scholarly journals Effect of cover crops on the microorganisms communities in the soil under scorzonera cultivation

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 460-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Patkowska ◽  
M. Konopiński
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Antagonistic Bacteria ◽  
Thanatephorus Cucumeris ◽  
Cultivated Soil ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Positive Effect

The purpose of the studies was to determine the microorganisms communities in the soil under scorzonera cultivation with the cover crops using. The greatest total CFU of bacteria occurred in the soil from the experimental combination where oat ploughed over in spring or autumn was the cover crops. The smallest total CFU of bacteria was obtained after ploughing over the mulch of tansy phacelia. The use of oats and spring vetch had a positive effect on the population of bacteria from the genera of Bacillus and Pseudomonas. The smallest CFU of fungi was obtained from the soil where oat constituted the mulch. Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum, F. culmorum, Haematonectria haematococca and Thanatephorus cucumeris were most frequently isolated from the soil. The most isolates of the enumerated fungi were obtained from the soil cultivated in a conventional cultivation and after ploughing over the mulch of tansy phacelia plants. The most antagonistic bacteria and fungi occurred in the soil after ploughing over the mulch of oat, while the least in the conventionally cultivated soil.

scholarly journals ВПЛИВ ТЕМПЕРАТУРИ НА РІСТ МІЦЕЛІЮ ЗБУДНИКІВ ХВОРОБ СІЯНЦІВ

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
I.P. Matsiakh ◽  
V.O. Kramarets
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Phytophthora Cactorum ◽  
Thanatephorus Cucumeris ◽  
Pythium Acanthicum

В умовах лабораторного експерименту досліджено вплив температури на ріст чистих культур Alternaria alternata, Ilyonectria radicicola, Fusarium oxysporum, Thanatephorus cucumeris, Pythium acanthicum, Phytophthora cactorum, Ph. plurivora, Ph. lacustris, Ph. gonapodyides, які є збудниками хвороб сіянців у лісових розсадниках на території Бескид. Для цих патогенів встановлено діапазони температур, за яких розвивався їх міцелій, зазначено оптимальні температури, за яких розвиток відбувався найшвидше.

scholarly journals Combining crop diversification practices can benefit cereal production in temperate climates

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Rodriguez ◽  
Linda-Maria Dimitrova Mårtensson ◽  
Erik Steen Jensen ◽  
Georg Carlsson
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
N Acquisition ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Crop Sequence

AbstractDiversifying cropping systems by increasing the number of cash and cover crops in crop rotation plays an important role in improving resource use efficiency and in promoting synergy between ecosystem processes. The objective of this study was to understand how the combination of crop diversification practices influences the performance of arable crop sequences in terms of crop grain yield, crop and weed biomass, and nitrogen acquisition in a temperate climate. Two field experiments were carried out. The first was a 3-year crop sequence with cereal or grain legume as the first crops, with and without undersown forage legumes and forage legume-grass crops, followed by a cereal crop. The second experiment was a 2-year crop sequence with cereal or legume as the first crops, a legume cover crop, and a subsequent cereal crop. For the first time, crop diversification practices were combined to identify plant-plant interactions in spatial and temporal scales. The results partly confirm the positive effect of diversifying cereal-based cropping systems by including grain legumes and cover crops in the crop sequence. Legume cover crops had a positive effect on subsequent cereal grain yield in one of the experiments. Using faba beans as the first crop in the crop sequence had both a positive and no effect on crop biomass and N acquisition of the subsequent cereal. In cover crops composed of a forage legume-grass mixture, the grass biomass and N acquisition were consistently increased after the grain legume, compared to the cereal-preceding crop. However, differences in the proportion of legume to grass in mixture did not influence crop yield or N acquisition in the subsequent cereal. In conclusion, these results support that increased crop diversity across spatial and temporal scales can contribute to resource-efficient production and enhance the delivery of services, contributing to more sustainable cropping systems.

scholarly journals Qualidade sanitária e fisiológica de sementes de abóbora variedade Menina Brasileira

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derblai Casaroli ◽  
Danton C. Garcia ◽  
Marlove F. B. Muniz ◽  
Nilson L. de Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Cladosporium Cucumerinum

O trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar e correlacionar a qualidade sanitária e fisiológica de sementes de abóbora, variedade Menina Brasileira (Cucurbita moschata.). Foram avaliados dois lotes de sementes de abóbora produzidas no sistema agroecológico e quatro no sistema convencional, com e sem tratamento químico. Os lotes foram submetidos aos testes de sanidade, seguindo a metodologia do "Blotter test", com congelamento, germinação e vigor (primeira contagem, índice de velocidade de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado e emergência de plântulas). Os resultados indicaram a separação dos lotes de diferentes origens a partir da qualidade sanitária e fisiológica, onde as maiores incidências de fungos foram observadas nos lotes agroecológicos e o maior potencial fisiológico foi observado nos lotes de origem convencional não tratados. Foram encontrados os fungos Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium digitatum, Rhizopus stolonifer e Phoma terrestris. A qualidade sanitária não interferiu na qualidade fisiológica das sementes de abóbora, variedade Menina Brasileira.

scholarly journals Seleksi Bakteri Antagonis untuk Mengendalikan Layu Fusarium pada Tanaman Phalaenopsis

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ika Djatnika
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Antagonistic Bacteria ◽  
Plant Research Institute ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Bacterial Antagonists ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Selection Of

<p>ABSTRAK. Layu Fusarium merupakan penyakit penting yang menjadi kendala dalam memproduksi tanaman anggrek. Untuk mengendalikannya,  petani masih menggunakan fungsida. Tanaman anggrek kerap ditampilkan sebagai hiasan yang dekat dengan lingkungan manusia, maka penggunaan pestisida perlu diperhatikan. Oleh karena itu sangat penting dicari cara pengendalian lainnya yang aman terhadap lingkungan, antara lain dengan  pengendalian hayati. Tujuan penelitian ialah mendapatkan isolat bakteri antagonis yang dapat mengendalikan layu Fusarium pada tanaman Phalaenopsis. Percobaan dilakukan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias Segunung (1100 m dpl.) serta untuk  mikrob diisolasi dari lokasi tanaman hortikultura di Jawa Barat dan DKI Jakarta, mulai Bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember 2010. Penelitian meliputi isolasi Fusarium spp. sebagai patogen pada tanaman anggrek di beberapa lokasi, isolasi bakteri antagonis, uji kemangkusan bakteri terhadap pertumbuhan Fusarium spp. di laboratorium, dan uji kemangkusan bakteri antagonis terhadap layu Fusarium di rumah kasa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyebab layu Fusarium pada tanaman Phalaenopsis ialah Fusarium oxysporum. Dari 154 isolat bakteri yang diisolasi dari lapangan, hanya ada tiga  isolat yaitu nomor B23, B 26, dan B37 yang dapat menekan pertumbuhan F. oxysporum pada media PDA. Sampai dengan pengamatan minggu ke-10 setelah inokulasi, ketiga bakteri tersebut masing-masing menekan jumlah tanaman yang terserang layu Fusarium, yaitu sebesar 46,9; 48,9; dan 65,3%, dan masing-masing menekan intensitas penyakit layu 50,5; 43,9; dan 55,1%.</p><p>ABSTRACT. Djatnika, I 2012. Selection of Antagonistic Bacteria for Controlling of Fusarium Wilt on Phalaenopsis Plants. Fusarium wilt is an important disease as constraint on production of orchid plants. The control of Fusarium wilt of orchids with fungicides often use by farmers. Orchid plants are often displayed as a decoration which is close to the human environment, so the application of pesticides have to get attention. It is therefore necessary to find another method that is safe for environments, such as using of biological control. The purpose of the study was to get isolates of  bacterial antagonists for controlling of Fusarium wilt of Phalaenopsis plants. The experiment was conducted at Laboratory and Screenhouse of Indonesian Ornamental Plant Research Institute, Segunung (1100 m asl.) and the microbes were isolated from horticultural area in West Java and DKI Jakarta since January until December 2010. The research comprised of isolation of Fusarium spp. from orchid plants in some location, isolation of bacterial antagonists, the effectiveness of the bacteria to suppress Fusarium spp. growth in laboratory, and the effectiveness of the bacteria to control Fusarium wilt on Phalaenopsis plants in the screenhouse. The results showed that the causal Fusarium wilt of Phalaenopsis plants was identified as Fusarium oxysporum. Three of 154 isolates of bacteria, i.e. isolates number of B23, B26, and B37, could suppress of F. oxysporum growth on PDA media. Observation up to 10 weeks after inoculation, the three bacteria could reduce the number of  plants attacked by Fusarium wilt , which were 46.9; 48.9; and  65.3% respectively, and each of them suppress wilt disease intensity 50.5, 43.9, and 55.1% respectively. <br /><br /></p>

scholarly journals Influence of Microbiologically Enriched Mineral Fertilizers on Selected Groups of Microorganisms in the Rhizosphere of Strawberry Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Sas-Paszt ◽  
Urszula Smolińska ◽  
Beata Kowalska ◽  
Magdalena Szczech ◽  
Anna Lisek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Paenibacillus Polymyxa ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Purpureocillium Lilacinum ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract In recent years, the use of bio-fertilizers enriched with specially selected microorganisms has been used more and more often. The beneficial effects of bio-fertilizers enriched with consortia of microorganisms on strawberry plants have been reported previously. The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of bio-fertilizers containing selected fungal and bacterial strains on the microorganisms living in the rhizosphere of strawberry plants. In the experiments described in this paper, synthetic mineral fertilizers were enriched with selected microorganisms. The fertilizer urea was enriched with the fungi Aspergillus niger and Purpureocillium lilacinum, while the fertilizers Polifoska 6 and Super Fos Dar 40 with strains of the bacteria Bacillus sp., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Paenibacillus polymyxa. Bacteria and fungi belonging to these species can exert a positive effect on the growth of many plants. The results obtained in this study showed that the application of fertilizers enriched with microorganisms had different effects on the analyzed populations of soil microorganisms in the rhizosphere of strawberry plants. There were evidences of both, an adverse effect of the applied fertilizer and/or microorganisms, but more often, the beneficial effect was found on the abundance of the microorganisms in the rhizosphere of the strawberry. The most effective for the population of Pseudomonas bacteria was application of urea and fungi and Polifoska and bacteria. The highest number of phosphorus utilizing bacteria B was scored in the treatments containing NPK, NPK + fungi and urea 60% + fungi. The application of NPK + fungi and urea 100% + fungi as well as Super Fos Dar with bacteria was most beneficial for population of actinomycetes.

scholarly journals Plant rotation as a means of controlling wilt disease of Lupinus luteus L. on the basis of mycological investigations

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-240
Author(s):  
Wanda Truszkowska
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Cultivated Soil ◽  
Fungal Populations

Having observed in 1969 an epidemic of Fusarium</i> wilt disease of lupin, the communities of fungi occurring in a given cultivated soil were examined. In the years 1970-72, the numbers of the <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f.sp. <i>lupini</i> population were found to change, in the others under the influence of lupin having been cultivated in the following crop rotations : 1) rye, potatoes, oats or 2) rye, maize, oats. Provoking changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the fungal populations in cultivated soil by means of different cultivated plants, with the aim of altering the conditions of the pathogen, should be practised in order to protect the lupin crops against <i>Fusariuni</i> wilt disease.

Antifungal Activities of Some Indole Derivatives

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 437-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Xu ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
Wen-Bin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Indole Derivatives ◽  
Alternaria Brassicae ◽  
Antifungal Activities

Nine indole derivatives were evaluated in vitro against Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria alternata, Helminthosporium sorokinianum, Pyricularia oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumarinum, and Alternaria brassicae. Most of the compounds were found to possess antifungal activities. Especially compounds 2, 5, 8, and 9 exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activities against the above-mentioned seven phytopathogenic fungi, and showed more potent activities than hymexazole, a commercial agricultural fungicide.

Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of Some 2,6-Bis-(Un)Substituted Phenoxymethylpyridines

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 433-436
Author(s):  
Hui Xu ◽  
Huan Qu
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Alternaria Brassicae ◽  
Antifungal Activities

Several 2,6-bis-(un)substituted phenoxymethylpyridines were synthesized and evaluated in vitro against Fusarium graminearum, Helminthosporium sorokinianum, Alternaria brassicae, Alternaria alternata, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. Among all derivatives, compound 3 a exhibited a broad-spectrum antifungal activity against the five phytopathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Mating-Type Genes from Asexual Phytopathogenic Ascomycetes Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternata

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1330-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Arie ◽  
Isao Kaneko ◽  
Takanobu Yoshida ◽  
Masami Noguchi ◽  
Yoshikuni Nomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Hmg Box ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Mating Type Genes ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Flanking Regions ◽  
Mat Genes

Mating-type (MAT) loci were cloned from two asexual (mitosporic) phytopathogenic ascomycetes, Fusarium oxysporum (a pyrenomycete) and Alternaria alternata (a loculoascomycete), by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based strategy. The conserved high mobility group (HMG) box domain found in the MAT1-2-1 protein was used as a starting point for cloning and sequencing the entire MAT1-2 idiomorph plus flanking regions. Primer pairs designed to both flanking regions were used to amplify the opposite MAT1-1 idiomorph. The MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 idiomorphs were approximately 4.6 and 3.8 kb in F. oxysporum and approximately 1.9 and 2.2 kb in A. alternata, respectively. In both species, the MAT1-1 idiomorph contains at least one gene that encodes a protein with a putative alpha box domain and the MAT1-2 idiomorph contains one gene that encodes a protein with a putative HMG box domain. MAT-specific primers were used to assess the mating type of F. oxysporum and A. alternata field isolates by PCR. MAT genes from A. alternata were expressed. The A. alternata genes were confirmed to be functional in a close sexual relative, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, by heterologous expression.

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