scholarly journals ВПЛИВ ТЕМПЕРАТУРИ НА РІСТ МІЦЕЛІЮ ЗБУДНИКІВ ХВОРОБ СІЯНЦІВ

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
I.P. Matsiakh ◽  
V.O. Kramarets
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Phytophthora Cactorum ◽  
Thanatephorus Cucumeris ◽  
Pythium Acanthicum

В умовах лабораторного експерименту досліджено вплив температури на ріст чистих культур Alternaria alternata, Ilyonectria radicicola, Fusarium oxysporum, Thanatephorus cucumeris, Pythium acanthicum, Phytophthora cactorum, Ph. plurivora, Ph. lacustris, Ph. gonapodyides, які є збудниками хвороб сіянців у лісових розсадниках на території Бескид. Для цих патогенів встановлено діапазони температур, за яких розвивався їх міцелій, зазначено оптимальні температури, за яких розвиток відбувався найшвидше.

scholarly journals Effect of cover crops on the microorganisms communities in the soil under scorzonera cultivation

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 460-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Patkowska ◽  
M. Konopiński
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Antagonistic Bacteria ◽  
Thanatephorus Cucumeris ◽  
Cultivated Soil ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Positive Effect

The purpose of the studies was to determine the microorganisms communities in the soil under scorzonera cultivation with the cover crops using. The greatest total CFU of bacteria occurred in the soil from the experimental combination where oat ploughed over in spring or autumn was the cover crops. The smallest total CFU of bacteria was obtained after ploughing over the mulch of tansy phacelia. The use of oats and spring vetch had a positive effect on the population of bacteria from the genera of Bacillus and Pseudomonas. The smallest CFU of fungi was obtained from the soil where oat constituted the mulch. Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum, F. culmorum, Haematonectria haematococca and Thanatephorus cucumeris were most frequently isolated from the soil. The most isolates of the enumerated fungi were obtained from the soil cultivated in a conventional cultivation and after ploughing over the mulch of tansy phacelia plants. The most antagonistic bacteria and fungi occurred in the soil after ploughing over the mulch of oat, while the least in the conventionally cultivated soil.

scholarly journals Qualidade sanitária e fisiológica de sementes de abóbora variedade Menina Brasileira

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derblai Casaroli ◽  
Danton C. Garcia ◽  
Marlove F. B. Muniz ◽  
Nilson L. de Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Cladosporium Cucumerinum

O trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar e correlacionar a qualidade sanitária e fisiológica de sementes de abóbora, variedade Menina Brasileira (Cucurbita moschata.). Foram avaliados dois lotes de sementes de abóbora produzidas no sistema agroecológico e quatro no sistema convencional, com e sem tratamento químico. Os lotes foram submetidos aos testes de sanidade, seguindo a metodologia do "Blotter test", com congelamento, germinação e vigor (primeira contagem, índice de velocidade de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado e emergência de plântulas). Os resultados indicaram a separação dos lotes de diferentes origens a partir da qualidade sanitária e fisiológica, onde as maiores incidências de fungos foram observadas nos lotes agroecológicos e o maior potencial fisiológico foi observado nos lotes de origem convencional não tratados. Foram encontrados os fungos Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium digitatum, Rhizopus stolonifer e Phoma terrestris. A qualidade sanitária não interferiu na qualidade fisiológica das sementes de abóbora, variedade Menina Brasileira.

Antifungal Activities of Some Indole Derivatives

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 437-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Xu ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
Wen-Bin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Indole Derivatives ◽  
Alternaria Brassicae ◽  
Antifungal Activities

Nine indole derivatives were evaluated in vitro against Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria alternata, Helminthosporium sorokinianum, Pyricularia oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumarinum, and Alternaria brassicae. Most of the compounds were found to possess antifungal activities. Especially compounds 2, 5, 8, and 9 exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activities against the above-mentioned seven phytopathogenic fungi, and showed more potent activities than hymexazole, a commercial agricultural fungicide.

Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of Some 2,6-Bis-(Un)Substituted Phenoxymethylpyridines

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 433-436
Author(s):  
Hui Xu ◽  
Huan Qu
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Alternaria Brassicae ◽  
Antifungal Activities

Several 2,6-bis-(un)substituted phenoxymethylpyridines were synthesized and evaluated in vitro against Fusarium graminearum, Helminthosporium sorokinianum, Alternaria brassicae, Alternaria alternata, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. Among all derivatives, compound 3 a exhibited a broad-spectrum antifungal activity against the five phytopathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Mating-Type Genes from Asexual Phytopathogenic Ascomycetes Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternata

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1330-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Arie ◽  
Isao Kaneko ◽  
Takanobu Yoshida ◽  
Masami Noguchi ◽  
Yoshikuni Nomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Hmg Box ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Mating Type Genes ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Flanking Regions ◽  
Mat Genes

Mating-type (MAT) loci were cloned from two asexual (mitosporic) phytopathogenic ascomycetes, Fusarium oxysporum (a pyrenomycete) and Alternaria alternata (a loculoascomycete), by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based strategy. The conserved high mobility group (HMG) box domain found in the MAT1-2-1 protein was used as a starting point for cloning and sequencing the entire MAT1-2 idiomorph plus flanking regions. Primer pairs designed to both flanking regions were used to amplify the opposite MAT1-1 idiomorph. The MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 idiomorphs were approximately 4.6 and 3.8 kb in F. oxysporum and approximately 1.9 and 2.2 kb in A. alternata, respectively. In both species, the MAT1-1 idiomorph contains at least one gene that encodes a protein with a putative alpha box domain and the MAT1-2 idiomorph contains one gene that encodes a protein with a putative HMG box domain. MAT-specific primers were used to assess the mating type of F. oxysporum and A. alternata field isolates by PCR. MAT genes from A. alternata were expressed. The A. alternata genes were confirmed to be functional in a close sexual relative, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, by heterologous expression.

scholarly journals Βιολογικές δράσεις αρωματικών-φαρμακευτικών φυτών

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Παρασκευή Υφαντή
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata

Στα πλαίσια της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής μελετήθηκαν συγκεκριμένες βιολογικές δράσεις (αντικαρκινική, φυτοπροστατευτική) ορισμένων αρωματικών – φαρμακευτικών φυτών που επιλέχθηκαν από την αυτοφυή χλωρίδα της Ηπείρου. Αρχικά διερευνήθηκε η πιθανή αντικαρκινική δράση των επιλεγμένων φυτικών ειδών στην Α549 καρκινική κυτταρική σειρά, η οποία χρησιμοποιήθηκε ως μοντέλο. Ο τύπος του κυτταρικού θανάτου (απόπτωση – νέκρωση) μελετήθηκε με βιοχημικά και μορφολογικά κριτήρια. Τα εκχυλίσματα που παρουσίασαν ενδιαφέρον για την αντικαρκινική τους δράση αξιολογήθηκαν. Εκείνα που επιλέχθηκαν μελετήθηκαν για την εκλεκτικότητα της δράσης τους, έπειτα από επίδρασή τους σε πνευμονικούς ινοβλάστες. Ένα από τα αρωματικά φυτά που παρουσίασε ενδιαφέρον για την αποπτωτική του δράση στα Α549 καρκινικά κύτταρα, αναλύθηκε χρωματογραφικά (GC-MS, DHS-GC-MS) και μελετήθηκε για την αντιμυκητική του δράση σε τρία φυτοπαθογόνα είδη μυκήτων που προσβάλουν την τομάτα.Ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον για την αντικαρκινική του δράση παρουσίασε τo μεθανολικό εκχύλισμα φύλλων του φαρμακευτικού φυτού Helleborus cyclophyllus, το οποίο, όπως διαπιστώθηκε επάγει την απόπτωση των καρκινικών κυττάρων, ενώ δεν επηρεάζει τα φυσιολογικά κύτταρα του πνεύμονα (πνευμονικούς ινοβλάστες). Το εκχύλισμα φύλλων του H. cyclophyllus διαπιστώθηκε, ότι προκαλεί εξωκυττάρωση και σχηματισμό κυστιδίων (ectosomes), αποκόλληση των Α549 καρκινικών κυττάρων από το υπόστρωμά τους, σχηματισμό ενός μεγάλου σε μέγεθος κυστιδίου εντός του κυτταροπλάσματος που μοιάζει με δομές γνωστές ως θανατοσώματα και τέλος επάγει την απόπτωσή τους. Μέχρι σήμερα δεν είναι γνωστή κάποια ουσία που να προκαλεί τα προαναφερόμενα φαινόμενα και να οδηγεί σε επιλεκτική απόπτωση των καρκινικών κυττάρων. Τα μειωμένα επίπεδα της προκασπάσης -3 και η διάσπαση της PARP (0.1, 0.6 mg/ mL) που διαπιστώθηκαν με ανοσοαπωτύπωση κατά Western blot επιβεβαιώνουν την αποπτωτική δράση του εκχυλίσματος.Από τα αρωματικά φυτά της οικογένειας Lamiaceae ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον παρουσίασε το είδος Satureja horvatii ssp. macrophylla. Σύμφωνα με τα αποτελέσματα της κυτταρομετρίας ροής το εκχύλισμα που χρησιμοποιήθηκε στις βιοδοκιμές ενεργοποιεί την απόπτωση και προκαλεί νέκρωση στα Α549 επιθήλια καρκινικά κύτταρα του πνεύμονα. Όπως διαπιστώθηκε από την αέριο χρωματογραφική ανάλυση του αιθέριου ελαίου (GC-MS) το S. horvatii ssp. macrophylla που χρησιμοποιήθηκε στις βιοδοκιμές ανήκει στον χημειότυπο της καρβακρόλης (42-48%). Η αντιμυκητική δράση του αιθέριου ελαίου μελετήθηκε για τα είδη Botrytis cinereae, Alternaria alternata που προκαλούν, εκτός των άλλων, μετασυλλεκτικές σήψεις σε καρπούς τομάτας και το είδος Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, το οποίο είναι ένα εδαφογενές φυτοπαθογόνο που προκαλεί αδρομύκωση στα φυτά της τομάτας.Από τα αποτελέσματα των βιοδοκιμών στα 3 φυτοπαθογόνα είδη διαπιστώθηκε, ότι το αιθέριο έλαιο του S. horvatii ssp. macrophylla ήταν ιδιαίτερα δραστικό. Για όλες τις συγκεντρώσεις που δοκιμάστηκαν η δράση του αιθέριου ελαίου ήταν μυκοστατική, ενώ μεγαλύτερο ενδιαφέρον παρουσίασε η υποκαπνιστική δράση του αιθέριου ελαίου συγκριτικά με την δράση εξ΄ επαφής. Η ελάχιστη συγκέντρωση αναστολής της μυκηλιακής ανάπτυξη (MIC) υπολογίστηκε σε 123 μL/ L αέρα για το F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici και σε 100 μL/ L για το A. alternata.

scholarly journals SEED MYCOFLORA OF Lens culinaris MEDDIK. FROM DIFFERENT STORAGE CONDITIONS AND IN-VITRO INHIBITION USING PLANT EXTRACTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshan Chhetri ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Vitex Negundo ◽  
Eclipta Prostrata

Nine hundred sixty seeds of lentils (Lens culinaris) from three different storage sources were tested for seed fungi using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Blotter technique. Thirty five different fungi were isolated, PDA method being better than Blotter technique. Seeds from traditional village storage were found to be more infested with fungi than source local market and source Nepal Agricultural Research Centre (NARC). The fungal infestation on seeds from village storage was 49.37%, source NARC was 44.37% and source local market was 30.31%. Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium chrysogenum and Fusarium oxysporum were the fungi having higher incidence and frequency. Surface disinfection by 2% NaOCl reduced the fungal incidence and frequency. The aqueous extract of three plants viz, Ageratum houstonianum, Eclipta prostrata and Vitex negundo at 25%, 50% and 100% concentration were assessed in-vitro for antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium funicola and Fusarium oxysporum. Among these fungi, Alternaria alternata was best controlled by Ageratum houstonianum; Aspergillus niger by Eclipta prostrata; Fusarium oxysporum by Vitex negundo and Ageratum houstonianum. The inhibition increased from lower concentration (25%) to higher (100%).ECOPRINT 23: 19-27, 2016

scholarly journals Fungi isolated from Stewartia pseudocamellia Max. seeds and their pathogenesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-262
Author(s):  
Halina Kurzawińska ◽  
Piotr Muras
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Typical Composition

The aim of studies was to determine typical composition of fungi occurring on seeds of <i>Stewartia pseudocamellia</i>.The studies conducted on 100 disinfected and 100 nondisinfected seeds of these plants.Isolates of <i>Alternaria alternata</i>, <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>, <i>Cylindrocarpon radicicola</i> and <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> were characterized by pathogenicity towards the investigated <i>Stewartia pseudocamellia</i>. In the laboratory experiment, 204 isolations of microorganisms were obtained that belonged to 20 species and form of fungi and bacteria. Among fungi there were both of parasite (<i>Alternaria alternata</i>, <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, <i>Fusarium</i> spp., <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>) and typical saprophytic (<i>Cladosporium</i> spp., <i>Penicillium</i> spp., <i>Aspergillus</i> spp., <i>Epicoccum</i> spp., <i>Mucor</i> spp.). The dominant fungus on seeds was <i>Alternaria alternata</i>. Among the investigated isolates only one isolate (R4) <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>, was strongly pathogenic, isolates (A1) <i>Alternaria alternata</i> were weakly pathogenic to seedlings of <i>Stewartia pseudocamellia</i>.

scholarly journals Phytopathogenic Fungal Inhibitors from Celery Seeds

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Liu ◽  
Fu-Guang Liu ◽  
Hui-Qin Xie ◽  
Qing Mu
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Light Petroleum ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Celery Seeds

Extract of celery ( Apium graveolens L.) seeds was investigated against phytopathogenic fungi. The light petroleum extract showed promising inhibition activities in the tests against Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfecum. Chromatographic separation of the extract gave 19 fractions, one of which, QCZ-4, possessed significant inhibitory rates of 64.6%, 88.4% and 54.7% at a concentration of 100 ppm against R. solani, F. oxysporium f. sp. vasinfecum and Alternaria alternata, respectively. Major components in the active fraction were identified by GC-MS as p-(2-aminoethyl)phenol (39.7%), 3-(3,4-dimethybenzoyl) propionic acid (32.6%) and p-heptylphenol (26.9%).

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