Cancer in Adolescents

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Jordan W. Finkelstein
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rates

Cancer is the fourth leading cause of death in the adolescent age group, preceded only by accidents, homicide, and suicide. Table 1 lists by age, sex, and race cancer incidence rates (per million) for a three-year period (1969-1971) reported by the National Cancer Institute. Table 2 lists the most commonly involved sites. There are significant differences between the younger and the older age groups. With the advent of improved treatment, survival rates have increased. Table 3 lists the survival rates for the most common forms of cancer and includes all children under 15 years of age. Although survival rates are increasing, the majority of children with cancer still die. Table 4 lists cancer mortality rates for adolescents. The issues involved in diagnosis, treatment, survival, and death present problems for all of those who care for the adolescent with cancer—the patient himself or herself, family and friends, the physician, and other health care professionals. The objectives of this article are: to increase awareness of the types of problems commonly encountered in caring for adolescents with cancer and to describe some of the ways of dealing with these problems. The problems are by no means clear-cut, and the suggested methods of dealing with them must be individualized to meet the needs of all involved.

scholarly journals Trends in Incidence and Mortality of Primary Liver Cancer in Lithuania 1998–2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1191
Author(s):  
Audrius Dulskas ◽  
Povilas Kavaliauskas ◽  
Kestutis Zagminas ◽  
Ligita Jancoriene ◽  
Giedre Smailyte
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Primary Liver Cancer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rates

Background: Recently, reports have suggested that rates of liver cancer have increased during the last decades in developed countries; increasing hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma rates were reported. The aim of this study was to examine time trends in incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer for the period of 1998–2015 in Lithuania by sex, age, and histology. Methods: We examined the incidence of liver cancer from 1998 to 2015 using data from the Lithuanian Cancer Registry. Age-standardized incidence rates were calculated by sex, age, and histology. Trends were analyzed using the Joinpoint Regression Program to estimate the annual percent change. Results: A total of 3086 primary liver cancer cases were diagnosed, and 2923 patients died from liver cancer. The total number of liver cancer cases changed from 132 in 1998 to 239 in 2015. Liver cancer incidence rates changed during the study period from 5.02/100,000 in 1998 to 10.54/100,000 in 2015 in men and from 2.43/100,000 in 1998 to 6.25/100,000 in 2015 in women. Annual percentage changes (APCs) in the age-standardized rates over this period were 4.5% for incidence and 3.6% for mortality. Hepatocellular cancer incidence rates were stable from 1998 to 2005 (APC −5.9, p = 0.1) and later increased by 6.7% per year (p < 0.001). Intrahepatic ductal carcinoma incidence increased by 8.9% per year throughout the study period. The rise in incidence was observed in all age groups; however, in age groups < 50 and between 70 and 79 years, observed changes were not statistically significant. For mortality, the significant point of trend change was detected in 2001, where after stable mortality, rates started to increase by 2.4% per year. Conclusions: Primary liver cancer incidence and mortality increased in both sexes in Lithuania. The rise om incidence was observed in both sexes and main histology groups. The increasing incidence trend may be related to the prevalence of main risk factors (alcohol consumption, hepatitis B and C infections. and diabetes).

scholarly journals Hysterectomy-Corrected Uterine Corpus Cancer Incidence Trends and Differences in Relative Survival Reveal Racial Disparities and Rising Rates of Nonendometrioid Cancers

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (22) ◽  
pp. 1895-1908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan A. Clarke ◽  
Susan S. Devesa ◽  
Summer V. Harvey ◽  
Nicolas Wentzensen
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Endometrioid Carcinoma ◽  
Histologic Subtype ◽  
Uterine Corpus ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rates

PURPOSE Uterine corpus cancer incidence rates have been projected to increase, a prediction often attributed to the obesity epidemic. However, correct estimation of these rates requires accounting for hysterectomy prevalence, which varies by race, ethnicity, and region. Here, we evaluated recent trends in hysterectomy-corrected rates by race and ethnicity and histologic subtype and estimated differences in relative survival by race and ethnicity, subtype, and stage. METHODS We estimated hysterectomy prevalence from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Hysterectomy-corrected age-standardized uterine corpus cancer incidence rates from 2000 to 2015 were calculated from the SEER 18 registries. Incidence rates and trends were estimated separately by race and ethnicity, region, and histologic subtype. Five-year relative survival rates were estimated by race and ethnicity, histologic subtype, and stage. RESULTS Hysterectomy-corrected incidence rates of uterine corpus cancer were similar among non-Hispanic whites and blacks and lower among Hispanics and Asians/Pacific Islanders. Endometrioid carcinoma rates were highest in non-Hispanic whites, whereas nonendometrioid carcinoma and sarcoma rates were highest in non-Hispanic blacks. Hysterectomy-corrected uterine corpus cancer incidence increased among non-Hispanic whites from 2003 to 2015 and among non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and Asians/Pacific Islanders from 2000 to 2015. Overall incidence rates among non-Hispanic blacks surpassed those of non-Hispanic whites in 2007. Endometrioid carcinoma rates rose among non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and Asians/Pacific Islanders but were stable among non-Hispanic whites; however, nonendometrioid carcinoma rates rose significantly among all women. Non-Hispanic blacks had the lowest survival rates, irrespective of stage at diagnosis or histologic subtype. CONCLUSION Among all women, rates of nonendometrioid subtypes have been rising rapidly. Our analysis shows profound racial differences and disparities indicated by higher rates of nonendometrioid subtypes and poorer survival among non-Hispanic black women.

scholarly journals Disparities in the Increases of Cervical Cancer Incidence Rates: Observations from a City-wide Population-based Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Li ◽  
Huan Xu ◽  
Suixiang Wang ◽  
Pengzhe Qin ◽  
Boheng Liang
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cohort Effects ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cervical Cancer Incidence ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Urban Regions ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rates

Abstract Background: Globally cervical cancer incidence rate has been declining continuously. However, an unfavorable trend has been observed in China during the past decades, and the underlying reasons remain unclear. We hereby explore the recent trends of cervical cancer incidence, as well as the underlying determinants using data from Guangzhou, one of biggest cities in China. Methods：City-wide cancer registration data were obtained from the Guangzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control from 2004 to 2018. We used the Joinpoint regression models to estimate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of age-standardized and age-specific incidence rates by regions and by histological subtype. Age-period-cohort models were applied to analyze the period and birth cohort effects on the time trends. Results: The age-standardized rates (ASRs) of cervical cancer incidence increased at an annual rate of 2.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0%-3.2%] during 2004-2018. The largest increase in ASRs was found for rural regions, with AAPC of 6.6% [95% CI: 3.7%-9.5%], followed by the suburbs (2.2% [95% CI: 1.0%-3.4%]), while there was no statistically significant increase in urban regions. The ASRs of adenocarcinoma increased faster than those of the squamous cell carcinoma (AAPC=6.53% [95% CI: 5.0%-8.1%] versus 1.79% [95% CI: 0.8%-2.8%]). A downward trend in urban regions was found in the 20-49 age group, whereas an upward trend was found in the 50+ age group, especially in rural regions. An inverted V-shape was found for cohort effects, with the peak varied by regions, i.e., peaked in the 1966 and 1971 birth cohort in the urban and suburb regions, respectively. Period effects kept increasing during the study period. Conclusions: We systematically examine the disparities in the increases of cervical cancer incidence rates using city-wide data from Guangzhou. Extensive efforts are warranted to address the large urban-rural disparities in cervical cancer prevention. The combined strategies of vaccination, screening, and health education should be reinforced and locally customized.

scholarly journals Thyroid Cancer Incidence in New Jersey: Time Trend, Birth Cohort and Socioeconomic Status Analysis (1979–2006)

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Roche ◽  
Xiaoling Niu ◽  
Karen S. Pawlish ◽  
Kevin A. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rates

The study's purpose was to investigate thyroid cancer incidence time trends, birth cohort effects, and association with socioeconomic status (SES) in New Jersey (NJ), a high incidence state, using NJ State Cancer Registry data. Thyroid cancer incidence rates in each sex, nearly all age groups, two major histologies and all stages significantly increased between 1979 and 2006. For each sex, age-specific incidence rates began greatly increasing in the 1924 birth cohort and, generally, the highest thyroid cancer incidence rate for each five-year age group occurred in the latest birth cohort and diagnosis period. Thyroid cancer incidence rates were significantly higher in NJ Census tracts with higher SES and in counties with a higher percentage of insured residents. These results support further investigation into the relationship between rising thyroid cancer incidence and increasing population exposure to medical (including diagnostic) radiation, as well as widespread use of more sensitive diagnostic techniques.

scholarly journals Age-Specific Cancer Incidence Rates Increase Through the Oldest Age Groups

2014 ◽  
Vol 348 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jigisha P. Thakkar ◽  
John L. Villano ◽  
Bridget J. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rates

scholarly journals Brain cancer incidence rates and the presence of nuclear reactors in US states: a hypothesis-generating study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Williamson ◽  
Marilyn G. Klug ◽  
Gary G. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Research Reactors ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rates

Abstract Background The etiology of brain cancer is poorly understood. The only confirmed environmental risk factor is exposure to ionizing radiation. Because nuclear reactors emit ionizing radiation, we examined brain cancer incidence rates in the USA in relation to the presence of nuclear reactors per state. Methods Data on brain cancer incidence rates per state for Whites by sex for three age groups (all ages, 50 and older, and under 50) were obtained from cancer registries. The location, number, and type of nuclear reactor, i.e., power or research reactor, was obtained from public sources. We examined the association between these variables using multivariate linear regression and ANOVA. Results Brain cancer incidence rates were not associated with the number of nuclear power reactors. Conversely, incidence rates per state increased with the number of nuclear research reactors. This was significant for both sexes combined and for males in the ‘all ages’ category (β = 0.08, p = 0.0319 and β = 0.12, p = 0.0277, respectively), and for both sexes combined in the’50 and older’ category (β = 0.18, p = 0.0163). Brain cancer incidence rates for counties with research reactors were significantly higher than the corresponding rates for their states overall (p = 0.0140). These findings were not explicable by known confounders. Conclusions Brain cancer incidence rates are positively associated with the number of nuclear research reactors per state. These findings merit further exploration and suggest new opportunities for research in brain cancer epidemiology.

Vitamin D has a greater impact on cancer mortality rates than on cancer incidence rates

BMJ ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 348 (apr29 13) ◽  
pp. g2862-g2862 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Grant ◽  
C. F. Garland
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rates

scholarly journals A Retrospective Study on Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring in A Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adiba Nousheen ◽  
Asra Asra ◽  
Hasnat Fatima ◽  
Nashra Nizami ◽  
Sarah Noureen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Drug Reactions

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major concern in clinical practice. Reporting of ADRs either through health care professionals or the patients themselves is of utmost importance to give an accurate estimate of the prevalence, severity and preventability of ADRs. Present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of adverse drug reactions in a tertiary care hospital in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. This was a retrospective observational study, extending over 3 months (December 2020 to February 2021). A total of 41 cases comprising patients of either sex or age group were studied. The data was collected using CDSCO ADR reporting form. A total of 41 ADRs were reported during the three months period of study. During the study period a total of 41 ADR reports were received from various departments of the hospital. We observed 25 ADRs in females and 16 ADRs in males from our study. Among the age groups, 3 ADRs in age group 0 – 19 Yrs., 28 ADRs were seen in age group 20 – 59 Yrs., and 10 ADRs were seen in age group >60 Yrs. Maximum number of ADRs came from General Medicine department 17 (41.46%). Drug therapy 41 (100%) and diseases 19 (46.34%) were the most prominent predisposing factors of ADRs seen in our hospital. Causality assessment of suspected drugs was assessed using Naranjo scale. According to Naranjo scale most of the reported ADRs were found to be probable 23 (56.9%) followed by possible 16 (39.02%) and definite 2 (4.8%). The severities of the reactions were done using Hart Wig Scale. Majority of the reactions were mild 25 (60.97%). Withdrawal of the drug 5 (12.19%) was the main line of the management of the adverse drug reactions in the present study. Majority of serious ADRs were preventable in our study. ADRs are a major cause of morbidity worldwide. Frequency of ADRs can be reduced by careful follow up and a robust hospital-based pharmacovigilance setup. A measure to improve detection and reporting of adverse drug reactions by all health care professi

Trends in colorectal cancer incidence in India.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e16084-e16084
Author(s):  
Vinay Mathew Thomas ◽  
Basil Baby ◽  
Kevin Wang ◽  
Feitong Lei ◽  
Quan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Incidence

e16084 Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for 10% of global cancer deaths yearly. It is postulated that the incidence rates are rising in developing countries like India. We present a comprehensive overview of colorectal cancer incidence in India from various regions from 2004 to 2014. Methods: We obtained data on CRC incidence from the Population Based Cancer Registries (PBCR) of the National Cancer Registry Program. We calculated age-standardized incidence rates (to WHO World Standard Population 2000) for five-year age groups for period of diagnosis (2004-05, 2006-08, 2009-11, and 2012-14). Results: From 2004 to 2014, CRC incidence rates in India increased by 20%. During 2004-2005, the incidence rate of CRC was 5.8 per 100,000 persons. It increased to 6.9 during 2012-2014. Conclusions: CRC rates are rising in India. Even though the absolute rates are low in the Indian population, the rising rates pose a problem in rising cancer morbidity in India. The rising rates can be attributed to changing lifestyles that include consumption of calorie-rich and low fibre diet, excessive use of red meat and processed foods, and physical inactivity. There is a need for cost-effective strategies to enable early diagnosis for colorectal cancer in India. Affordable and equitable treatment will help increase the 5-year survival rates of colorectal cancers. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals The relationship between urologic cancer outcomes and national Human Development Index: trend from 2012 to 2018

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Hua Mu ◽  
Yan-rou Jiang ◽  
Shi-geng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cancer Outcomes ◽  
Net Survival ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Urologic Cancer

Abstract Objectives To describe the influence of the socioeconomic development on worldwide age-standardized incidence and mortality rates, as well as mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) and 5-year net survival of urologic cancer patients from 2012 to 2018. Methods The HDI values were obtained from the United Nations Development Programme, data on age-standardized incidence/mortality rates of prostate, bladder and kidney cancer were retrieved from the GLOBOCAN database, 5-year net survival was provided by the CONCORD-3 program. We then evaluated the association between incidence/MIR/survival and HDI, with a focus on geographic variability as well as temporal patterns during the last 6 years. Results Urologic cancer incidence rates were positively correlated with HDIs, and MIRs were negatively correlated with HDIs. Prostate cancer survival also correlated positively with HDIs, solidly confirming the interrelation among cancer indicators and socioeconomic factors. Most countries experienced incidence decline over the most recent 6 years, and a substantial reduction in MIR was observed. Survival rates of prostate cancer have simultaneously improved. Conclusion Development has a prominent influence on urologic cancer outcomes. HDI values are significantly correlated with cancer incidence, MIR and survival rates. HDI values have risen along with increased incidence and improved outcomes of urologic caner in recent years.

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