scholarly journals Condition of erythrocyte membranes in people with mental and behavioural disorders caused by alcohol consumption

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
O. V. Baskevich
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
The State ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Osmotic Resistance ◽  
Behavioural Disorders ◽  
Body Tissues

We studied the morphological features of the restructuring and osmotic stability of erythrocytes of 30 people with mental disorders and disorders of behavioural reactions caused by 5-7 years consumption of alcohol, the objects of the research being in a state of abstinence during the period of the investigation,. The study of quantitative composition of red blood cells and hemoglobin, as well as their ratio in people with mental and behavioural disorders developed as a result of alcohol consumption showed a decrease in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin of 42.2% and 25.1%, respectively, indicating the presence in those people of anemic hypoxia. This is closely correlated with a decrease of osmotic resistance of red blood cells to different concentrations of sodium chloride solutions, whereby the state of erythrocyte membranes deteriorates and their resistance to hemolysis decreases. Parallel to this, is a reduction in the size of red blood cells coupled with a variety of changes in their microrelief. Conformational changes of erythrocytes are closely correlated with changes in the activity of enzymes responsible for the biotransformation of xenobiotics, primarily products of lipid peroxidation. It is shown that activity of the erythrocyte antioxidant defense system is sharply reduced as a result of increase in partially oxidized products of metabolism. It was found that the state of red blood cells is a sensitive indicator of the normal course of physiological changes, biochemical and biophysical processes in the bodies of people with mental disorders and behaviour reactions developed due to consumption of alcohol.At the same time, the measurement of the osmotic resistance of red blood cells and changes in the shape of red blood cells connected with this phenomenon is an important research method for studying mechanisms of pathological processes and the action of certain drugs or biologically active substances, expands the possibilities of establishing the depth of destruction of body tissues, and also provides excellent opportunities for researchers to identify the effectiveness of treatment and prevention for people with mental disorders and behaviour reactions caused by consumption of alcohol. This article discusses prospects of studies of the level of glutathione peroxidase activity in the erythrocytes among people with mental and behavioural disorders as a marker of highly specific homeostasis in the human body in response to long-term alcohol consumption, and considers using this index as a criterion for selecting patients for different groups of physical rehabilitation and recreation according to the level of rehabilitation potential.

scholarly journals Using redox potential as a feasible marker for banked blood quality and the state of oxidative stress in stored red blood cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney C. Daniels ◽  
Hyesun Jun ◽  
Robertson D. Davenport ◽  
Maryanne M. Collinson ◽  
Kevin R. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Redox Potential ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
The State

scholarly journals Ethyl glucuronide, a marker of alcohol consumption, correlates with metabolic markers of oxidant stress but not with hemolysis in stored red blood cells from healthy blood donors

Transfusion ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1183-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo D'Alessandro ◽  
Xiaoyun Fu ◽  
Julie A. Reisz ◽  
Mars Stone ◽  
Steve Kleinman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Oxidant Stress ◽  
Ethyl Glucuronide ◽  
Metabolic Markers

scholarly journals Trypanosoma vivax Adhesion to Red Blood Cells in Experimentally Infected Sheep

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alpidio A. Boada-Sucre ◽  
Marcello Salvatore Rossi Spadafora ◽  
Lucinda M. Tavares-Marques ◽  
Héctor J. Finol ◽  
Armando Reyna-Bello
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Trypanosoma Vivax ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Frequent Observation ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Free Flagellum

Trypanosomosis, a globally occurring parasitic disease, poses as a major obstacle to livestock production in tropical and subtropical regions resulting in tangible economic losses. In Latin America including Venezuela, trypanosomosis of ruminants is mainly caused by Trypanosoma vivax. Biologically active substances produced from trypanosomes, as well as host-trypanosome cellular interactions, contribute to the pathogenesis of anemia in an infection. The aim of this study was to examine with a scanning electron microscope the cellular interactions and alterations in ovine red blood cells (RBC) experimentally infected with T. vivax. Ovine infection resulted in changes of RBC shape as well as the formation of surface holes or vesicles. A frequent observation was the adhesion to the ovine RBC by the trypanosome’s free flagellum, cell body, or attached flagellum in a process mediated by the filopodia emission from the trypanosome surface. The observed RBC alterations are caused by mechanical and biochemical damage from host-parasite interactions occurring in the bloodstream. The altered erythrocytes are prone to mononuclear phagocytic removal contributing to the hematocrit decrease during infection.

scholarly journals Changes in the morphology of erythrocytes after in vitro exposure of blood to carbon monoxide

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 669-678
Author(s):  
E. K. Kozlova ◽  
V. A. Sergunova ◽  
A. P. Kozlov ◽  
E. A. Sherstyukova ◽  
O. E. Gudkova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Erythrocyte Aggregation ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Cell Diameter

Background: One of the pathological effects of carbon monoxide (CO) on blood is the formation of carboxyhemoglobin. Carboxyhemoglobin completely blocks oxygen transfer; therefore, there is a net decrease in oxygen transport by red blood cells potentially resulting in tissue hypoxia. The effects of CO on blood can also damage cell membranes. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been recognized as effective for investigation into the mechanisms of structural damage in erythrocyte membranes. Aim: By means of AFM, to identify characteristics of changes in morphology and aggregation of erythrocytes exposed to CO in vitro.Materials and methods: All experiments were performed in vitro. We studied the morphology of erythrocytes and their aggregates with AFM. Blood sampling (150 μl) in microvettes with EDTA (Sarstedt AG & Co., Germany) was carried out during a prophylactic work-up of 5 volunteers. To obtain CO in a test tube, formic acid was mixed with sulfuric acid 1:1. Blood levels of carboxyhemoglobin were measured by spectrophotometry. A nonlinear fitting method of the experimental spectra was used to calculate the concentrations of hemoglobin derivatives in blood. Statistical analysis was done with the Origin software (OriginLab Corporation, Northampton, MA, USA).Results: After CO exposure, a shift in peaks was observed. At exposure time t₂=320 s, the percentage of carboxyhemoglobin (CHbCO) was 88±2%. As a result of blood exposure to CO, at t₁=160 s 10% of the cells differed in their shape from discocytes, whereas at t₂=320 s their proportion was 38%. With increasing duration of exposure to CO, erythrocyte aggregation occurred with formation of their large conglomerates up to 30 μm in size. In the control smear, the proportion of discocytes was 96±2%, and the remaining 4±1% of the cells had the form of echinocytes. The cell diameter (Dcont) was in the range 7.5±0.8 μm. After blood exposure to CO at t₁=160 s in the monolayer, 28±5% of cells had a diameter less than<5.7 μm. After CO exposure at t₂=320 s, the proportion of cells with a diameter of less than<5.7 μm increased to 72±11%.Conclusion: The experiments have shown that blood exposure to CO changed the morphology of erythrocytes. The formation of interconnected structures made of red blood cells was observed. With increased time of exposure, erythrocytes demonstrated aggregation with conglomerate formation.

scholarly journals Normal red blood cells’ shape stabilized by membrane’s in-plane ordering

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mesarec ◽  
W. Góźdź ◽  
A. Iglič ◽  
V. Kralj-Iglič ◽  
E. G. Virga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Extrinsic Curvature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Disorder Phase Transition ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Membrane Shape

AbstractRed blood cells (RBCs) are present in almost all vertebrates and their main function is to transport oxygen to the body tissues. RBCs’ shape plays a significant role in their functionality. In almost all mammals in normal conditions, RBCs adopt a disk-like (discocyte) shape, which optimizes their flow properties in vessels and capillaries. Experimentally measured values of the reduced volume (v) of stable discocyte shapes range in a relatively broad window between v ~ 0.58 and 0.8. However, these observations are not supported by existing theoretical membrane-shape models, which predict that discocytic RBC shape is stable only in a very narrow interval of v values, ranging between v ~ 0.59 and 0.65. In this study, we demonstrate that this interval is broadened if a membrane’s in-plane ordering is taken into account. We model RBC structures by using a hybrid Helfrich-Landau mesoscopic approach. We show that an extrinsic (deviatoric) curvature free energy term stabilizes the RBC discocyte shapes. In particular, we show on symmetry grounds that the role of extrinsic curvature is anomalously increased just below the nematic in-plane order-disorder phase transition temperature.

scholarly journals The Effects of Splenectomy on the Red Blood Cells of the Dog with Particular Emphasis on the Reticulocyte Response

Blood ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 972-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
MORTIMER LORBER
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Osmotic Resistance ◽  
Portal Circulation ◽  
Active Regeneration ◽  
Normal Inhibition

Abstract In splenectomized dogs the following observations on the erythroid elements were made: 1. There was no unusual postoperative depression of erythrocyte, hemoglobin or hematocrit values, and regeneration occurred at the same rate as in the control dogs. 2. A significant increase in the number of circulating reticulocytes was noted, which persisted for a longer duration than the associated thrombocytosis. There is a suggestion that the reticulocytes circulating during regeneration were more immature than those of the control animals. 3. Varying numbers of target cells accompanied by increased osmotic resistance were present in all the splenectomized dogs. Most also developed normoblastemia, particularly during active regeneration, which persisted thereafter in some of the animals. Howell-Jolly bodies were rare. 4. No significant bone marrow changes were noted. It is suggested that: 1. In nonsplenectomized animals, most erythrocytes released from the bone marrow in response to blood loss are mature red cells rather than reticulocytes. 2. Postsplenectomy reticulocytosis is not dependent on a fall in hematocrit and is not a reflection of hemolysis or even of increased erythropoiesis, except, perhaps, in part during regeneration from the blood loss incurred at surgery. 3. Postsplenectomy reticulocytosis and normoblastemia are unaccompanied by alterations in the myeloid-erythroid ratio of the bone marrow and are probably largely due to a diminution of the normal inhibition of erythroid release from the marrow, permitting their earlier entry into the circulation. 4. The aforementioned changes are due specifically to the removal of the spleen itself, rather than merely to the removal of splenic blood from the portal circulation.

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