scholarly journals Trypanosoma vivax Adhesion to Red Blood Cells in Experimentally Infected Sheep

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alpidio A. Boada-Sucre ◽  
Marcello Salvatore Rossi Spadafora ◽  
Lucinda M. Tavares-Marques ◽  
Héctor J. Finol ◽  
Armando Reyna-Bello

Trypanosomosis, a globally occurring parasitic disease, poses as a major obstacle to livestock production in tropical and subtropical regions resulting in tangible economic losses. In Latin America including Venezuela, trypanosomosis of ruminants is mainly caused by Trypanosoma vivax. Biologically active substances produced from trypanosomes, as well as host-trypanosome cellular interactions, contribute to the pathogenesis of anemia in an infection. The aim of this study was to examine with a scanning electron microscope the cellular interactions and alterations in ovine red blood cells (RBC) experimentally infected with T. vivax. Ovine infection resulted in changes of RBC shape as well as the formation of surface holes or vesicles. A frequent observation was the adhesion to the ovine RBC by the trypanosome’s free flagellum, cell body, or attached flagellum in a process mediated by the filopodia emission from the trypanosome surface. The observed RBC alterations are caused by mechanical and biochemical damage from host-parasite interactions occurring in the bloodstream. The altered erythrocytes are prone to mononuclear phagocytic removal contributing to the hematocrit decrease during infection.

Author(s):  
Л.Г. КАШИРИНА ◽  
С.А. ДЕНИКИН ◽  
И.В. ЩЕРБАКОВА

Проблема и цель. Целью настоящего исследования являлось изучение механизмов действия биологически активных веществ различного природного происхождения для коррекции гемопоэза у кроликов. Методология. Для достижения цели были проведены экспериментальные исследования на кроликах-самцах калифорнийской породы в возрасте 4-5 месяцев, живой массой 2370,0±120,0 г, сформированных в 3 группы (2 опытные и контрольная) по 10 голов, в условиях вивария ФГБОУ ВО Рязанского государственного агротехнологического университета. Острая постгеморрагическая анемия была искусственно смоделирована за 5 суток до экспериментальных исследований по показателям количества эритроцитов, гемоглобина, гематокритной величины, путем двукратного кровопускания 40 % объема крови. В качестве биологически активного вещества растительного происхождения был применен настой плодов Ирги обыкновенной (НПИО) и в качестве минерального – наноразмерный порошок кобальта (НРПК). Результаты. Результаты настоящего исследования показали, что оба представителя биологически активных веществ зарекомендовали себя с положительной стороны. В опытных группах под их воздействием процесс восстановления осуществлялся быстрее по сравнению с контролем. Уровень эритроцитов достигал нормативных показателей в опытной группе 1 (с применением НПИО) на 8-е сутки, в опытной группе 2 (с применением НРПК) – на 14-е сутки, а гемоглобина на 8-е и 12-е сутки, соответственно, в то время как в контроле только к 18-м суткам. Заключение. В результате исследования было установлено, что наилучшим образом зарекомендовал себя наноразмерный порошок кобальта, механизм действия которого объясняется малым размером частиц, влияющих на увеличение мембранной проницаемости и усиление процесса усвоения кобальта за счет энергии, образующейся при разрушении оксидной оболочки, окружающей частицу порошка. В отличие от настоя плодов Ирги обыкновенной, который вводился в рационы ежедневно, наноразмерный порошок кобальта уже при повторном введении в организм кроликов способствовал достижению уровня нормативных показателей. Problem and aim. The aim was to study the mechanisms of action of biologically active substances of various natural origin for the correction of hematopoiesis in rabbits. Methodology. To achieve this aim, experimental studies were conducted on male rabbits of the California breed at the age of 4-5 months, with a live weight of 2370.0±120.0 g, formed in 3 groups of 10 heads, in the vivarium of the Ryazan State Agrotechnological University. Acute post-hemorrhagic anemia was artifcially modeled, 5 days before the experimental studies, according to the indicators of the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit value, by double bloodletting 40 % of the blood volume. As a biologically active substance of plant origin was usedan infusion of shadberry (IS), and as a mineral - nanoscale cobalt powder (NCP). Results. The results of this study showed that both representatives of biologically active substances have proven themselves on the positive side. In the Experimental Groups, under their infuence, the recovery process was carried out faster than in the Control Group. The level of red blood cells reached the standard indicators in the Experimental group 1 (IS) on day 8, in the Experimental Group 2 (NCP) on day 14, and hemoglobin on day 8 and 12, respectively, while in the Control only by day 18. Conclusion. In the result of the study it was found that the best way has established itself nanosized powder cobalt, whose mechanism is due to a small particle size, afect the increase in membrane permeability and increased absorption of cobalt due to the energy generated during the fracture of the oxide shell surrounding the particle of the powder. In contrast to the infusion of the infusion of shadberry, which was introduced into the diets daily, nanoscale cobalt powder already when re-introduced into the body of rabbits contributed to achieving the level of regulatory indicators.


Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3191
Author(s):  
Otavio Luiz Fidelis Junior ◽  
Paulo Henrique Sampaio ◽  
Luiz Ricardo Gonçalves ◽  
Rosangela Zacarias Machado ◽  
Marcos Rogério André ◽  
...  

Trypanosoma vivax outbreaks have been reported with increasing frequency worldwide, causing significant economic losses in livestock. Though several studies have suggested that cytokine responses may influence infection caused by Trypanosoma sp., their exact role remains unclear and may vary according to the animal species and parasite strain. The present study aimed to evaluate cytokine expression of peripheral blood cells from three Girolando dairy cows experimentally infected with T. vivax. For this purpose, blood samples were collected prior to the inoculation on the day of inoculation (D0), the day after inoculation (D1), and then every seven days up to 119 days after infection (DAI). Each animal presented a unique pattern of cytokine expression. While a tendency of a Th1 cytokine response was observed during the patent phase (presence of circulating parasites), an increase of Th2 cytokine expression was found at the beginning of the sub-patent phase (low parasitaemia or aparasitaemic periods). In animals that presented a better control of parasitaemia, IL-6 and IFNγ increased during most of the trial period. On the other hand, the cow that presented reduction of IL-1β, IL-2, and TNFα during the entire period did not control parasitaemia properly. A balance between the Th1 and Th2 profile is beneficial for parasite control and animal health. The results found in the present study are a first step towards elucidating the dynamics of cattle’s inflammatory response against T. vivax, requiring future studies focusing on the role of key cytokines on the controlling of parasitaemia in different stages of bovine trypanosomosis.


2016 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 45-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Mata-Cantero ◽  
Mikel Azkargorta ◽  
Fabienne Aillet ◽  
Wendy Xolalpa ◽  
Maria J. LaFuente ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
O. V. Baskevich

We studied the morphological features of the restructuring and osmotic stability of erythrocytes of 30 people with mental disorders and disorders of behavioural reactions caused by 5-7 years consumption of alcohol, the objects of the research being in a state of abstinence during the period of the investigation,. The study of quantitative composition of red blood cells and hemoglobin, as well as their ratio in people with mental and behavioural disorders developed as a result of alcohol consumption showed a decrease in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin of 42.2% and 25.1%, respectively, indicating the presence in those people of anemic hypoxia. This is closely correlated with a decrease of osmotic resistance of red blood cells to different concentrations of sodium chloride solutions, whereby the state of erythrocyte membranes deteriorates and their resistance to hemolysis decreases. Parallel to this, is a reduction in the size of red blood cells coupled with a variety of changes in their microrelief. Conformational changes of erythrocytes are closely correlated with changes in the activity of enzymes responsible for the biotransformation of xenobiotics, primarily products of lipid peroxidation. It is shown that activity of the erythrocyte antioxidant defense system is sharply reduced as a result of increase in partially oxidized products of metabolism. It was found that the state of red blood cells is a sensitive indicator of the normal course of physiological changes, biochemical and biophysical processes in the bodies of people with mental disorders and behaviour reactions developed due to consumption of alcohol.At the same time, the measurement of the osmotic resistance of red blood cells and changes in the shape of red blood cells connected with this phenomenon is an important research method for studying mechanisms of pathological processes and the action of certain drugs or biologically active substances, expands the possibilities of establishing the depth of destruction of body tissues, and also provides excellent opportunities for researchers to identify the effectiveness of treatment and prevention for people with mental disorders and behaviour reactions caused by consumption of alcohol. This article discusses prospects of studies of the level of glutathione peroxidase activity in the erythrocytes among people with mental and behavioural disorders as a marker of highly specific homeostasis in the human body in response to long-term alcohol consumption, and considers using this index as a criterion for selecting patients for different groups of physical rehabilitation and recreation according to the level of rehabilitation potential.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1393-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Sook Jang ◽  
Yoon-Kyoung Cho ◽  
Steve Granick

Methods are described to prepare biologically-active unilamellar vesicles from red blood cells. Whereas glucose enters the GUV causing fluorescence intensity to increase, mediated by the action of the membrane protein GLUT1, control experiments confirm that this fails to be observed in the presence of the blocking agent cytochalasin B.


1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 444-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Roy Baker ◽  
Zou Dao Loh

Red blood cells were isolated from rat blood and incubated in the presence of [3H]arachidonate. A sizeable quantity (18%) of the radioactivity was incorporated into red cell lipids, of which phosphatidylcholine was the most highly labelled. Radioactive arachidonate was found at position 2 of this phospholipid. Free fatty acids were removed by washing the cells in solutions containing fatty-acid-free bovine serum albumin. The labelled red cells were then incubated for up to 16 h at 37 °C. After 16 h of incubation in saline–buffer–glucose or rat serum, 20 and 26%, respectively, of the total radioactivity was found in free fatty acids, and there were corresponding declines in the percentage radioactivities found in phosphatidylcholine. In the presence of serum, there was a more rapid release of radioactive fatty acid over the 2- to 16-h time course. There was not a significant drop in the phosphate levels of the total red cell phospholipids or phosphatidylcholine after 16 h of incubation and, as a result, there were large declines in the specific radioactivities of phosphatidylcholine. Diacylglycerols were not highly labelled and the action of phospholipase A2 on labelled phosphatidylcholine was indicated. When white blood cells were added to labelled red cells, there was little evidence of white cell involvement in the release of radioactive fatty acid, suggesting that the red cells themselves may be involved in arachidonate release. Red cells may serve as sources of arachidonate, released following hemorrhage in brain and metabolized to form various biologically active eicosanoids.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. e00098
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Tereshkina ◽  
M.A. Sanzhakov ◽  
L.V. Kostryukova ◽  
E.I. Korotkevich ◽  
A.A. Chistov ◽  
...  

The conditions for the preparation of a drug formulations based on the lipid derivative of sarcolysin embedded in phospholipid nanoparticles have been optimized. The drug is an ultra-thin emulsion with a light transmittance above 80% and a particle size of not more than 50 nm. It should be noted that 99% of the lipid derivative of sarcolysin are incorporated into phospholipid nanoparticles. Preservation of aggregation stability in the aquatic environment was observed for at least 2 days. In vitro experiments have shown that sarcolysin, introduced as a part of phospholipid nanoparticles, is distributed among lipoproteins and protein components of plasma. Moreover, the content of sarcolysin in all fractions involved in the transport of biologically active substances in the body, is significantly higher in case of prodrug administration (lipid derivative of sarcolysin) in the composition of phospholipid nanoparticles than, as compared with administration of a free form (pharmacological substances) to the incubation medium. The transformation of a prodrug into the drug sarcolysin occurs in the blood cells.


1969 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 1161-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward P. Cohen ◽  
Jaroslav Majer ◽  
Karen Friedman

The rate of synthesis of RNA in the thymus glands of adult mice increased after immunization with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The specific activity of some fractions of RNA, separated first by density gradient centrifugation and then by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was 16-fold higher on day 3 after immunization than control mice not injected. RNA synthesis in the thymus was inhibited by rabbit anti-mouse thymus serum, injected along with antigen. A material was found in RNA extracts from the thymus glands of mice immunized with SRBC which converted a small proportion of either spleen cells or peritoneal cells from nonimmunized mice to form sheep cell hemolysins. Neither extracts from the glands of nonimmunized mice nor the livers of immunized mice were active. Extracts from the thymus glands of mice immunized with rabbit red blood cells (RRBC) were inactive and activity was destroyed by ribonudease. The residual antigen content was not determined. Biologically active extracts from the thymus had a different electrophoretic mobility from active extracts from the spleen.


1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Augsten ◽  
J. Güttner

By means of a new parameter “t” characterizing the time course of osmotic haemolysis registered spectrophotometrically it has been described more comprehensively the membrane stabilizing effect of biological active substances. Extent and time course of osmotic haemolysis can be varied after the influence of any stabilizing drugs in different patterns. Both substances, IMET 3393 (γ-[1-methyl-5-bis- (β-chloraethyl) -amino-benzimidazol- (2)] -butyric acid · HCl) and IMET 3164 (β- [1-phenyl-5-bis- (β-chloraethyl) -amino-benzimidazolyl- (2)] -DL-alanine), respectively, i.p. applicated have increased the osmotic resistance and have delayed also the haemolysis of red blood cells in mice. The method was proved in vitro by chlorpromazine. This agent, however, has alterated only the resistance of erythrocytes but the parameter “t” was not influenced.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document