scholarly journals Effect of A200 super absorbent polymers on corn growth and yield under Partial Root-Zone Drying Irrigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
M. Sakaki ◽  
A. Shahnazari ◽  
M. A. Gholami
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Proper Solution ◽  
Water Crisis ◽  
Super Absorbent Polymer ◽  
Volume Unit

Water crisis: One of the most important and effective solutions to cope with water crisis is optimum use of consuming water in agriculture section. In other word, increasing “agricultural water productivity” is unavoidable in future planning and decision making as an effective factor. Therefore, deficit irrigation is stated as a proper solution in water limitation aiming to maximally use water volume unit. In addition to applying irrigation management methods, using developed techniques to save soil moisture is of the effective measures to increase irrigation efficiency and achieving sustainable agriculture. One of the strategies for optimal use of water resources and its preservation is using super absorbent polymers. This study was conducted during two growth seasons and within 2014-2015 in the farm and in Sari University of agricultural sciences and natural resources on single cross 704silage maize. The treatments included three irrigation regimes (as the main plot) and three levels of super absorbent (as subplots) with three replications. Irrigation treatments included complete and partial root irrigation in two levels of 55 and 65% (PRD65, PRD55) and three levels of water super absorbent polymer of A200 type, including 20, 40 and 60kg/hectare. Based on the obtained results, the plants, were regularly irrigated during their growth period and cultivated in the conditions of 60kg/hectare of super absorbent, had the most rate of yield components but they weren’t significantly different from those plants, irrigated with 55 and 65% volume. In other word, the function of super absorbent in these treatments increased the efficiency of water use and partial irrigation in 55 and 65% volume has been able to generate an equal yield with the conditions of complete irrigation.

scholarly journals Irrigation management techniques with anaerobic baffled reactor effluent: effect on rice growth, yield and water productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. Busari ◽  
A. Senzanje ◽  
A. O. Odindo ◽  
C. A. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Anaerobic Baffled Reactor ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Irrigation Treatments

Abstract The study evaluated the effect of irrigation management techniques using anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) effluent on the growth and yield of rice. It was hypothesized that irrigation techniques with ABR effluent have a significant effect on the growth, yield of rice, water productivity (WP) and water balance (WB). The experimental setup was a randomized complete block design for 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons, three treatments each with three replications. The treatments were alternating wetting and drying (AWD), continuous flooding irrigation (CFI) and wetting without flooding (WWF). The effect of irrigation management techniques was significant (P < 0.05) for the 2017 season but insignificant (P > 0.05) in 2018 on the yield. The effect of irrigation treatments on WP was significant (P < 0.05). The effects were not significant (P > 0.05) on the plant height, leave area index (LAI) and number of tillers per plant. However, the effect was significant (P < 0.05) on the number of panicles per plant. The effects of irrigation treatments were significant (P < 0.05) on number of irrigation, amount of irrigation, total water use and daily field WB. In conclusion, the result proved the acceptability of the hypothesis. AWD irrigation with ABR effluent should be encouraged among rice farmers.

scholarly journals Water-Saving Irrigation Strategies in Potato Fields: Effects on Physiological Characteristics and Water Use in Arid Region

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Zin El-Abedin ◽  
Mohamed Mattar ◽  
Hussein Al-Ghobari ◽  
Abdulrahman Alazba
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Potato Growth

In this study, field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of two water-saving practices—partial root-zone drying (PRD) and deficit irrigation (DI)—on potato growth and yield in comparison with full irrigation (FI). The required FI amount was applied to the potato plants to enable 100% crop evapotranspiration, and the plants received 70% and 50% of the irrigation amount of FI for DI (DI70 and DI50) and PRD (PRD70 and PRD50), respectively. The physiological characteristics of the potatoes during the 2014–2015 seasons indicated that the relative chlorophyll contents were not significantly higher for the DI and PRD treatments than for the FI treatment. The DI50 had the lowest net photosynthesis rate (p < 0.05) while DI50 and PRD50 had significantly lower stomatal conductance (gs) values in both years. Meanwhile, the values of the PRD treatments were lower than those of DI treatments based on the transpiration rates. The xylem (abscisic acid) based on PRD50 had an average increase of 0.38 mol/m2 s due to decreasing gs values compared with other water-saving irrigation treatments. However, the FI and DI treatments had increased fresh tuber yields compared with the yields of PRD treatments. Furthermore, the PRD70 and PRD50 treatments significantly reduced the water productivity (WP) values by 30.16% and 41.32%, respectively, relative to that of FI.

scholarly journals Sensor-Based Irrigation Reduces Water Consumption without Compromising Yield and Postharvest Quality of Soilless Green Bean

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2485
Author(s):  
Michela Palumbo ◽  
Massimiliano D’Imperio ◽  
Vincenzo Tucci ◽  
Maria Cefola ◽  
Bernardo Pace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Crop Performance

Real-time monitoring of substrate parameters in the root-zone through dielectric sensors is considered a promising and feasible approach for precision irrigation and fertilization management of greenhouse soilless vegetable crops. This research investigates the effects of timer-based (TIMER) compared with dielectric sensor-based irrigation management with different irrigation set-points [SENSOR_0.35, SENSOR_0.30 and SENSOR_0.25, corresponding to substrate volumetric water contents (VWC) of 0.35, 0.30 and 0.25 m3 m−3, respectively] on water use, crop performance, plant growth and physiology, product quality and post-harvest parameters of soilless green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L., cv Maestrale). In SENSOR treatments, an automatic system managed irrigation in order to maintain substrate moisture constantly close to the specific irrigation set-point. The highest water amount was used in TIMER treatment, with a water saving of roughly 36%, 41% and 47% in SENSOR_0.35, SENSOR_0.30 and SENSOR_0.25, respectively. In TIMER, the leaching rate was ≈31% of the total water consumption, while little leaching (<10%) was observed in SENSOR treatments. TIMER and SENSOR_0.35 resulted in similar plant growth and yield, while irrigation set-points corresponding to lower VWC values (SENSOR_0.30 and SENSOR_0.25) resulted in inadequate water availability conditions and impaired the crop performance. The study confirms that rational sensor-based irrigation allows to save water without compromising anyhow the product quality. In SENSOR irrigation management, in fact, especially in the case of optimal water availability conditions, it was possible to obtain high quality pods, with fully satisfactory characteristics during storage at 7 °C for 15 days.

scholarly journals Water smart technologies for irrigation water management of elephant foot yam in tropical zones of India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1495-1504
Author(s):  
S. Sunitha ◽  
James George ◽  
G. Suja ◽  
A. N. Jyothi ◽  
A. Rajalekshmi
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Super Absorbent Polymer ◽  
Elephant Foot Yam ◽  
Tuber Crop ◽  
Smart Technologies ◽  
Absorbent Polymer

Abstract Water is the most crucial input in agriculture and declared to become the most scarce input in the near future, hence, judicious management of irrigation water is the need of the hour in tropical countries. In this study, a comparison of different water smart technologies, namely, porous ground cover mat, super absorbent polymer, partial root zone drying technique, bio mulching and foliar application of antitranspirant was made for enhancing water productivity in tuber crops using elephant foot yam as the test crop. Elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) is an important tropical tuber crop in India, and has attained commercial status in many states under assured irrigation. Mulching with ground cover mat and soil application of cassava starch-based super absorbent polymer recorded higher water productivity, reduced irrigation water requirement to 50% and enhanced the corm yield of elephant foot yam by 8–12% and energy use efficiency by 24–28% as compared to 100% irrigation. In the context of expected climate change and water scarcity, water smart technologies such as ground cover mats and super absorbent polymers would help in the cultivation of the tuber crop elephant foot yam with less irrigation, without adversely affecting the corm yield under humid tropical situations.

scholarly journals Efficient IoT-Based Control for a Smart Subsurface Irrigation System to Enhance Irrigation Management of Date Palm

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 3942
Author(s):  
Maged Mohammed ◽  
Khaled Riad ◽  
Nashi Alqahtani
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Water Amount

Drought is the most severe problem for agricultural production, and the intensity of this problem is increasing in most cultivated areas around the world. Hence improving water productivity is the primary purpose of sustainable agriculture. This study aimed to use cloud IoT solutions to control a modern subsurface irrigation system for improving irrigation management of date palms in arid regions. To achieve this goal, we designed, constructed, and validated the performance of a fully automated controlled subsurface irrigation system (CSIS) to monitor and control the irrigation water amount remotely. The CSIS is based on an autonomous sensors network to instantly collect the climatic parameters and volumetric soil water content in the study area. Therefore, we employed the ThingSpeak cloud platform to host sensor readings, perform algorithmic analysis, instant visualize the live data, create event-based alerts to the user, and send instructions to the IoT devices. The validation of the CSIS proved that automatically irrigating date palm trees controlled by the sensor-based irrigation scheduling (S-BIS) is more efficient than the time-based irrigation scheduling (T-BIS). The S-BIS provided the date palm with the optimum irrigation water amount at the opportune time directly in the functional root zone. Generally, the S-BIS and T-BIS of CSIS reduced the applied irrigation water amount by 64.1% and 61.2%, respectively, compared with traditional surface irrigation (TSI). The total annual amount of applied irrigation water for CSIS with S-BIS method, CSIS with T-BIS method, and TSI was 21.04, 22.76, and 58.71 m3 palm−1, respectively. The water productivity at the CSIS with S-BIS (1.783 kg m−3) and T-BIS (1.44 kg m−3) methods was significantly higher compared to the TSI (0.531 kg m−3). The CSIS with the S-BIS method kept the volumetric water content in the functional root zone next to the field capacity compared to the T-BIS method. The deigned CSIS with the S-BIS method characterized by the positive impact on the irrigation water management and enhancement on fruit yield of the date palm is quite proper for date palm irrigation in the arid regions.

scholarly journals Produtividade da água na bataticultura de Ibicoara na Chapada Diamantina, Bahia

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Murillo Anderson Gonçalves Barbosa ◽  
Vital Pedro da Silva Paz ◽  
Karoline Santos Gonçalves ◽  
Lucylia Suzart Alves ◽  
Elizana Karla Andrade Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Potato Crop ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Productivity Analysis ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Chapada Diamantina ◽  
Physical Productivity

<p>As alt</p><p>as necessidades hídricas na bataticultura, associada a elevados custos de produção, altos riscos característicos da atividade e perspectiva de retorno financeiro compensador fazem com que a irrigação seja prática indispensável para a obtenção de produtividade. Objetivou-se realizar uma análise da produtividade da água no cultivo irrigado de batata. Os dados foram levantados em áreas de cultivo comercial localizada na região da Chapada Diamantina, Bahia. Para a determinação da produtividade física da água, utilizaram-se dados de produtividade da cultura, do volume de água proveniente da precipitação adicionado ao aplicado por irrigação e da evapotranspiração da cultura nas safras 2013/2014 e 2015. A produtividade física média da água para a cultura da batata irrigada por pivô central, na região da Chapada Diamantina, BA foi de 7,22 kg m<sup>-3</sup> (safra 2013/2014) e 9,12 kg m<sup>-3</sup> (safra 2015). A produtividade econômica da água teve um incremento de produtividade da primeira para segunda safra, no entanto, ocorreram mais perdas de água na segunda do que na primeira, o que indica uma necessidade de manejo de irrigação adequado para um maior ganho econômico.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Water productivity in potato grown in Chapada Diamantina, Bahia</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>High water requirements in bataticulture (potato crop), associated with high production costs, high risks characteristic of the activity and prospect of a compensating financial return make irrigation an indispensable practice for the attainment of productivity. The objective of this study was to conduct a water productivity analysis in irrigated potato cultivation. The data was collected in areas of commercial cultivation located in the region of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia. For the determination of the physical productivity of the water, crop productivity, water volume from the precipitation added to the irrigation applied and crop evapotranspiration were used for the 2013/2014 and 2015 harvests. The average physical productivity of water for The cultivation of potato irrigated by central pivot in the Chapada Diamantina, BA region was 7.22 kg m<sup>-3</sup> (crop year 2013/2014) and 9.12 kg m<sup>-3</sup> (crop 2015). The economic productivity of water had an increase in productivity from the first to the second harvest, however, there were more water losses in the second one than in the first one, which indicates a need for adequate irrigation management for a greater economic gain.<strong> </strong></p><p><br /><strong></strong></p>

DETERMINATION OF THRESHOLD REGIME OF SOIL MOISTURE TENSION FOR SCHEDULING IRRIGATION IN TROPICAL AEROBIC RICE FOR OPTIMUM CROP AND WATER PRODUCTIVITY

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. GHOSH ◽  
O. N. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Aerobic Rice ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Maximum Water

SUMMARYAerobic rice is considered a viable agro-technology to cope with the looming crisis of water supply that threatens the sustainability of irrigated rice production systems. Rice adapted to aerobic conditions requires less water than that grown under conventional irrigation management. A field study was conducted at Cuttack, India, during the dry season (January–May) in 2005 and 2006 to determine the critical soil moisture regime at the root-zone depth (30 cm) for sustaining optimum growth and grain yield of aerobic rice variety ‘Apo’ (IR 55423-01). Irrigation at 0, 20 and 40 kPa soil moisture tension resulted in similar grain yields (4.90–5.25 t ha−1 in 2005 and 4.35–4.50 t ha−1 in 2006). The seasonal water requirement in treatments receiving irrigation at 20, 40 and 60 kPa soil moisture tensions was 28.4, 42.8 and 60.7% lower than that at 0 kPa soil moisture tension, but the yield declined significantly at 60 kPa, i.e. by 42.8% in 2005 and 36.7% in 2006. Irrigation at 40 kPa soil moisture tension ensured maximum water productivity of 0.90, 0.47 and 0.53 g grain kg−1 water with respect to evapotranspiration, irrigation plus rainfall and irrigation alone, respectively. Thus, irrigation at 40 kPa soil moisture tension may be considered critical for optimum grain yield and maximum water productivity of aerobic rice in Indian cultivation conditions.

scholarly journals Partial root-zone drying (PRD), its effects and agricultural significance: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza ◽  
Monika Toleikiene ◽  
Muhammad Ayaz ◽  
Fatemeh Hashemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Irrigation Water Use

Abstract Background Water resources are very important to agricultural crop production due to increasing demand for food, feed, and fiber. There is a growing requirement for more use of our natural resources of land, soil, and water. There is ever-increasing pressure on water resources for our extensive use in agricultural production. There needs to be innovative solutions for more efficient irrigation techniques for better development of agricultural irrigation management. Main body of the abstract This review paper shows the consequences of partial root-zone drying happening on various plant species, its advantages and disadvantages, and also the hormone production under partial root-zone drying. In this technique of irrigation, a wet-dry cycle irrigates the crop, i.e., irrigation is scheduled at a regular interval with half way root drying. Short conclusion This is a water-saving irrigation strategy used in arid and semi-arid environments for increasing irrigation water use efficiency and water productivity as compared to fully irrigated crop plants in area with limited water resources. Scientists have worked a lot with different morphological, physiological, and yield related parameters of horticultural crops with partial root-zone drying but little work with agronomic crops.

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