucleotides ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Dna Hypermethylation ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
The Difference

AbstractAdenylate kinase 5 (AK5) belongs to the adenylate kinase family that catalyses reversible phosphate transfer between adenine nucleotides, and it is related to various energetic signalling mechanisms. However, the role of AK5 in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been reported. In this study, AK5 was significantly hypermethylated in CRC compared to adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.0001) and normal tissues (P = 0.0015). Although the difference in mRNA expression was not statistically significant in all of them, the selected 49 cases of CRC tissues with AK5 hypermethylation with the cut off value of 40% showed a significant inverse correlation with mRNA expression (P = 0.0003). DNA methylation of AK5 promoter significantly decreased and AK5 expression recovered by 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, DNA methyltransferase inhibitor in CRC cell lines. In addition, AK5 promoter activity significantly decreased due to DNA methyltransferase, and it increased due to 5-aza. Moreover, AK5 regulated the phosphorylated AMPK and mTOR phosphorylation and inhibited the cell migration and cell invasion in CRC cell lines. Furthermore, low AK5 expression is associated with poor differentiation (P = 0.014). These results demonstrate that the AK5 promoter is frequently hypermethylated and induced methylation-mediated gene down-regulation. AK5 expression regulates AMPK/mTOR signalling and may be closely related to metastasis in colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Differential intestinal deconjugation of taurine and glycine bile acid N-acyl amidates in rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (2) ◽  
pp. G351-G358
Author(s):  
R. Zhang ◽  
S. Barnes ◽  
R. B. Diasio
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Chenodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biliary Fistula ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Rat Bile

Mechanisms responsible for the difference in the relative amounts of taurine- and glycine-conjugated bile acid N-acyl amidates (Tau/Gly ratio) are not fully understood. In the present study, the stability of taurine- and glycine-conjugated bile acid N-acyl amidates during intestinal transit and absorption was examined to investigate the contribution of intestinal deconjugation to the Tau/Gly ratio in rat bile. Radiolabeled chenodeoxycholic acid (CDC) and its N-acyl amidates with glycine (CDC-Gly) or taurine (CDC-Tau) were introduced into the lumen of the upper small intestine in the biliary fistula rats, and radioactive metabolites in bile, blood, urine, and tissues were identified and quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results indicated that 1) extensive deconjugation of CDC-Gly occurs during intestinal absorption; 2) CDC-Tau is recovered in bile largely intact; and 3) newly synthesized CDC-Tau and CDC-Gly are formed in a ratio of less than 2:1 after administration of [14C]-CDC. In summary, the present study demonstrates that resistance of taurine-conjugated bile acid N-acyl amidates to hydrolysis in the intestine, rather than a difference in synthesis of taurine- and glycine-conjugated N-acyl amidates in liver, may account for the high Tau/Gly ratio in rat bile.

scholarly journals Aminoglycoside trough levels in neonates

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Pejovic ◽  
Milica Rankovic-Janevski ◽  
Niveska Bozinovic-Prekajski
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Trough Level ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Target Range ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Trough Levels

Introduction. Drug safety depends on trough levels. Objective. Objective of the study was to measure gentamicin and amikacin trough levels in neonates and to identify risk groups by gestational and postnatal age. Methods. Gentamicin and amikacin were applied according to the clinical practice guidelines. Trough levels (mg/l) were deter- mined using fluorescence polarization immunoassay methodology. Target trough levels were <2 mg/l for gentamicin, and <10 mg/l for amikacin. Patients were divided in 3 groups by gestational age: I ?32, II 33-36, and III ?37 gestational weeks and, by postnatal age, in 2 groups: ?7 and >7 days. Results. Out of 163 neonates, 111 were receiving gentamicin and 52 amikacin. Mean amikacin trough level was 7.8?4.8 mg/l and, in group I 10.5?4.9 mg/l, which was above the target range and significantly higher than in group II (LSD, p<0.05). In the amikacin group, 26 patients were 7 and less, and 26 more than 7 days old, without significant differences in trough levels between the groups. In the gentamicin group, 52.3% of neonates had trough values within the target range. Gentamicin trough level in group I was above the trough range, 3.7?1.8, 2.3?1.5 in group II and, 1.8?1.4 mg/l in group III. The difference in trough levels among the groups was highly significant (F=9.015, p<0.001, ?2=17. 576, p<0.001). Further analysis revealed that differences between groups I and II (LSD, p=0.002) and between I and III (LSD, p=0.000) were highly significant. Conclusion. Obtained gentamicin and amikacin trough levels are high. Inverse correlation has been confirmed between trough level and gestational age, with highly significant difference, and the risk group has been identified. There is obviously a need to change the dosing regimen in terms of those with extended intervals, particularly for neonates of the lowest gestational age, along with pharmacokinetic measurements.

scholarly journals Determination of crystallization enthalpies of some organic peroxides by a differential isothermal calorimeter

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-94
Keyword(s):  
Supercooled Liquids ◽  
Sublimation Enthalpy ◽  
Residual Pressure ◽  
Heat Conducting ◽  
Dicumyl Peroxide ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Fusion Temperature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Isothermal Calorimeter

We developed a method for determination of the crystallization enthalpy of organic substances in a heat-conducting calorimeter at a temperature close to 298 K. Crystallization was conducted in the MID-200 calorimeter using an ampoule technique. The volume of ampoules, which contain the supercooled liquids, was approximately 0.2 cm3. The residual pressure was 650 Pa to lessen the heat loss. A few crystals of the material under investigation were employed as the crystallization centers. Based on the results of the experiment, the crystallization enthalpies of dicumyl peroxide, peroxyoctanoic acid and di-tert-butylperoxy isophthalate were determined. The vaporization and sublimation enthalpies of peroxyoctanoic acid were assessed using an ampoule method in the calorimeter. It was established that dicumyl peroxide which was supercooled 14 K below the fusion temperature exhibited a 20% increase in crystallization enthalpy as compared with that calculated from the difference between vaporization and sublimation enthalpy. At the same time, the crystallization enthalpy of peroxyoctanoic acid supercooled by 5 K was equal to that calculated from the difference between vaporization and sublimation enthalpy within the limiting experimental error. The received data show that the proposed method is promising for determining the heat of crystallization of liquids that are able to exist in a supercooled state during some time.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the biochemical composition of corn grain of the selection of FGBNU RosNIISK "Rossorgo" for further use in the agro-industrial complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (48) ◽  
pp. 24-24
Author(s):  
Irina Sazonova ◽  
Valery Titov ◽  
Yulia Bochkareva ◽  
Vera Bychkova
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Maize Line ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Mineral Substances ◽  
Extractive Substances ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Corn Grain

The article examines the biological value of varieties, hybrids (hybrid populations) and lines of maize selection of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution RosNIISK "Rossorgo" in the framework of the biochemical composition of grain. The main indicators were studied: protein, fat, ash, fiber, starch, and nitrogen-free extractive substances. The maximum protein value of 13.58% was in the RSK 3 maize line. The largest number of mineral substances (1.79%) was also noted here. The highest amount of fat (7.50%) and starch (69.24%) was in the Zuckerka variety. A conclusion was made about the possibility of further selection for the breeding of forms with directional properties and biological value. Keywords: CORN, VARIETIES, BIOLOGICAL VALUE, PROTEIN, FAT, FIBER, MINERAL SUBSTANCES, STARCH

Biodegradation of Organic Substances by Biological Activated Carbon – Simulation of Bacterial Activity on Granular Activated Carbon

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2031-2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Nishijima ◽  
M. Tojo ◽  
M. Okada ◽  
A. Murakami
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Aminobenzoic Acid ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Support Medium ◽  
Attached Bacteria ◽  
The Difference

Biodegradation of organic substances by attached bacteria on biological activated carbon (BAC) was studied to clarify the advantages of granular activated carbon (GAC) as support media over conventional media without adsorption capacity with regard to biodegradation activity and community structure of attached bacteria. Anthracite (AN) was used as reference support medium without adsorbability. Low molecular organic substances with different biodegradability and adsorbability (phenol, glucose, benzoic acid and m-aminobenzoic acid) were fed into completely mixed BAC and AN reactors. The rate of biodegradation by BAC reactors fed with biodegradable organic substances was approximately 3 times as high as that by AN reactors. The difference in adsorbability of organic substances onto GAC had little effects on the rate of biodegradation. The structure of GAC with micro and macro pores did not provide better habitat for attached bacteria with regard to the size of population in comparison with anthracite without pores. The rates of biodegradation per attached bacteria for biodegradable organic substances in the BAC reactors were from 1.7 to 4.9 times higher than those in the AN reactors. GAC, as a bacterial support media, stimulated the biodegradation activity of each bacteria without increase in their population and probably with little change in their species composition. Although the number of attached bacteria on BAC was not different significantly from that on anthracite, m-aminobenzoic acid with low biodegradability was degraded only by the GAC reactor.

Studies on resistance of sheep to infestation with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp., and on the immunological reactions of sheep exposed to infestation. V. The nature of the 'self-cure' phenomenon.

1953 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Local Reaction ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
The Self ◽  
Cure Reaction ◽  
Antihistamine Drug ◽  
Blood Histamine ◽  
Immunological Reactions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Subsequent Rise

An experimental investigation of the nature and the mechanism of the "self-cure" phenomenon in helminthiasis of sheep has been carried out. As a result of the "self-cure" reaction there was no release of heterologous antibodies into the blood stream of the animal. The administration of an antihistamine drug usually prevented the fall in egg count which is characteristic of the "self-cure" reaction, but did not interfere with the subsequent rise in titre of the specific or homologous antibody in the serum. On 7 of 13 occasions when sheep showed the "self-cure" reaction, the blood histamine level rose to about 0.05 µg per ml. during a period of about 24 hours between the second and fourth day after the administration of larvae. On none of 13 occasions when sheep failed to manifest "self-cure" was there any rise in blood histamine. The difference in behaviour of the two groups was significant statistically. The rise in blood histamine was demonstrated when sheep infested with either H. contortus or Trichostrongylus spp. were given H. contortus larvae and manifested the "self-cure" reaction. It was shown to occur also when "self-cure" occurred in sheep infested with Trichostrongylus spp. following the administration of Trichostrongylus spp. larvae. Increase in blood histamine was not demonstrated when Trichostrongylus spp. larvae were given to seven sheen infested with H. contortus and when "self-cure" did not take place. The increase in blood histamine as not associated with any consistent alteration in the concentration of eosinophils. There was no evidence that the increase in blood histamine was the direct cause of "self-cure". Sheep which manifested "self-cure" showed a strong local reaction to the intradermal inoculation of H. contortus antigen. Continued infestation with mature H. contortus or with mature Trichostrongylus spp. did not sensitize the sheep and sheep which failed to manifest "self-cure" did not exhibit an intradermal reaction. An oedematous change was evident in the mucous membrane of the Abomasum or small intestine, depending upon the site of attachment of the adults, on the day on which a rise in blood histamine occurred after the administration of larvae. The intake of H. contortus larvae produced this change only in the abomasum of a sheep which had been infested with H. contortus and only in the small intestine of a sheep which had been infested with Trichostrongylus spp.

Growth and feed conversion of Jersey and Friesian bulls in relation to plane of nutrition

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 829 ◽  
Author(s):  
TF Leche
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mature Size

Sixty Jersey and 48 Friesian bull calves were reared from birth on either of two planes of nutrition. A milk replacer and a concentrate diet were given before and after weaning respectively. The Jerseys were weaned at 45 kg and the Friesians at 77 kg. At liveweights arranged in logarithmic progression between birth and 249 kg, three calves of each treatment group were killed for analysis of body composition. Before and after weaning, the Friesians grew more rapidly than the Jerseys on the same treatment. They were also more efficient in terms of feed intake per liveweight gain. Similarly, calves of both breeds on the high plane of nutrition grew faster and more efficiently than the corresponding calves on the low plane. The growth of the Friesians was affected less by the feed restriction than was that of the Jerseys. After weaning, the feed conversion efficiency of the Friesians did not change significantly with increasing liveweight. Feed efficiency was reduced in the Jerseys as they grew larger. These results are compared with others from the literature and are discussed in relation to the difference in mature size between these breeds.

Helminth Parasites of Anurans from Zaria, Northern Guinea Savannah Zone of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.U Anele ◽  
I.H Nock ◽  
I.M.K Gadzama
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Xenopus Tropicalis ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Infestation Level ◽  
New Host ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Savannah Zone ◽  
New Host Records

Helminth parasitc infections were investigated in 150 Anurans collected in parts of the Northern Guinea Savannah during thedry and wet seasons of 2016. The Anurans that were investigated included Amietophrynus regularis, Kassina senegalensis,Afrixalus vittiger, Xenopus tropicalis, Xenopus fischbergi, Pyxiecephalus cf. edulis, Hoplobatrachus occipitalis, Amniranagalamensis and Ptychadena pumilio. Overall prevalence of helminth parasites was 64% (94/150). Seven species ofhelminths belonging to three taxonomic classes were recovered: Monogenea 4%, Trematoda 19.33% and Nematoda 40.67%were identified. Eupolystoma alluaudi (30%) was the only monogenean recorded from the bladder of S. regularis. Tematodesfound were Diplodischus fishthalicus (53.49%) and Haematoloechus micrurus (67.45%) from the rectum and lungs of H.occipitalis, respectively. Nematodes included Camallanus microcephalus from the oesophagus and small intestine of X.fischbergi ( 62.96%) and X. tropicalis (100 %), respectively, Camallanus dimitrovi (25.58%) from the small intestine andrectum of H. occipitalis, an unidentified nematode from the oesophagus and small intestine of X. fischbergi (1.85%) and X.tropicalis (33.33%), and an Aplectana (85.00%%) species from the small intestine and rectum of S. regularis. Except forEupolystoma alluaudi, the infestation level was generally low. Parasite prevalence was higher during the wet (39.33%) thandry (24.67%) season and the difference was not significant (p = 0.17). The prevalence and infection intensity were lower thanthose reported from anurans in southern biotopes of Nigeria. The occurrence of Camallanus macrocephalus is a new recordfor Nigeria, while X. fischbergi and X. tropicalis are new host records for C. macrocephalus. Keywords: Anurans, helminth, prevalence, Northern Guinea Savannah, Nigeria

scholarly journals FACTORS INFLUENCING THE CORRELATION BETWEEN DIFFERENCES OF ELECTRIC POTENTIAL IN THE SKIN OF HUMAN SUBJECTS AND BASAL METABOLISM

1931 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 789-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Purdy ◽  
Charles Sheard
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Electric Potential ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Electric Potentials ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Circulation Of The Blood

High metabolic rates are associated normally with small differences of electric potential, whereas low metabolic rates are associated with large differences of electric potential as measured on the extremities of the body. Within the normal range of metabolism there appears to be a definite correlation between the metabolic rates and the difference of electric potential over a specified area of the skin, provided the person under test has no abnormalities of the circulatory system or of the functions of the skin. If there are no dysfunctions of the circulation or of the skin, the metabolic rate may be calculated, within ±4 points, from the expression See PDF for Equation where x is the metabolic rate and y is the difference of electric potential across the specified areas of skin (electrodes 12 cm. apart). In general, there are abnormalities of the circulation of the blood or of the functions of the skin of persons for whom the metabolic rates determined by the two methods (difference of electric potentials and gasometric procedures) do not agree with ±4 points. Manifest retardation or return to normality in the rate of circulation of the blood, such as may be produced by the sphygmomanometric cuff under varying pressures, produces marked changes in the difference of electric potentials obtained across a specified intervening area of skin. Retardation of flow of blood produces increased differences of electric potential. Preliminary investigations indicate that there is an inverse correlation between cutaneous temperatures and differences of electric potential. Day by day variations, emotive effects and the partaking of food have less effect, in general, on the electric potentials across a specified area of skin than they have on the metabolic rates. These experimental results indicate that there may be a more direct correlation between electric potentials and the circulation of the blood per se than between electric potentials and the metabolism of the body per se. When normality of circulation of the blood and of the functions of the skin exists in the areas under test for differences of electric potential, there is apparently a correlation between metabolic rates and electric potentials.

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