scholarly journals The genotype influence for duration of the productive use of cows and the reasons of its disposal

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Novak
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Economic Use ◽  
Dairy Breed

The results of studies on the life and productive use of cows of different genotypes Ukrainian black and white dairy breed are presented in the article. It was established that the life expectancy of laboratory animals averaged 1851 ± 28 days and duration of productive use – 1065 ± 26.8 days. With increasing of blood Holstein breed productive use of animals decreased from 1158 (in cows with a share of inheritance Holstein below 50%) to 979 days (75% or more-blood animals). The high variability of life and productive use of cows all genotypes (Cv = 26 – 53%) are found out, which indicates ample opportunity to select animals according to these characteristics. The largest herd of cows (30.1%) dropped out due to poor performance and dysfunction of reproductive ability (25.9%). 20.3% of cows dropped out of the herd because of the physiological old age, 14.6% – because of udder disease, 9.1 % – as a result of injury. Withdrawal almost half of the animals (49.6%) from the herd is the result of causal relationships. One such feature is the certain sequence of events in time: cause precedes consequence. It is determined that between cause and consequence is genetic connection. At a certain stage of development the cause generates consequence. In the breeding aspect it could be minimized by setting optimal in terms of duration and efficiency of economic use of genotype of animals that are in specific ecological conditions of the environment. Birth calves per 100 cows, the coefficient of reproductive ability and fertility index animals grew with age. In order to increase the number, maintaining good performance reproductive ability and relatively higher fat and protein in milk black and white cows in the future breeding Ukrainian black and white dairy breed genotypes should be used, in which the share of inheritance Holstein breed is not more than 75%. However, the economies of the region should focus on preventive measures to non-communicable diseases, improving animal welfare.

scholarly journals THE ESTIMATION OF THE ECONOMIC USE AND LIFETIME PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED DEPENDING ON THE REASONS OF THEIR DISPOSAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 84-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Shulyar
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Reproductive Capability ◽  
Economic Use ◽  
Dairy Breed

An important selection peculiarity of dairy cows is their productive longevity. Besides, the indicators of cow productivity along with genetic potential are the most important criteria of the economic efficiency of their use. Low or not sufficient level of lifetime productivity indicators and of the period of the economic use of cows determine the necessity of monitoring of the selection information according to these indicators in the breed herds as well as the of using corresponding selection methods for their improvement. The goal of our research was the estimation of an economic use of lifetime cow productivity of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed depending on the reasons of their disposal from the herd and genotype. The research was conducted at a private agrarian firm (PAF) «Yerchyky» Zhytomyr oblast according to the data of breeding and productive use of 497 cows which were disposed from the herd on different reasons. The reasons for the cow disposal were determined according to the veterinary disposal acts. The indicators of cow economic use and lifetime productivity were determined on the ground of the term of rearing, life duration, term of economic use, amount of lactations, the total duration of lactation period, milk yields, milk yield per one lactation day, per life, and per economic use. Statistical processing was performed by means of Microsoft Excel software kit using the methods of variation statistics. As follows from the results of the research, in the process of holsteinization the dynamics of the parameters of the economic use of cows is characterized by curvilineal type: as follows from the heterotic effect they increased in animals with an conditional share of genetic heredity of Holstein breed from 50 and 62.5 to 75%, and then when the genetic heredity share of the improved breed increased by more than 75% they got worse due to the contradiction “genotype-environment”. At the same time within the determined genotypes (1st group-up to 50%, 5th group-87.6–100%) the indicators of lifetime productivity increase in case of 66% of reliable results. Besides, the interconnection level of the indices of lifetime use of the dairy cows of different genotypes has been studied. The criteria of the significance of the correlation coefficients according to Student has been used. The closer the linkage, the higher the correlation coefficients and the higher the criteria of their reliability. Generalized criteria of reliability on the grounds of all indicators of lifetime use was the lowest in cows of the 1st and 2nd groups, and the highest in cows of the 3rd group with further decrease in high half-bred cows and pure-breed cows of the 4th and 5th groups. It testifies to the fact that there is a close interconnection between given parameters and real milk yields in 3rd group cows (62.6–75.0% of the improved Holstein breed). At present, the reason of the shortening of the period of economic use is an early disposal of cows from the herd. A greater part of milking cows is disposed in the most productive period or even before it. At the given enterprise, a vast majority of holsteinized cows (77.5%) was disposed from the herd on four main reasons: unsatisfactory reproductive capability (32.2%), limbs diseases (22.3%), postpartal complications (13.9%) and low productivity (9.1%). The other reasons for cow disposal were within 1.6–7.0% (totaled up 22.5%) as to the total number of cow population that were disposed of the herd. It should be mentioned that the disposal caused by low productivity was only in the first calvers of the 1st and 2nd groups, in which the conditional share of genetic heredity of a Holstein breed did not exceed 62.5%. The parameters of the economic use and of lifetime productivity of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows of different genotypes which were disposed of the herd because of their unsatisfactory reproductive capability, limbs diseases, postpartal complications and low milking productivity have been also analyzed. It has been determined that the indicated reasons for the disposal had different effects on the parameters of an economic use and on cow productivity. Because of any of four indicated reasons for cow disposal of the herd under condition of in-barn keeping and optimal feeding the preference on lifetime productivity belongs to the cows of the 4th and 5th groups (with a conditional share of Holstein heredity of more than 75%) with simultaneous worsening of the indicators of economic use. As a third part of cows at this enterprise was disposed of the herd ahead of time on the reason of unsatisfactory reproductive capability, that results in breeding value and in the results of the economic use of cows, the updating of the technology of artificial animal insemination and renewal will promote to solving the problem.

INFLUENCE OF LIVE WEIGHT IN CULTIVATION ON THE DURATION OF PRODUCTIVE USE OF COWS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED OF DIFFERENT BLOODLINE ON THE HOLSTEIN BREED

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
L. M. Danets ◽  
I. V. Tkachova ◽  
V. P. Shablia
Keyword(s):  
Average Duration ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Complex Integral ◽  
The Cost ◽  
State Enterprises ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
Integral Feature ◽  
A Share

The duration of productive use is a complex integral feature and is determined by both genetic and paratypical factors. This feature should ensure maximum milk productivity of animals, economic efficiency of dairy farms and generally limit the cost of raising and keeping cows. Research conducted in the experimental farms of state enterprises "Kutuzovka", Kharkov district of Kharkov region using cow’s Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed (4038 cows). We studied the duration of productive use of cows divided into gradations according to the conditional bloodline for the Holstein breed, depending on the weight in the control age periods of cultivation (at birth, at 6, 12 and 18 months). The maximum value of the duration of productive use was recorded in the group of cows with a share of conditional blood for the Holstein breed up to 30% inclusive (the average duration of productive use is 2.77 lactations). The highest indicator of the duration of productive use of the studied animals was 4.09 lactations. Among cows with a share of conditional blood for the Holstein breed up to 30% longer produced those born with a weight of more than 40 kg (4.09 lactations), at 6 months of age weighed 100-149 kg, at 12 months – 200-249 kg, at 18 months of age – 350-399 kg. Among animals with a share of bloodline of 31-60 %, those that had a weight at the age of 6 months produced the longest: 155-190 kg (3.17 lactations), at 12 months – 250-299 kg (2.98 lactations), at 18 months – 350-399 kg (3.06 lactations). In the most numerous gradation with the share of bloodline for the Holstein breed 61-90 %, the longest productive use was characterized by animals born with a weight of 30-39 kg (2.12 lactation), at 6 months of age they weighed more than 200 kg (3.29 lactation), at 12 months-300-349 kg (3.40 lactation), at 18 months – 400-449 kg (2.82 lactation). The average duration of productive use of cows of this grade is quite low – in the range of 2.82-3.29 lactations. The highest degree of influence on the duration of productive use in this gradation of animals was recorded by the live weight factor at 6 months of age (η2 = 10.8). Сcomparative assessment of the cows gradation with a share of conditional blood for the Holstein breed of 91 % or more found that the longest productive use was characterized by cows that had a live weight at birth of 30-39 kg (1.93 lactation), in 6 months – 155-199 kg (2.73 lactation), in 12 months – 250-299 kg (2.87 lactation) and in 18 months – 350-399 kg (2.62 lactation). The degree of influence of live weight at this age on the duration of productive use of cows is insignificant, except for live weight at 6 months of age (η2 = 11.8).

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF HOLSTEIN BREED BULLS BY DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF THEIR DAUGHTERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
S. L. Voitenko ◽  
O. V. Sydorenko
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Paternal Origin ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
The Third ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dairy Breed

The scientific community has shown that the genetic improvement of dairy cattle depends on many genotypic factors, including paternal ancestry and lineage. With this in mind, the purpose of our research was to evaluate the Holstein bulls of black-and-white and red-and-white suits of different lines for the milk productivity of their daughters. The research was carried out on the basis of primary breeding records of 10 breeding herds of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, 3 – Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed and one – Ukrainian Red Dairy breed, which are subordinated to NAAS. Cows of the studied breeds has divided into groups according to lineage and paternal origin. Studies have revealed a significant differentiation of milk yield of cows of the first and highest lactation not only of one breed, but also of linear affiliation and paternal origin. It was found that the yield of the first lactation in cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed varied from 3211 kg (Damir 7100354042) to 7884 kg (Dzhokus 113080315) of milk. Noteworthy are the daughters of Dzhokus 113080315, from which 9143 kg of milk were obtained for higher lactation, Polyarsten 342347941 and Manteno 344222859 – 8248 kg and 8290 kg of milk, respectively. The significant influence of paternal origin on the yield of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed cows of the first and higher lactation (31.0%; P > 0.999) and 37.3% has been proved; P > 0.999). The influence of genealogical formation on the milk productivity of cows was significant and amounted to 10.8% for the first lactation, higher – 10.2%. Some of the first-born Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed has characterized by high milk productivity, which steadily increased until the third and higher lactation. The yield of cows of the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed of the first lactation varied from 5414 kg (Dialog 2009) to 6689 kg (Larets 6177), testifying to better homogeneity of herds in terms of milk productivity compared to the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed. The highest yield of the third and highest lactation – 7626 kg, had cows-daughters of the bull Roman 660886883 Starbuck line 352790. The variability of milking cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed of the first and highest lactation by 25.0% and 15.2%, respectively, was due to the influence of the father offspring and to a lesser extent – belonging to the line. A very high (6517–8013 kg) realization potential of milking cows of the Ukrainian Red Dairy breed was established, but it also depended on the paternal origin and linear affiliation. The highest yield of the first lactation were shown by the daughters of the bull Belisar 365235897, Dzhorin 114414759 and Tumpi 112367468, who produced 8013 kg, 7323 kg and 7170 kg of milk, respectively. In cows of this breed it was found that yield increased with increasing serial number of lactation, with the third and higher lactation cows produced more than 8000 kg of milk per lactation, and the daughters of bull Dzhorin 114414759 – more than 9000 kg. The influence of the bull on the milk productivity of the first-born cows of the Ukrainian Red Dairy breed (16.7%; P > 0.999) is almost three times higher than this linear affiliation. Significant phenotypic variability of milk productivity of cows of different breeds of half-sisters by the father is established. The advantage of the daughters of the bull Belisar 365235897 of the Ukrainian Red Dairy breed on milking of the first lactation over the representatives of the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed was 1932 kg (p < 0.001). The difference in milk yield of the first lactation of the half-sisters by the father, the bull Konbeo 579810507 was 1007 kg (p < 0.01), and Roman 660886883 – 717 kg. Thus, a significant phenotypic variability of milk productivity of cows of different breeds of half-sisters by father was established. At the same time, regardless of the breeder, the cows of the Ukrainian Red Dairy breed were characterized by higher milk yield of the first lactation in comparison with the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE AND RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREEDS

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
V. V. Machulnyi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Dairy Breed

Milk yield of cows in breeding herds, Cherkassy region, for last completed lactation averaged 6442 kg of milk with 3.62 % fat content. Currently the question of interconnection of cows’ milk production and reproductive capacity is especially important, because the significant increase in milk yields makes minimize calves. The successful conduct of breeding had set the goal to detect the best options for combining milk production and reproductive ability of animals.To characterize the level of milk production including reproductive ability of cows we used indicator of daily average milk yield per one day of periods between calving (PBC). The best service period can be considered period of 51-90 days, that allows you to get one calf per cow per year (average PBC is 351 days) and maintain high milk production (6431 ± 39.6 kg during 305 days of lactation). With this service period all indicators of milk production and reproductive ability are at high level. Reduced service period below recommended levels will reduce the duration of lactation and milk production, and increasing service period will increase the duration of lactation with a simultaneous reduction in milk production for 305 days. Herewith deterioration of reproductive ability is marked and manifested in the increase of the insemination index, decline in the reproductive capacity, increase of periods between calving and as a result, reduce of calves and culling barren cows.Analysis of genealogical structure of the studied herds points to low diversity (Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows belong to 6 lines and Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy cows – to 8 ones) with high affinity (by Chief 1427381.62 to R. Sovereign 198998 bloodline, by Starbuck 352790.79 to Elevation 1491007 and Ideal1013415 bloodlines).Genealogical structure of the herds is saturated a lot of bulls genealogical groups of Holstein cattle: Chief 1427381 – 11 bulls in the array of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed and 5 ones in Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed, Starbuck 352790.79 – 10 sires in the array of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cattle and 3 ones in Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed, Elevation 1491007.65 – 4 sires in the array of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cattle and 3ones in Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed.Currently the sires of Chief 1427381.62 (7712-3,76-289,9-3,14-242,1), Starbuck 352790 (7857-3,87-295,4-3,07-241,2), Jocko Besne 694028588.94(6687-3,88-259,5-3,03-202,6), and Bell 1667366 bloodlines (61341-3,95-242,3-3,02-185,2) among sires of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cattle and the sires of Cavalier 1620273.72 (7285-3,98-289,9-3,08-224,4), Chief 1427381.62 (7522-3,76-282,8-3,00-225,7),Starbuck 392405 (7667-3,87-296,7-3,00-230,0), and Elevation 1491007.65 bloodlines (7544-3,80-286,7-3,5-230,0) among sires of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed are classified to a highly productive and promising for breeding and wider use by productive qualities.After the first insemination the lowest proportion of fertilized cows is among offspring belonging to Chief 1427381 bloodline which is only 38 % among both breeds. However, the milk yield of breeding stock belonging to this bloodline is 7712 kg with 3.76 % fat content for Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows and 7522 kg of milk with 3.76 % fat content for Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy cows. Daughters belonging to Elevation1491007, Valiant 1650414, and Hanover 1629391 bloodlines with yields of 4566-5478 kg of milk per lactation had a part of fertilized cows, after the first insemination, at the level of 41-49 %. Fertilization after the first insemination above 50% was in daughters belonging to Cavalier 1620273.72 (52%), Starbuck 392405(50-55 %), Bell 1667366(56%) and Jocko Besne 694028588.94 bloodlines (64 %). The level of performance of these animals for milk yield ranged from 6134 kg to 7857 kg.Heritability coefficients of milk yield and duration of service period were low (0.118-0.289). A positive correlation can be explained by the fact that extension of service period (to a certain level) leads to growing number of milking days (duration of lactation) and defers a decrease in productivity of cows by physiological reasons, namely as a result of pregnancy. Low rates of heritability indicate little genetic diversity of traits and the significant influence of physiological and environmental factors in their formation.As Ukrainian Black-and-White and Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breeds have a high proportion of heredity of Holstein breed which has genetically large fetus, there is need to study the characteristics of nature passing calving in cows of these breeds. Itis found the number of first-calf heifers which needed help was 52.4%. Animals calve alone in 47.6 % of all cases. Calving was without complications if the live weight of calves not exceeding 6-7% of mother’s weight. The cows calved without help of staff exceeded by 11.7% of the width of the pelvis in the buttocks, 7.5 % of the width of the ilium, and 7.1 % of its oblique length compared with animals of same age.

scholarly journals PHENOTYPIC CONSOLIDATION DAUGHTERS OF BULL-SIRES ESTIMATED BY THE METHOD OF LINEAR CLASSIFICA-TION

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Leontiy Khmelnychyi ◽  
Serhii Khmelnychyi ◽  
Dmitryi Bardash
Keyword(s):  
Linear Estimation ◽  
Linear Classification ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Breed Type ◽  
Linear Description ◽  
Experimental Base ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Dairy Breed

The aim of our research was to determine the degree of phenotypic consolidation coefficients of bull-sires daughters in the Sumy intra-breed type of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, estimated by linear traits that characterize the conformation type of cows. The experimental base of research was information on the linear classification of first-calf cows of Sumy intra-breed type of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed in the PE "Burynske" breeding farm in Pidlisnivskyi department of Sumy district. The estimation of the first-calf cows by type was carried out using the method of linear classification by two systems: 9-point, with a linear description of 18 conformation traits and 100-point including four complexes of breeding traits that characterize: dairy type, body, limbs and udder. The coefficients of phenotypic consolidation (K1 and K2) cows of selection groups for linear traits of the conformation were determined according to formulas proposed by Yu. P. Polupan (2005). The level of phenotypic consolidation daughters of bull-sires estimated by group conformation traits indicated that regardless of the origin, phenotypic consolidation coefficients by overall type assessment had a positive value with a wide variability of coefficient K1 from 0.056 to 0.512 and coefficient K2 – from 0.065 to 0.505. Among all estimated by phenotypic consolidation bulls, less consolidated by group linear traits were found sires of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed – Motuzok and Front. Among sires of Holstein breed the best by group traits and overall assessment of the type were: V. Delight (K1 = 0.242-0.334; K2 = 0.247-0.349); D. Capris (K1 = 0.085-0.341; K2 = 0.089-0.348) and Hayes (K1 = 0.071-0.375; K2 = 0.082-0.370). From the sires of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed the Iceberg was the best (К1 = 0.059-0.478; К2 = 0.047-0.472). Magnitude of the degree phenotypic consolidation of descriptive traits of linear estimation daughters of bull-sires, regardless of origin, differed significantly by higher variability in comparison with group traits. Coefficients of phenotypic consolidation calculated by the formula K1, varied according to the bull-sires assessment from -0.434 (teats length of Iceberg daughters) to 0.504 (rump angle of Milliam daughters). The higher variability of phenotypic consolidation coefficients was revealed according to the formula K2, whose level varied from -0.571 (udder depth of Lyubimy's daughters) to 0.546 (angularity of Milliam daughters). By the coefficients of phenotypic consolidation of descriptive traits K1 and K2, there wasn't found no one bull-sire only with positive values. The most consolidated for overwhelming majority of descriptive traits were the bulls-sires of Holstein breed – Lauer, Toprate and Milliam. The highest consolidation of descriptive traits had all daughters of bulls by angularity with the highest number of positive values of coefficients. The presence of a genetic influence of bull-sires on the degree of phenotypic consolidation of the majority of linear traits of daughters with a significant advantage of Holstein producers was established.

scholarly journals The influence of the natural-climate zone on the cattle productivity of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
S. Voitenko ◽  
O. Sydorenko
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dairy Breed

It has been highlighted the data of researches as for the influence of natural and climatic zones of Ukraine on display of economically useful signs of the most numerous cattle in the country like Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed. It was the grounds to assert the efficiency of resources use in those conditions to which they are most adapted and have genetically determined potential. It was found that cowsof lactation breeding herds in the Forest-steppe zone produced 7344 kg of milk, which is 242 kg and 1125 kg more than in the Steppe and Polissya regions due to significant variation of the characteristic within each climatic zone (Cv = 11.6– 27,5%). The Polissya zone, where the animals' yieldwere 5764 kg, while in other climates 6982–6992 kg, does not contribute to the high productivity of the first lactation cows. It is proved that the duration of the service period in cows of three natural and climatic zones of Ukraine varied from 106 days in Polissya to 126 days – Forest-steppe, but it did not agree with the output of calves per 100 cows, which in 81 Polissya amounted to 82 and Forest-steppe – 79. The heifers of the Steppe zone are inseminated with live weight of 391 kg at the age of 477 days, and the Forest-steppe and Polissya with slightly less 385 kg and 387 kg, respectively, at the age of 493 days and 517 days. There is no significant difference in live weight at the ages of 6, 12 and 18 months between heifers of different natural and climatic zones of Ukraine, but the degree of development of the trait after 6 months was slightly better in cattle of the Steppe zone. A positive correlation was found between milk yield of first lactation cows of all natural climatic zones and their live weight at 6, 12 and 18 months of age, as well as negative calf age at first insemination (-0.587 ... -0.810) with significant correlation from the cattle of the Steppe zone. A high correlation coefficient (+0.703) was found in cows between live weight of heifers at first insemination and first lactation in the Polissya region. Key words: natural and climatic zones, Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, cows, yield, lactation, live weight, reproductive ability indicators, selection traits.

Milk productivity of cows of Black-and-White breed depending on the part of Holstein blood

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-29
Author(s):  
T. Shishkina ◽  
T. Guseva ◽  
A. Galiullin ◽  
N. Semikova
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
White Breed ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Economic Use ◽  
Best Parameters

A retrospective analysis of the dynamics of traits of milk productivity of Black-and-White cows with increased the part of Holstein breed blood has been carried out. Two groups have been formed from the number of culling animals of two adjacent generations: the 1st group (basic generation) with the part of Holstein breed blood of 3/4 (75 %) and the 2nd group with the part of Holstein breed blood of 7/8 (87,5 %) per 35 heads in each. As a result, it has been found that cows with the part of blood of 7/8 had the best indicators of milk productivity for I, II and III lactation. They significantly exceeded the indicators of cows with part of Holstein blood of 3/4 in terms of milk yield and yield of milk fat. The decrease in average daily milk yields for months of lactation in high-blooded cows was lower by 3 %, and the indicator of full-competed lactation was higher by 17,8 %. High-blooded animals have been culled out of the herd more intensively. By the end of the third lactation, the livability of livestock in the 1st group was 100 %, and in the second group – 23 %. The best parameters of productive longevity were distinguished by animals of the basic generation with the part of Holstein breed blood of 3/4. They signifi cantly surpassed of high-blooded animals in terms of longevity and period of productive longevity, respectively, by 1109 (P < 0,001) and 739 (P < 0,001) days, and in terms of lifetime milk yield – by 14392 kg (P < 0,001). The increase of the part of the blood of cows to 7/8 was carried out using purebred producers of foreign selection, the new generation of high-blooded animals had a relatively high genetic potential. However, 7/8-blooded cows of Holstein breed used it only by 53,4 %, which was by 24,3 % (P < 0,001) lower than the base generation. Thus, in the current environments of CJSC “Konstantinovo” high-blooded animals of Holstein breed do not suffi ciently realize the genetic potential, and the increase in productivity is associated with the loss of milk due to the decrease in the duration of economic use of animals. Based on this, we propose at the present stage to suspend the upgrading crossbreeding and return to the using Holsteinized sires domestic selection with the part of Holstein breed blood of 75 to 85 %.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY OF THE COWS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED UKRAINIAN DEPENDING ON HEREDITARY FACTORS

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 152-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Shulyar
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Cultivation Period ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
Economic Use ◽  
Dairy Breed

A rather low productive longevity of cows, particularly among holsteinized cattle stock, is observed in dairy husbandry of Ukraine. In the process of creating new dairy breeds in Ukraine, the reduction of cows’ lifespan and productive longevity along with yield increase are observed. The scientists’ research revealed the tendency to cows’ long-term performance reduction under the increasing of the genetic potential of a herd. It stipulates the topicality of the research as to the search of the effective genetic and selective methods of lengthening animals’ long-term performance. The goal of the research was to study the indicators of economic use and lifetime productivity of daughters from different bulls, as well as from different cows’ lines of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed. The research was conducted on the materials of a stud farm «Yerchyky» in Zhytomyr oblast which specializes in Ukrainian black-and-white livestock breeding, as well as on using own experimental data. The indices of cow economic use and lifetime productivity were determined on the ground of the term of rearing, life duration, term of economic use, amount of lactations, the total duration of lactation period, milk yields, milk yield per one lactation day, per life, and per economic use. The reasons for their disposal were determined according to veterinary disposal acts. The statistical data processing was done using the method of variational statistics. The power of influence of both, the paternity and the linear belonging, was determined by single-factor variance analysis. Having evaluated the daughters from different bulls of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed on a stud farm “Yerchyky”, it has been determined that daughters of Dilaita 542206 had better indices of economic use. They had both, the longest lifespan and the longest economic use, under uncertain distinction between them and the daughters from other bulls. The number of lactations in daughters from different bulls was low – in the range of 2.0 to 2.5. The coefficient of economic use was in the range of 48.4–50.5%. A long-life milk yield of daughters of Dilaita 542206 was the highest, but they had absolute advantage only above the half-sisters from stud bulls Virnyi 4975 and Klen 5221. The highest milk yield per lactation day had the daughters of Filder 5573125 (16.6 kg), which is by 2.8 kg more than the milk yield received from the daughters of Virnyi 4975, by 1 kg more than from the daughters of Dilait 5422064, by 2.9 kg more than from the female descendants of Klen 5212.   On a one day basis of economic use, the highest milk yield had half-sisters of Kondon bull 397111, that is by 2.2 kg more than had the daughters of Virnyi 4975, by 1.8 kg more than had the daughters of Klen 5212. Practically there is no difference as to the milk yield of daughters of Dilait 5422064 and that of Fidler 5573215. The descendants of Fidler 5573125 had the highest milk yield per one day of life. The parameters of economic use and of the lifetime productivity of the cows of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed have been studied comparing different lines. The longest lifespan had the cows of Starbuck line, the cows of Waliant line had the longest economic use under uncertain difference when comparing with the descendants of other lines. The number of lactations was low and ranged from 2.3 to 2.6. The coefficient of economic use of the cows of different lines was within 48.6–54.00%. The highest life-term milk yield had the cows of Valiant and Vis Burke Aidiala lines. These cows had the best indices of economic use and of lifetime productivity, they had the highest milk yield per one lactation day. By means of single-factor variance analysis it has been determined that the paternity has a significant impact on the indices of economic use as well as on a linear belonging. A reliable part of bulls influence on the duration of cultivation period makes 7.2%, on milking yield per one day of lactation – 12.6%, on one day of economic use – 4.8%, on one day of life – 4.2%. The influence of linear belonging was lower. A reliable part of linear belonging influence on the duration of cultivation period makes 2.9%, on milking yield per one lactation period – 9.5%, and on one day of economic use – 3.3%.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY AND REPRODUCTIVE ABILITY OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WITE AND RED-AND-WITE MILK COWS DEPENDING ON THE SELECTIONAL DIRECTION OF HOLSTEIN BREED

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 178-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Machulnyi ◽  
S. N. Pokryshcuk ◽  
A. A. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
North American ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
The North ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Selection Of

Formation of high-yielding herds is a rather long breeding process (at least 10–12 years), during which animals of the 3rd–4th generation appear. During this period, it is necessary to preserve a certain scientifically justified direction of selection to perform the tasks, the embodiment of which in life is possible only in the presence of a long-term plan of breeding work. Selection of cows for milk productivity primarily depends on the degree of influence on this feature of the main genetic and environmental factors, taking into account that you can significantly improve the desired attributes. The purpose of our research was to assess productive and reproductive animal characteristics of Ukrainian red- and black-and-white dairy breeds, search of the most effective breeding methods for improving the reproductive function of cows and heifers. Indicators of economically useful signs of the animals under investigation are calculated according to the data of the primary zootechnical account according to the generally accepted methods of biometric analysis. In the course of the work the genealogical, population, genetic and mathematical methods of studying patterns of inheritance, variability, repeatability, estimation of the genotype of animals and other classical methods of research were used. According to the results of our research, it is evident that the best milk production is characterized by the animals obtained by using the Holstein breed of North American breeds. A well-defined difference of 234 kg is observed in the cows of the Ukrainian black-and-white milk breed, and in the red- and-white peers there is an insignificant difference between the groups. That indicates that the high-level animals of the Holstein breed do not fully realize their genetic potential by productivity. It should be noted that the bloodiness of the North American selection of Holstein breeds in the genotypes of both breeds, in contrast to the diet, had a negative effect on the protein content of milk (milk protein content decreased by 0.5–0.9% In comparison with the animals of the desirable type of daughter from the European bulls of the Holstein breed in the group of Ukrainian black- and red- and-white dairy breeds were significantly superior to or were at the level of the animals of the desired type for fatty milk and milk protein content, unlike the daughters from the bulls of the North American breeding direction. Animals derived from the bulls of the North American breeding Holstein breed had the longest service period 166.1 days, which is 36.4 days more than that of the animals of the same breed, but from the bulls of European breeding Holstein breed (P > 0,05). It was also characterized by a longer give birth period, which amounted to 445.4 days, prevailing at the same time of first-born cows with European genetics of Holstein breed for 36 days (P > 0,05). According to the indicator of reproductive ability of animals of Ukrainian black-and-white milk breeds holsteinized by the European type of breeding Holstein breed have a better result of 0.89 in contrast to the peers  holsteinized by the North American type of selection 0,86 (P > 0,05). In the comparative analysis of the correlation of reproductive ability of cows with different genotypic groups of both breeds, the cows with the European type of selection of the Holstein breed are preferable to the parameters of the animals of the desired type. Conclusions. According to the results of the evaluation of milk productivity, the preference is given to the animals obtained from the bulls of the Holstein breed of North American breeding by quantitative indices but this genetics negatively affected the protein content of milk. Compared to the animals of the desired type, – then both breeding directions are considerably inferior to the parameters of the animals of the desired type, but on qualitative indicators of milk productivity the cows from the bulls of European breeding Holstein breed prevail and their peers with the North American selection of Holstein breed and animals of the desired type. According to the performance of the reproductive ability of the daughter of the North American bulls Holstein breed had the longest service- and between the give birth period, and shorter dry period. According to the indicator of reproductive ability, dominated cows by the European type of breeding Holstein breed.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE DRY SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE OF AZERBAIJAN ON THE DURATION OF PREGNANCY OF HEIFERS AND THEIR DAUGHTERS OF THE HOLSTEIN BREED OF GERMAN BREEDING

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
А.И. АБИЛОВ ◽  
С.Ф. АБИЛОВА ◽  
И.П. НОВГОРОДОВА
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Duration Of Pregnancy

Работа посвящена изучению воспроизводительной способности как критерия адаптации животных голштинской породы черно-пестрой масти немецкой селекции в условиях сухого субтропического климата Азербайджана. В контрольную группу (n=79) вошли нетели, импортированные с 3—4-месячной стельностью из Германии, выросшие в умеренно-континентальном мягком климате. В условиях Азербайджана их адаптационный период начался в возрасте 18—24 мес. Опытная группа состояла из нетелей (n=79), рожденных в Азербайджане от животных контрольной группы. Были изучены воспроизводительные показатели: возраст первого осеменения, продолжительность стельности, возраст первого отела. Телята опытной группы за счет сухого субтропического, умеренно-жаркого климата быстрее росли и достигали возраста первого осеменения и отела. У 64% животных опытной группы возраст первого осеменения составлял до 500 суток, в то же время в контрольной группе только 48% телок были осеменены к этому возрасту. Разница составила 16%. У 29% животных опытной группы продолжительность стельности составила менее 270 дней, в то время как в контроле — только 21% (P<0,01). Потомство, полученное в условиях Азербайджана от импортных матерей, по сравнению с ними отличалось более ранней половой зрелостью и более коротким сроком плодоношения. The work is devoted to the study of reproductive ability as a criterion for the adaptation of animals of the Holstein breed of the black-and-white suit of German breeding in the conditions of the dry subtropical climate of Azerbaijan. The control group (n=79) included heifers imported with a 3—4-month pregnancy from Germany, who grew up in a temperate continental mild climate. In the conditions of Azerbaijan, their adaptation period began at the age of 18—24 months. The experimental group consisted of heifers (n=79) born in Azerbaijan from animals of the control group. Reproductive indicators were studied: the age of the first insemination, the duration of pregnancy, the age of the first calving. The calves of the experimental group grew faster due to the dry subtropical, moderately hot climate and reached the age of the first insemination and calving. In 64% of the animals of the experimental group, the age of the first insemination was up to 500 days, while in the control group only 48% of heifers were inseminated by this age. The difference was 16%. In 29% of the animals of the experimental group, the duration of pregnancy was less than 270 days, while in the control — only 21% (P<0.01). The offspring obtained in Azerbaijan from imported mothers, in comparison with them, differed in earlier sexual maturity and a shorter period of fruiting.

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