scholarly journals Auditorijos sampratos paradigmų kaita

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 93-112
Author(s):  
Daiva Siudikienė
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Audience Studies ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Media

Evoliucionuojant medijoms požiūriai į auditorijas nuolat kito. Auditorijos kaip kolektyvinės medijų pranešimų gavėjos savo esme yra itin dinamiškos ir kintančios struktūros. Kiekviena naujai atsirandanti medija darė įtaką auditorijų kaitos procesams ir skatino mokslininkus iš naujo įvertinti auditorijas formuojančius veiksnius bei persvarstyti jų sampratos aktualumą.Straipsnyje nagrinėjama, kaip kito auditorijų samprata per visą studijų laikotarpį, ir klausiama, kokios auditorijos koncepcijos gyvuoja šiandien, kai iškyla medijų auditorijos, veikiančios daugiakanalėje daugialypės terpės erdvėje.Reikšminiai žodžiai: publikos, minia, masės, auditorijos, masinė auditorija, naujosios medijos, konvergencija, medijų naudotojai, medijų auditorijos.Shifts of the audience’s paradigmsDaiva SiudikienėSummaryThis paper reveals the main theoretical approaches which influence the construction and shifts of the audience’s paradigms. The audience studies developed eventually under the influence of contradictory theoretical perspectives. It was stated that the significant processes had started long before the academic discipline formation, but intellectual discussions on the reflections of the massification processes were significant for developing the theoretical background for further audience studies. Contemplations on such concepts as public, crowd, mass, mass society, mass audience are closely related to the traditions of political theory, social philosophy and cultural history of the late 19th and the 20th centuries. Development of the communication sciences measures more than one hundred years, but the audience as an equivalent participator of the communication process had been recognized only at the end of the 20th century. For a long time, the audiences had been approached as unqualified and unable to evaluate the media production properly. Therefore, the conception of audience as the market dominated throught a couple of decades and formed the research traditions of the audience as a quantitatively measured object. The extent remains the most significant indicator in this research area, but the audience studies have generated much more concepts. Side by side with the citizens audience, there emerged the notions of the interpretive communities and lifestyle audiences. The recognition of the fact that the audience members differ in their socio-cultural and national characteristics, knowledge, experience in the use of media and other aspects, clarification of this notion remain a complicated matter. The most important facet should be the point that the individuals realize their role differently as an audience, but all together they are in the process of creating the cognitive schemes and the collective ideals as a certain united community. The rise of the new media has generated unprecedented processes in the post-modern societies and new notions applied for media users. It was stated that, despite the media explosion and the audience fragmentation, this term remains relevant. The new media environment is recasting the notion of audience for covering a wide range and multifaceted activities of media users. Therefore, the new roles of media users are under consideration. According to the author of this paper, as the most meaningful concepts should be recognized those that indicate the creative potential of the audience.

Perspectives on Populism and the Media

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Media Policy ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Relationship

This volume assembles a wide range of perspectives on populism and the media, bringing together various disciplinary and theoretical approaches, authors and examples from different continents and a wide range of topical issues. The chapters discuss the contexts of populist communication, communication by populist actors, different types of populist messages (populist communication in traditional and new media, populist criticism of the media, populist discourses related to different topics, etc.), the effects and consequences of populist communication, populist media policy and anti-populist discourses. The contributions synthesise existing research on this subject, propose new approaches to it or present new findings on the relationship between populism and the media. With contibutions by Caroline Avila, Eleonora Benecchi, Florin Büchel, Donatella Campus, María Esperanza Casullo, Nicoleta Corbu, Ann Crigler, Benjamin De Cleen, Sven Engesser, Nicole Ernst, Frank Esser, Nayla Fawzi, Jana Goyvaerts, André Haller, Kristoffer Holt, Christina Holtz-Bacha, Marion Just, Philip Kitzberger, Magdalena Klingler, Benjamin Krämer, Katharina Lobinger, Philipp Müller, Elena Negrea-Busuioc, Carsten Reinemann, Christian Schemer, Anne Schulz, Christian Schwarzenegger, Torgeir Uberg Nærland, Rebecca Venema, Anna Wagner, Martin Wettstein, Werner Wirth, Dominique Stefanie Wirz

scholarly journals Towards A Supranational Media Theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (34) ◽  
pp. 119-139
Author(s):  
Fatih ARTUN ◽  
Sevki ISIKLI
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
New Order ◽  
Social Experiment ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Media

Satellite systems and the Internet have created a significant alternative that undermines the traditional reporting approach and triggered the search for a new order in mass communication. Instant and interactive data transfer systems have transformed local users into global readers and reporters encouraging a trend of democratization relative to freedom of thought and expression. Content providers and distributors in the traditional news industry which is televisions, magazines, radios, newspapers, online platforms, have a wide range of freedom to reach people. Consumers who use interactive mass communication systems have opportunities to interact with the content that is produced in many different centers. However, in the presence of the media defined as a mechanism that manufactures the consent of people for certain ideas, no matter if they are traditional or novel, people sometimes take the position of a buyer or an activist who takes action for a project and sometimes a part of a group of insusceptible people. People think their consent is their freewill without noticing that it is just a product. They feel a sense of gratitude to the ruling elites without noticing that they are the subjects of a social experiment and under the hypnotic influence of the media. Even though the world societies are getting the same content using the same communication technologies thanks to supranational media companies. Particularly because of content created to convey a message, social differences become more explicit and radical rather than the values in common. That’s why conflicts are incited. At the heart of the majority of new media organization debates, the existence of this problematic information lies. This article, which has been prepared with an analytical approach based on a literature review, discusses the theoretical conditions and the possibility of a new supranational media structure that world citizens need as a source of information. The philosophical basis of the supranational media ideal in question is at the heart of cosmopolitan individuals and eternal peace ideals of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The present media are unable to produce content that doesn’t try to convey a message as it positions individuals as “consumers or user” rather than “people”. Here, supranational media depicting theoretical conditions doesn’t seek profit. It introduces individuals and cultures with their diverse social layers in the consciousness of being a cosmopolitan. Supranational media’s output is based on notions like science, rights and freedoms, the earth, coexistence, and "humanity”.

scholarly journals The Language of Power in the Present-Day Digital Media Discourse and Its Effect on Young People’s Consciousness

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-116
Author(s):  
Alla Guslyakova ◽  
Nina Guslyakova ◽  
Nailya Valeeva ◽  
Irina Vashunina ◽  
Maria Rudneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
New Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Net Generation ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
The Media ◽  
English Speaking

This study focuses on the notion of power as a way of conceptualisation, representation and functioning in the Russian and English-speaking media discourse and its role in the life of the younger generation of the third millennium. Power and its language have always remained an actual research question of interdisciplinary scientific analysis. However, studying young people’s linguistic and paralinguistic perception of power in the era of digitalisation becomes extremely important due to an empowering role young adults have started playing in modern society employing new media and their discursive communication there. The study regards the theoretical background of the phenomenon of power, based on A. Gramsci’s hegemonic approach. The authors of the research suggest that the media discourse is a hegemonic form of power that maintains its position through the elaboration of a particular worldview, which makes a significant impact on young individuals, the so-called net-generation. The study relies on free-associative and graphic experiments to analyse and perceive “power” concept and its influence on young individuals’ consciousness. Results indicate that both Russian and English-speaking media discourse represents “power” through the prism of anthroponyms as well as toponyms. Besides, the findings of the free-associative experiment, conducted among young adults, demonstrated the dominance of the lexical units belonging to the same grammatical class of words as the stimulus word “power”. Furthermore, a graphic experiment revealed young people’s emotional evaluations of power in media discourse communication. As such, the results suggest that “power” is a natural, complex and multifaceted linguacultural and social phenomenon realised through a variety of linguistic and paralinguistic means, and it produces a dualistic effect on young people’s consciousness through their interaction in the media discourse space.

scholarly journals Communicative Strategies of an Interviewer Yury Dud: A Linguist’s View of the Media Phenomenon in Mass Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 263-277
Author(s):  
O. S. Issers
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Communicative Behavior ◽  
Mass Audience ◽  
Social Communications ◽  
Communicative Strategies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Show Business ◽  
The Media ◽  
Modern Mass

Purpose. The article examines the methods of building dialogue in interviews conducted by the popular video blogger and journalist Yury Dud, who is named the main hero of Russian cultural life in 2020 by Forbes Life. To determine his individual style, the author analyzes strategies of communicative behavior. The following parameters are the most significant for the description of interviewing strategies: thematic repertoire and thematic dominants of the conversation; methods of requesting/extracting information; methods of interpreting and evaluating what the interlocutor said; the choice of language code. The empirical basis of the study contains interviews by Yu. Dud with various interlocutors – journalists, TV presenters, cultural and show business figures, politicians, and other public figures, uploaded on the YouTube video hosting service in the period of 2017–2020. The analysis of more than 40 programs allows observing a wide range of techniques of a journalist, depending on the “addressee factor”.Results. The key topics that are regularly discussed in interviews are identified, including those that violate ethical taboos (about sex, bad behavior, and bad habits, judgments and hot takes on colleagues and senior officials, etc.). The thematic repertoire is considered as a deliberate communicative choice of a journalist, conditioned by the dramaturgy of public dialogue addressed to a mass audience and the tasks of portrayal.The author reveals the distinctive methods of requesting information and eliciting facts, which is inherent to the journalistic style of Yu. Dud: illocutionary forcing reasoning (“why-questions”), clarifying questions, reformulating, role modeling of relations with a guest, where the journalist often pretends being dilettante. Interpretation and evaluation of the interlocutor's statements are based on the clearest identification of their position for the mass addressee by an explication of ideas expressed by the guest implicitly, “delegation of opinion”, and the effects of “insight”.The choice of the language code indicates the “discursive adaptation” of the journalist to his interlocutor and allows the journalist to reveal to the mass audience their personality, including their speech characteristics. The dynamism of the dialogue is due to the setting to dramatize the conversation scenario: this is manifested not only in the choice of somewhat unexpected topics of conversation, but also in the expression of one's attitude to the statements of the interlocutor, explicit/implicit assessments, and the choice of the speech code.Conclusion. It is concluded that Dud’s interviews are a vivid example of the trends of modern Internet journalism, and the communicative strategies he implements allow us to see the prospects for the development of the genre. Given the popularity of the genre in traditional and new media, the author notices that the interview not only reflects the features of social communications of the 21st century but is also a powerful factor of shaping modern mass culture.

scholarly journals Media culture in modern society

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Samir Ljajić
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Complex Spectrum ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Global Culture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Television Film ◽  
The Media

The importance of media culture in contemporary society is extremely large because it shapes a modern man life, the creation of political attitudes and social behavior of individuals. The products of media culture, paintings, sounds and performances are increasingly organizing free time of a contemporary man, shaping his thinking and identity. Based on the content of radio, television, film, and new media technologies, a person creates an image of himself, his own potentials, values, success, as well as his own affiliation, a certain class, race, nationality, and thus media culture has a remarkable social significance. A number of relevant authors state that media culture shapes people's perceptions of the world, the value system, morality, good and evil. Worldwide, the contents of the media culture today constitute a general culture and are seen as the basis for new forms of global culture. A complex spectrum of actions that make media, primarily radio television, film, and media of modern technologies, creates the need for a more precise definition of the term media culture, bearing in mind its breadth and complexity. In this context, the main goal of this paper is to define the concept of media culture, in order to better understand all aspects, as well as the complexity of the whole that this term implies. Media culture is determined by the terms which provide an insight into a better understanding of this term, and in this paper they are given considerable attention. D. Kelner in the Media Culture section points to the following important determinants: a wide range of media resources that form an integral part of the media culture; performances created by the combination of picture and sound; creation of features and symbols of contemporary social life; media culture as a high technology culture (techno-culture); the relation between media culture and society; theory of media and cultures.

scholarly journals VIRTUAL IDENTITY IN THE MEDIA DISCOURSE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahida M. Imanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Virtual Communication ◽  
Virtual Identity ◽  
The Media

The article deals with the virtual identity in the media discourse. It states that there must be information for communication to take place, including virtual communication. The object of research is text-generating language tools in Internet linguistics, and the subject is to determine their participation and role in the formation of the text. The realization of virtual communication is carried out in written and oral form of the language. Any language units such as sentences, texts, discourses (written and oral), non-linguistic units (such as graphemes, grapheme combinations, prosodic means, such as syllable stress, intonation, pause, etc.) can be considered a virtual information carrier. Virtual communication participants must use one of these tools in order to have two-way communication in the communication process. It is important to pay attention to the meaning and content of the communication. For virtual communication there must be a text that is formed for a specific purpose. Until recently, in linguistics, an independent and separate sentence was accepted as the last unit of the syntactic level in terms of hierarchical relations. In our opinion, these shortcomings, which exist at the syntactic level, gives a special impetus to the emergence of such a field as textual linguistics. In the modern world of the Internet, at a time when man-made technology is beginning to open the way to all areas of our lives, it is not surprising that a new field of linguistics � Internet linguistics � is developing very rapidly. The language of the Internet is constantly on the move; it is observed and operates in different types of communication. In the 21st century, the study of the Internet language from a systemic and structural point of view is observed. At present, linguists are focusing on the analysis of different expressions of the new media discourse in the various virtual worlds observed in the process of communication. The formation of an anthropocentric scientific paradigm in linguistics leads to the intensification of linguistic trends related to communication problems. It is noteworthy to note that when approaching communication in a semiotic plan, its consideration as an action carried out with the direct participation of linguo-semiotic means is one of the factors that led to the expansion of discourse. The virtual world is a shining example of the transition observed in the modern Internet world (explicit and implicit) on the basis of communication. The Internet is the most remarkable tool created by living things. Its impact on society and the world is undeniable. In this regard, the formation of Internet linguistics should not be considered a coincidence. Internet linguistics plays an important role in studying the influence of the Internet on language, develops under its own name in modern linguistics and forms the means of communication in different languages.

Ecocinema

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiu-wai Chu
Keyword(s):  
Human Mind ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Pedagogical Practices ◽  
Film Criticism ◽  
Audience Studies ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Political Dimensions

This article introduces recent English scholarship in the expanding field of ecocinema studies. Often seen as a sub-branch of ecocriticism, ecocinema studies (also referred to as “green film criticism,” “eco-film criticism,” or “eco-cinemacriticism”) started to develop only slightly over the past decade or so. All books and articles cited have been published after the mid-1990s, thus revealing the field’s short history and fast expansion. This article is organized in three broad sections. The first five sections focus on the theory and practice of ecocinema studies. General Anthologies introduces edited volumes dedicated to a wide range of thematic issues and theoretical approaches in ecocinema studies. Theorizing Ecocinema: Ethics, Aesthetics, and Politics introduces film scholarship that contribute to define, conceptualize, and define “ecocinema” from ethical, aesthetic, and political dimensions. Eco-Genres: Documentary, Animation, Sci-Fi, and Horror highlights several genres that are often discussed in ecocritical scholarship. As ecocinema studies are, to a large extent, a study of the interplay among film, ecology, and the human mind, books that focus on human’s affective, cognitive, and emotive responses to ecocinema are also a major aspect in the field’s theorization, as reflected in Affect, Cognition, Emotions. Reading Beyond the Text: From Theory to Practice goes beyond a textual analysis of films and puts ecological and environmental ideologies into practice by incorporating writings on the ecological footprint of film, environmental film festivals, and audience studies, as well as pedagogical practices in ecocinema. The next sections introduce works that center around five major themes in ecocinema studies. The Environment: Landscapes and Seascapes and Wildlife, Animal Justice, and Human–Animal Relationships discuss humans’ relationships with the nonhuman world—namely, the (natural and urban) environments—and the nonhuman creatures such as animals and wildlife. The sections on Food Studies; Weather, Climate Change, and Eco-Disasters; and Pollution, Waste, and Toxicity center on those issues, highlighting the urgency of the worsening environmental issues in the contemporary world. The final sections are structured according to geopolitical territories. In addition to books and articles on Hollywood and American Independent Cinema and European Cinemas, recent scholarly works that focus on Asian and the Global Indigenous Cinemas, particularly films from the Global South, have also been introduced. Despite the hope for this entry to be as comprehensive as possible, film scholarship has not been included from neglected countries and regions that are beyond Western and East Asian contexts, such as the relatively under-discussed scholarship from Australasia, Africa, Antarctica, and other parts of the world, because of the limited availability and accessibility of works on these countries.

scholarly journals Infrastructure studies meet platform studies in the age of Google and Facebook

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Christophe Plantin ◽  
Carl Lagoze ◽  
Paul N Edwards ◽  
Christian Sandvig
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Digital Systems ◽  
Use Case ◽  
The Public ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Media ◽  
Digital Objects ◽  
Infrastructure Studies

Two theoretical approaches have recently emerged to characterize new digital objects of study in the media landscape: infrastructure studies and platform studies. Despite their separate origins and different features, we demonstrate in this article how the cross-articulation of these two perspectives improves our understanding of current digital media. We use case studies of the Open Web, Facebook, and Google to demonstrate that infrastructure studies provides a valuable approach to the evolution of shared, widely accessible systems and services of the type often provided or regulated by governments in the public interest. On the other hand, platform studies captures how communication and expression are both enabled and constrained by new digital systems and new media. In these environments, platform-based services acquire characteristics of infrastructure, while both new and existing infrastructures are built or reorganized on the logic of platforms. We conclude by underlining the potential of this combined framework for future case studies.

scholarly journals Legitimization Mechanisms in the Media Discourse (A Case Study of the New Media)

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 188-198
Author(s):  
I. V. Saveleva
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
New Media ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
News Discourse ◽  
Political Hierarchy ◽  
The Media ◽  
Political Decisions

Purpose. Today, new media play a crucial role in legitimating political relations. Theoretical background of the current research draws on the social cognitive approach to discourse studies. From this perspective, legitimization is understood as one of the major ways of establishing social dominance in the process of meaning negotiation. As the meanings in discourse can vary, discourse actors have tools to attribute components of meaning to specific affairs, for instance, political and social. An analysis of the news discourse aims to identify major mechanisms of establishing legitimacy of political decisions conducted by political institutions. The authors describe discursive features of constructing political decisions by applying the method of discourse analysis to the news on Venezuelan crisis, which took place in the winter 2018–2019. Results. As the study of the empirical data demonstrates, the British mass media tend to construct discursive representation of Latin America’s events by introducing of several groups of actors in the news on the Venezuelan crisis. Generally, these groups relate to socio-political hierarchy. They include individual, collective, institutional and international actors. By tracing the elements of their agency in Venezuelan crisis 2019 news, authors assume that their functions in news construction are directly connected to the mechanism of objectivation. Recognizing the informative function of media as one of the major, authors argue that this mechanism also relates to establishing legitimacy in discursive practices. The ways by which the actors of the events in the discourse on Venezuela have been embedded in the articles show the creation of increasingly formed belief in legitimate actions of the new opposition leader. Conclusion. The study contributes to the methods of discourse analysis as well as to the search for legitimization strategies applied by the media. The implications of the study include the comparative analysis of British and Russian new media discourse.

scholarly journals Cultural Memory of Russia and China in Mental Landscape of Mass Media

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-65
Author(s):  
Irina Erofeeva ◽  
Alexey Muravyov
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
New Media ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media

The article presents a linguoculturological analysis of key concepts of national vision in the Russian and Chinese mass media. It offers substantiation of a conceptual view of the world objectified in a media discourse. The concepts, as cognitive-linguistic structures, are supported by the background knowledge of the addressee and the addresser, involve the meanings of the proto-text, stimulate an adequate interpretation of the media text and ensure the effectiveness of its impact on the cognitive, emotional and behavioral levels of consumer’s perception. The space of such a media text forms a mental landscape, which is a set of values that reflect the spectrum of people’s life on a certain territory and that are broadcast over time in the paradigm of «past – present – future». Based on research in the field of cognitive linguistics and psycholinguistics, journalism, social philosophy, it is argued that the new media technologies, textual and formatted ones are controlled by a collective cultural memory. The empirical base of the study was more than 500 texts of Russian and Chinese mass media. The cultural landscape of the media discourse is represented by texts in which the nuclear concepts of the national view of the world in Russia and China are embedded: collectivism (collegiality), patriotism. The article describes the features of these concepts’ representation in conjunction with the process of objectification of the dominant cultural values of China and Russia. An intensive representation of the concepts in mass media provides necessary national identification in Russian and Chinese societies, allows to implement the cultural hereditary function of the media and to protect the primordial traditions of the society, to transmit the ideals and cultural heritage of the previous generations.

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