scholarly journals NIHILIZMAS IR NAUJIEJI REALIZMAI

Problemos ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Rita Šerpytytė
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
New Realism ◽  
Specific Interpretation ◽  
Postmodern Philosophy ◽  
The Relationship

Straipsnyje svarstomas šiuolaikinėje filosofijoje atsinaujinęs ginčas „apie tikrovę / realybę“. Šis ginčas pristatomas analizuojant vieno ryškiausių jo iniciatorių – vadinamojo naujojo realizmo atstovo Maurizio Ferrario poziciją. Ferrario „realistinio“ palinkimo ištakos atpažįstamos iš Nietzsche’s frazės „Nėra faktų, tiktai interpretacijos“ savito traktavimo. Straipsnyje atskleidžiama, kad su šios frazės permąstymu Ferraris’o filosofijoje sietina ir modernybės / postmoderno kritika, ir naujojo realizmo pozicijoje išryškėjanti realybės samprata. Parodomas naujojo realizmo perspektyvoje atsiskleidžiantis modernybės / postmoderno santykis, svarstomas postmodernistinis tikrovės / realybės praradimas, kurį fiksuoja tikrovės „virgoletizacija“. Keliamas klausimas, ką reiškia realybę „imti į kabutes“. Tačiau sykiu aptariant Ferrario mokytojo ir oponento Vattimo poziciją, klausiama – „kam reikalinga, kam tarnauja tiesa be kabučių?“ Vattimo ontologinės hermeneutikos persektyvoje iškylanti interpretacinė realybės/tikrovės samprata straipsnyje parodoma kaip alternatyva Ferrario naujojo realizmo požiūriui. Kita vertus, atskleidžiamas Ferrario realybės sampratos giminingumas Kanto ir Fichte’s kritiko Jacobi realistinėms sveiko proto nuostatoms bei jos santykis su nihilizmu.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: realybė, interpretacija, postmodernizmas, ėmimas į kabutes, nihilizmas.   Nihilism and the New RealismsRita ŠerpytytėSummaryThe article deals with the controversy ‘concerning reality’ – an ongoing and constantly updated discussion in the contemporary philosophy. The analysis stems from the premises proposed by Maurizio Ferraris – one of the most prominent initiators and representatives of the so-called ‘new realism’. The roots of Maurizio Ferraris’s inclination to ‘realism’ can be recognized in his specific interpretation of Nietzsche’s phrase “There are no facts, only interpretations”. The article reveals that there is a link between this revised phrase and Ferraris’s criticism of modern and postmodern philosophy as well as the concept of reality represented by ‘new realism’. The relationship between modernism and postmodernism, the postFerraris, modern ‘loss’ of reality, expressed as a ‘virgolettazione della realtà’ (i.e. putting the reality into commas) is discussed from the perspective of new realism. The question is what do these commas mean for reality? Or one could ask together with Gianni Vattimo: “Who would need the truth without commas, and whom would this truth serve?” In fact, Vattimo’s ontological hermeneutic and the concept of reality intertwined with interpretation appears as an alternative to Ferraris’s position. Finally, the article discloses the affinity of Ferraris’s concept with the Jacobi’s commonsense take on reality and its relation to nihilism.Key words: reality, interpretation, postmodernism, putting into commas, nihilism.

The New Realism and a National Literature

PMLA ◽  
1941 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1116-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin T. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Leaves Of Grass ◽  
National Unity ◽  
New Realism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Post War ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

By the middle of the nineteenth century the controversy over the possibility and desirability of a national American literature had diminished to a somewhat feeble reiteration of old pros and cons. Moreover, Whitman's vigorous renewal of the demand for a distinctly national literature in his 1855 Preface to Leaves of Grass went virtually unnoticed by reason of his own obscurity and the disruption of national unity by sectional disputes. In the upsurge of nationalistic optimism following the Civil War, however, in the promises afforded by a strong and humanitarian Union, the sentiment for a literature distinct through its expression of the new national idealism was both widespread and ardent. But this post-war literary nationalism was short-lived. Before the skeptical attacks of many literary critics and the rising materialism of the Gilded Age, hope for a national literature once more gave way to indifference or despair. If the controversy was to be revived, some new literary stimulus, some new mode or approach toward the achievement of an American literature would have to be forthcoming. Such a stimulus was provided in the rise of realism. The conflict between the new realism and the old romanticism in the 1870's and 1880's is a well-known chapter in the history of American criticism, but the relationship of this new realism to the production of a national literature as it was viewed in the two decades before Whitman's death has not received adequate attention.

scholarly journals Britain and Europe at a Crossroads. The Politics of Anxiety and Transformation, by Andrew Ryder (Bristol University Press, 2020)

2021 ◽  
pp. 197-199
Author(s):  
Peter Futo
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
The Political ◽  
Specific Interpretation ◽  
Coherent Book ◽  
Economic Profile ◽  
Micro Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

This is an interesting and coherent book which offers a specific interpretation of Brexit by examining the political discourse and investigating its linguistic and rhetoric context. The author applies the method of critical discourse analysis, which links the micro analysis of speech acts (speeches, public statements, political adverts, and interviews) with a macro approach that critically assesses the relationship between speech acts and the historical and socio-economic profile of Britain. The Brexit debate is used as a case study to demonstrate that power is embodied in discourse and knowledge, and that sophisticated verbal constructs are capable of manipulating a range of dispositions, emotions, and identities to the extreme.

scholarly journals Relationship Between the Aldosterone-to-Renin Ratio and Blood Pressure in Young Adults: A Longitudinal Study

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yang ◽  
Stella May Gwini ◽  
Lawrence J. Beilin ◽  
Markus Schlaich ◽  
Michael Stowasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone Concentration ◽  
Specific Interpretation ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Aldosterone To Renin Ratio ◽  
The Relationship

Hypertension tracks throughout childhood into adulthood. Elevated aldosterone in the setting of low renin predicts incident hypertension in normotensive adults, but the relationship is unclear in adolescents and young adults. To explore this relationship, we analyzed data from the offsprings (Gen2) of women enrolled during pregnancy into the Raine Study (population-based birth cohort), who had blood pressure (BP) measurements and blood samples at age 17 years (N=871) and age 27 years (N=758). At 17 years, females had similar median aldosterone levels (349 versus 346 pmol/L) but significantly lower direct renin concentration (20.6 versus 25.7 mU/L) and thus a higher aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR; 18.3 versus 13.5) compared with males. However, females had lower systolic BP (109 versus 118 mm Hg) versus males. A significant association between ARR and systolic BP was detected in 17 years males when adjusted for alcohol consumption, physical activity, and body mass index. This was true whether the ARR was expressed as a continuous variable (β-coefficient 0.1, P =0.009) or categorical variable (highest versus lowest quartile, β-coefficient 3.15, P =0.003). No such correlation was observed in females at 17 years. However, the ARR at 17 years was significantly associated with both systolic (β-coefficient 0.15, P =0.009) and diastolic BP (β-coefficient 0.14, P =0.003) at 27 years among females, but not males. The sexually dimorphic relationship between the ARR and BP in 17 and 27 years participants suggests that the ARR, calculated from the plasma aldosterone concentration and direct renin concentration, could be a useful tool for BP prediction and assessment in young people, but require sex-specific interpretation.

scholarly journals A dogmatic presentation of four fundamental concepts of Badiou's philosophical project

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Peter Klepec
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Philosophy Today ◽  
Philosophical Project ◽  
The Relationship

The text is rather a dogmatic presentation of four fundamental concepts of Badiou's philosophy - being, event, truth, subject - it presents their inner link and their inner consistently, outlines the specificity and originality of Badiou's project in relation to contemporary philosophy, shows the consequences of Badiou's insistence on the possibility of philosophy today, outlines the relationship between philosophy and its conditions (four generic procedures: mathem, poem, political invention, love), the relationship between these truths and the Truth, and, finally, outlines some consequences of this position regarding the desire of philosophy.

Transactionism

Media in Mind ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 19-48
Author(s):  
Daniel Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Contemporary Media ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Film And Video

This chapter proposes a theoretical approach to media use that treats media and their users’ minds as continuous with one another. It calls this approach “transactionism.” It shows how the philosophy of John Dewey is relevant to the study of contemporary media. The chapter shows how Dewey’s ideas can clarify historical problems from throughout the history of media studies. It uses examples from video games and films to illustrate the utility of transactionism in thinking about individual media and in thinking about relationships among media. It shows how contemporary philosophy of mind extends concepts from Dewey’s philosophy. This clarifies the relationship between Dewey’s ideas and the film and video game examples that the chapter presents.

The Cybernetic Matrix of `French Theory'

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 27-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Lafontaine
Keyword(s):  
Jacques Lacan ◽  
Information Feedback ◽  
New Science ◽  
Informational Model ◽  
Philosophical Movement ◽  
Roman Jakobson ◽  
Postmodern Philosophy ◽  
French Theory ◽  
The Relationship

This article aims to draw a portrait of the influence of cybernetics on soft science. To this end, structuralism, post-structuralism and postmodern philosophy will be successively analyzed in a perspective based on importing concepts stemming from the cybernetic paradigm (information, feedback, entropy, complexity, etc.). By focusing more specifically on the American postwar context, we intend to remind the audience that many soft science specialists were involved in the elaboration of this ‘new science’. We will then retrace the influence of the cybernetic paradigm on structuralism. Starting with the historic meeting between Roman Jakobson and Claude Lévi-Strauss, we will illustrate that structural phonology is directly inspired by discoveries stemming from the informational model. In the same perspective, the conceptual borrowings of psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan from cybernetics will be identified and analyzed. Then, we will address the matter of the relationship between postmodern theories and the cybernetic paradigm. The philosophical movement towards deconstruction, as well as Deleuze and Guattari’s philosophy, will be analyzed based on how they relate to this paradigm. We will also insist on the fact that the philosophy of Jean- François Lyotard’s La Condition postmoderne is fully in line with the epistemological revolution launched by cybernetics.

The Relationship–specific Interpretation Bias Mediates the Link between Neuroticism and Satisfaction in Couples

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Finn ◽  
Kristin Mitte ◽  
Franz J. Neyer
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
Dyadic Analysis ◽  
Couple Functioning ◽  
Specific Interpretation ◽  
The Relationship

Neuroticism has repeatedly been shown to be a predictor of relationship dissatisfaction in couples. The aim of the current research was to uncover the underlying cognitive processes of this robust effect. We focused on anxiety as one aspect of neuroticism that is associated with different kinds of cognitive biases. On the basis of the assumption that biased information processing will also affect specific interpersonal contexts such as romantic relationships, it was expected that the tendency to interpret ambiguous partner and relationship scenarios in a rather negative way would work as a potential mediator. In Study 1, parallel forms of a new measure to capture the relationship–specific interpretation bias (RIB) were developed (N = 182). In Study 2, the proposed meditational role of the RIB was investigated in a dyadic sample of 210 couples. Dyadic analysis using the Actor–Partner Interdependence Mediation Model showed mediation of the interpretation bias even when the general interpretation bias and attachment styles were controlled. Results support the assumption that biased relationship–specific interpretations are one important mechanism for how neuroticism exerts its negative influence on relationship satisfaction. We conclude that personality–congruent cognitive processing may not only have individual consequences but also affect overall couple functioning. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Fictionalism and the problem of universals in the philosophy of mathematics

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-428
Author(s):  
Strahinja Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Philosophy Of Mathematics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Ontological Status ◽  
Hartry Field ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Relationship

Many long-standing problems pertaining to contemporary philosophy of mathematics can be traced back to different approaches in determining the nature of mathematical entities which have been dominated by the debate between realists and nominalists. Through this discussion conceptualism is represented as a middle solution. However, it seems that until the 20th century there was no third position that would not necessitate any reliance on one of the two points of view. Fictionalism, on the other hand, observes mathematical entities in a radically different way. This is reflected in the claim that the concepts being used in mathematics are nothing but a product of human fiction. This paper discusses the relationship between fictionalism and two traditional viewpoints within the discussion which attempts to successfully determine the ontological status of universals. One of the main points, demonstrated with concrete examples, is that fictionalism cannot be classified as a nominalist position (despite contrary claims of authors such as Hartry Field). Since fictionalism is observed as an independent viewpoint, it is necessary to examine its range as well as the sustainability of the implications of opinions stated by their advocates.

scholarly journals On the road to Emmaus: Evangelism in postmodern age

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
Ekaterina B. Khitruk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Christian Theology ◽  
Christian Doctrine ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
True Nature ◽  
The Road ◽  
History Of ◽  
Postmodern Philosophy ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Biblical Scholar ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the problem of comparing the basic premises of the philosophy of postmodernism and religious worldview, in particular, the Christian doctrine. The heuristic potential of the concept of “kenosis” is revealed in the works of the Italian philosopher Gianni Vattimo as applied to the interpretation of the history of philosophy simultaneously in the context of Christian doctrine and philosophy of postmodernism. In the context of the Christian doctrine, kenosis means “exhaustion” of God as His voluntary descent into the world through incarnation and death on the cross for the salvation of people. This is a specifically Christian thesis closely related to the unique tenets of Christian theology, anthropology, and soteriology. Vattimo considers it possible to use the concept of kenosis as a basis for understanding the relationship between Christianity and postmodernity, since it is in the perspective of Divine “exhaustion” that the true nature of the evangelism is revealed, which cannot be reduced to an ontotheological metanarrative. The article also proposes the concept of a historical interpretation of the Gospel in the works of the modern British biblical scholar Nicholas Thomas Wright as one of the possible strategies for explicating the “intersection points” between postmodern philosophy and Christian theology. It is concluded that the assertion about the antagonism and incompatibility of postmodernism and Christianity is superficial and this issue requires a more careful and comprehensive study.

Behavioral Characteristics and Instructional Patterns of Selected Music Teachers

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Hendel
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Music Teachers ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Sequential Patterns ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Specific Interpretation ◽  
Complementary Nature ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to (a) identify factors that contribute to effective music teaching; (b) examine the relationship of teacher-defined traits, which emerge qualitatively, to operationally defined characteristics of effective instruction resulting from quantitative research; and (c) explore the complementary nature of qualitative and quantitative methods. Nine experienced, elementary specialists from three regions of the country were observed, taped, and interviewed; student interviews and instructional documents supplemented the data. Qualitative evaluation and quantitative measures were used for analysis. Although operational definitions were modified for elementary teachers, results revealed instructional patterns that supported previous research in teacher magnitude and sequential patterns of instruction. Analysis of sequential patterns resulted in categorical expansion of complete/incomplete patterns. Qualitative evaluation revealed personal values relative to teaching. Combined analyses disclosed high-intensity behaviors and permitted more specific interpretation. Findings may be useful for teacher training and evaluation among experienced specialists.

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