scholarly journals Le dictionnaire: d'un ouvrage de partage à un objet personnel et personnalisé

Verbum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hélène Manuelian
Keyword(s):  
Full Article ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Reference Book ◽  
Mots Clés ◽  
Nouvelles Technologies ◽  
Search Modes ◽  
Article Abstract ◽  
Research Tools

[full article, abstract in French; abstract in English] Au début des années 2000, avec l’informatisation, seuls les modes de recherche dans les dictionnaires avaient évolué. A cette période, on se réjouissait de pouvoir faire facilement des recherches thématiques dans les dictionnaires, grâce notamment à des outils de recherche « plein texte ». Parallèlement, on s’inquiétait de la fiabilité des dictionnaires « collaboratifs », conçus grâce aux technologies du wiki et dans lesquels les utilisateurs pouvaient faire des modifications. Aujourd’hui, de nouveaux dictionnaires apparaissent : des dictionnaires que l’on peut fabriquer soi-même, à l’aide d’outils simples d’utilisation, et qui permettent à chacun de personnaliser son dictionnaire. L’article montrera que la personnalisation des dictionnaires change de façon radicale notre rapport au savoir (nous construisons nous-même notre ouvrage de référence), notre rapport à l’expert (serions-nous tous des lexicographes ?) et notre rapport même à l’utilisation du dictionnaire, puisqu’il devient un outil personnel et non plus un outil de partage. Mots-clés: lexicographie, dictionnaires, wiki, nouvelles technologies. Dictionaries: from information-sharing tools to highly customized objects In the early 2000s, only search modes in dictionaries had evolved. In this period, it was challenging to be able to make easily thematic researches in dictionaries, due to “full text” research tools. At the same time, we were questioning about the reliability of the "collaborative" dictionaries, designed thanks to the technologies of the wiki and in which the users could make modifications. Today, new dictionaries appear: dictionaries made by the user himself, for himself, by means of easy to use tools, and which allow every user to make his dictionary. The article will show that the customization of dictionaries changes in a radical way our relation to the knowledge (we build ourselves our reference book), our relation to the expert (would we be all lexicographers?) and our way of using the dictionary, because it becomes a personal tool and it is no more a way of sharing a language.

scholarly journals On the Difference between the Two Barbaras

Problemos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 90-101
Author(s):  
Živilė Pabijutaitė
Keyword(s):  
Full Article ◽  
Major Premise ◽  
English Only ◽  
Modal Operators ◽  
De Dicto ◽  
Modal Syllogistic ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Article Abstract

[full article, abstract in English; only abstract in Lithuanian] The paper deals with the problem of the “two Barbaras” in the Aristotelian modal syllogistic. The problem consists in Aristotle’s differing views on two at a first sight similar in nature syllogisms of mixed assertoric (X) and necessary (L) premises: Barbara LXL and Barbara XLL. The fact that Aristotle believed the first syllogism to be valid and the second one – not, has been received either 1) negatively, because both Barbaras have been held to be invalid, or 2) negatively, because both Barbaras have been held to be valid, or 3) positively, by giving a reason why the two Barbaras differ. We commit ourselves to the position (3) by proving that modal propositions for Aristotle have their modalities de dicto and that Aristotelian modal operators act according to their own separate rules where only the type of the modality of a major premise is relevant for the modal status of the conclusion.

scholarly journals Normativity of Scientific Laws (I): Two Kinds of Normativity

Problemos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Ave Mets
Keyword(s):  
Full Article ◽  
Research Project ◽  
English Only ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Scientific Laws ◽  
Implicit Normativity ◽  
Article Abstract

[full article, abstract in English; only abstract in Lithuanian] This article presents the results of a broader research project which aims to argue for the normativity of scientific laws. Usually scientific laws are regarded as descriptive, which contrasts them to prescriptive norms. To show their normativity, I utilize the logical account of explicitly normative systems by Carlos Alchourrón and Eugenio Bulygin (1971). I identify the characteristic elements of normativity and analyse accounts of implicit normativity in science using those terms to show the affinities of explicit and implicit normativities. The research project continues with the substantiation of the normativity of scientific laws in detail and the results will be presented in Normativity of Scientific Laws (II) (Mets 2018).

scholarly journals The Philosophical Mea Culpa of the Icons of the Death of the Author

Problemos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Nysret Krasniqi
Keyword(s):  
Full Article ◽  
English Abstract ◽  
Literary Canon ◽  
Literary Identity ◽  
Death Of The Author ◽  
Article Abstract ◽  
Literary Legacy

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] We will hereinafter discuss the author’s philosophy on gnoseological and historical premises. More precisely, by exploring the genealogy of the idea of the “Death of the Author” from modernism to postmodernism, we will analyse the concepts and ideologies that have become the stratagem of the denial of western literary canon, as well as the denial of equilibrium between philosophical and literary identity and universality. By treating the works of philosophers, authors, and fundamental semiologists who perpetuated the idea of the Death of the Author, we will observe how the latter gradually fled from the philosophy of doubt and as mea culpa admitted that without the author’s authority the philosophical and literary legacy is no longer the theatre of memory, but the abyss of oblivion. Moreover, with fundamental examples, we will observe the influence of this philosophy in the process of studying of the literature.  

scholarly journals Motor Third Party Liability after CJEU Interpretation of the Directive 103/2009/EC in Vnuk Judgment

Teisė ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 130-144
Author(s):  
Olga Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Full Article ◽  
Third Party ◽  
English Abstract ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Motor Insurance ◽  
Article Abstract

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] The aim of this article is to assess the consequences of the interpretation of the terms ‘vehicle’ and ‘use of a vehicle’ in the light of the case of Damijan Vnuk v Zavarovalnica Trigalev (C-162/13) the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in accordance with the objectives set out in the Motor Insurance Directive.

scholarly journals Enforcement of Mediated Settlement Agreements

Teisė ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 205-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miglė Žukauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Full Article ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
English Abstract ◽  
Settlement Agreements ◽  
Enforcement Mechanisms ◽  
Article Abstract ◽  
The Eu

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] Upon the recent finalization of the Singapore Mediation Convention, a comparative analysis is conducted in the article between the newly prepared instrument and two other international enforcement mechanisms of mediated agreements offered by the EU Mediation Directive and SIAC-SIMC Arb-Med-Arb protocol, both currently in force.

scholarly journals Reform of Civil Justice in Ukraine: A Differentiation of Action Proceedings and Review of Court Decisions

Teisė ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 234-245
Author(s):  
Iryna Izarova
Keyword(s):  
Full Article ◽  
English Abstract ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Civil Justice ◽  
General Review ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Court Of First Instance ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Article Abstract

[full article, abstract in English, abstract in Russian] During the reform of 2014–2017 Ukrainian legislation was approved significantly, among them the Constitution, laws, related to judiciary and litigation, enforcement as well. The advocacy reform is last. This has led to the evolutionary renewal of justice in Ukraine, which was positively faced by the international community. This article proposes to consider some components of civil justice reform, which were substantially updated, as well as to analyse their compliance with international and European standards. This refers to (1) a general review of judicial statistics and (2) new approaches to the trial of a court of first instance – order, simplified, general proceedings, criteria for demarcation of civil cases (3), and (4) peculiarities of settling a dispute with the participation of a judge. The conclusions summarize the most progressive results of reforms, as well as make suggestions on further development of the potential of civil justice.

scholarly journals Electronic Monitoring in Europe – a Panacea for Reforming Criminal Sanctions Systems? A Critical Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 58-77
Author(s):  
Frieder Dünkel
Keyword(s):  
Full Article ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Electronic Monitoring ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Article Abstract

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] First experiments with electronic monitoring emerged in Europe in the early 1990s. Within 15 years, the majority of countries in Europe reported having introduced electronic monitoring at least as pilot projects. The amazing dynamic rise of electronic monitoring in Europe may be explained by the commercial interests that become evident when looking at the activities of private companies selling the technique. Although electronic monitoring seems to have expanded in many countries, one has to realize its marginal role within the European sanctions systems compared to other sentencing or release options. On average, only about 3% of all probationary supervised persons were under electronic monitoring at the end of 2013. This article deals with questions regarding the impact of electronic monitoring on prison population rates and reduced reoffending, with net-widening effects and costs, essential rehabilitative support, human rights-based perspectives and the general (non)sense of electronic monitoring.

scholarly journals Taxation of Gratuitous Acquisition of the Ownership of Tangible Property and Property Rights in Polish and Lithuanian Tax Legislation Selected Problems

Teisė ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 218-233
Author(s):  
Stefan Babiarz
Keyword(s):  
Full Article ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Family Conflicts ◽  
Inheritance Tax ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
Article Abstract

[full article, abstract in English] The comparison of the inheritance tax legislation in Poland and Lithuania shows clearly that inheritance tax is a simple tax, with no special legal or financial complexity. Therefore, there are no serious issues concerning the assessment and/or payment of the tax. The assessment process and the amounts of the tax are taxpayer-friendly. It is worth noting solutions such as a 30% reduction in the taxable amount, no deduction of debt and charges, no complicated procedure for determining the taxable amount, respecting the double taxation avoidance principle, or the fact that no tax liability in respect of inheritance tax may re-arise.The case is not the same with the Polish Gift and Inheritance Tax Act. The only advantage of the Polish law, as compared to the Lithuanian law, is that the scope of taxable property is broader and, therefore, the higher, personal income tax would not apply to many types of the taxable property.The author expects this paper to be the first is a series of papers introducing Polish taxpayers, tax authorities and legislative bodies to legal solutions relating to the taxation of gratuitous acquisition of tangible property and property rights in other European countries. The Polish Gift and Inheritance Tax Act is a highly complicated piece of legislation. Its complexity causes tax disputes and does not encourage good relations between taxpayers and tax authorities. What is more, it is often the source of family conflicts.

scholarly journals The Pessimistic Induction and the Golden Rule

Problemos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 70-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungbae Park
Keyword(s):  
Full Article ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Golden Rule ◽  
Pessimistic Induction ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
English Only ◽  
Article Abstract ◽  
Scientific Antirealism

[full article, abstract in English; only abstract in Lithuanian] Nickles advocates scientific antirealism by appealing to the illusion hypothesis, the pessimistic induction over scientific theories, Darwin’s evolutionary theory, and the problem of underdetermination. I object that both the illusion hypothesis and evolutionary theory clash with the pessimistic induction and with the problem of underdetermination. I also argue that Nickles’s positive philosophical theories are subject to Park’s pessimistic induction over antirealists. Finally, I apply the Golden Rule to antirealists, viz., if antirealists do not want scientists to run the pessimistic induction over antirealists, antirealists ought not to run the pessimistic induction over scientific theories.

De la tablette numérique au robot compagnon : nouvelles médiations thérapeutiques dans la prise en charge des enfants « TSA »

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-71
Author(s):  
Olivier Duris
Keyword(s):  
Nous Avons ◽  
Prise En Charge ◽  
Mots Clés ◽  
Nouvelles Technologies ◽  
Professionnels De Santé

Les nouvelles technologies sont aujourd’hui reconnues comme des outils novateurs très intéressants pour accompagner le clinicien dans la prise en charge thérapeutique des enfants autistes. Ce constat est fait depuis de nombreuses années, déjà, à propos des outils numériques, et notamment des jeux vidéo et des tablettes tactiles. Toutefois, l’intérêt de certains chercheurs ou professionnels de santé se porte également aujourd’hui vers les robots sociaux, qu’ils soient humanoïdes ou animaloïdes, en tant qu’outils de médiation thérapeutique. Partant de ce constat, nous avons mis en place, depuis 2014, différents ateliers à médiation numérique et robotique dans notre Hôpital de Jour pour enfants (André Boulloche, association CEREP-Phymentin). À travers le cas de Nathan, autiste de 9 ans ayant suivi, pendant un an, une thérapie à médiation numérique puis, l’année suivante, une thérapie à médiation robotique, nous tenterons de montrer en quoi ces prises en charge thérapeutiques ont permis à cet enfant de mettre en place différentes stratégies lui permettant d’entrer en relation avec son thérapeute, puis avec les autres sujets présents autour de lui. Mots clés

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document