Black Carbon, Soot and Dust Particles in the Atmosphere of an Industrial City

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Carbon Soot

Black Carbon Soot: Impact on Human Health and Other Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kshitij Kumar ◽  
Abhishek Negi ◽  
Rachana
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Carbon Soot

scholarly journals Atmospheric Brown Clouds in the Himalayas: first two years of continuous observations at the Nepal-Climate Observatory at Pyramid (5079 m)

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 4823-4885 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bonasoni ◽  
P. Laj ◽  
A. Marinoni ◽  
M. Sprenger ◽  
F. Angelini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
High Himalayas

Abstract. South Asia is strongly influenced by the so-called Atmospheric Brown Cloud (ABC), a wide polluted layer extending from the Indian Ocean to the Himalayas during the winter and pre-monsoon seasons (November to April). This thick, grey-brown haze blanket substantially interacts with the incoming solar radiation, causing a cooling of the Earth's surface and a warming of the atmosphere, thus influencing the monsoon system and climate. In this area, the Himalayan region, particularly sensitive to climate change, offers a unique opportunity to detect global change processes and to analyse the influence of anthropogenic pollution on background atmospheric conditions through continuous monitoring activities. This paper provides a detailed description of the atmospheric conditions characterizing the high Himalayas, thanks to continuous observations begun in March 2006 at the Nepal Climate Observatory – Pyramid (NCO-P) located at 5079 m a.s.l. on the southern foothills of Mt. Everest, in the framework of ABC-UNEP and SHARE-Ev-K2-CNR projects. Besides giving an overview of the measurement site and experimental activities, the work presents an in-depth characterization of meteorological conditions and air-mass circulation at NCO-P during the first two years of activity (March 2006–February 2008). The mean values of atmospheric pressure, temperature and wind speed recorded at the site were: 551 hPa, −3.0 °C, 4.7 m s−1, respectively. The highest seasonal values of temperature (1.7 °C) and relative humidity (94%) were registered during the monsoon season, which was also characterized by thick clouds present in about 80% of the afternoon hours and by a frequency of cloud-free sky less than 10%. The lowest temperature and relative humidity values were registered during winter, −6.3 °C and 22%, respectively, the season being characterised by mainly cloud-free sky conditions and rare thick clouds. The summer monsoon influenced the rain precipitation (seasonal mean 237 mm), while wind was dominated by flows from the bottom of the valley (S-SW) and upper mountain (N-NE). In relation to seasonal weather conditions, the time series variability of black carbon and dust particles (optical active aerosols) and ozone (regional greenhouse gas) were analysed, as they are significant constituents of the Atmospheric Brown Cloud and strongly influence the atmospheric radiative forcing. The highest seasonal values of black carbon (BC), ozone (O3) and dust particles were observed during the pre-monsoon season (316.9 ng m−3, 60.9 ppbv, 0.37 cm−3, respectively), while the lowest concentrations occurred during the monsoon for BC and O3 (49.6 ng m−3 and 33.6 ppbv, respectively) and post-monsoon for dust particles (0.07 cm−3). The seasonal cycles of these compounds are influenced both by the local mountain wind system and by the three principal large-scale circulation regimes: Westerly, South-Westerly and Regional, as shown by the analysis of in-situ meteorological parameters and 5-day LAGRANTO back-trajectories. In particular, the analysis of data representative of synoptic-scale circulation showed that the highest median values (O3: 68 ppbv, BC: 124 ng m−3, dust particles: 0.44 cm−3, respectively) were related with air-masses from polluted and arid regions in the Indian subcontinent, as well as the Arabian Peninsula and Persian Gulf. Furthermore, it was documented that in 90% of pre-monsoon days the Khumbu valley represents a "direct channel" able to transport polluted air-masses from the Asian Brown Cloud up to NCO-P and to higher altitudes. On such days the average day-time BC concentration (625 ng m−3) was at least double that recorded on the remaining days, even if during some pollution hot spots BC daily values increased up to 1000 ng m−3. In this study, two years of Himalayan observation activities carried out at NCO-P, in conjunction with model circulation analyses, provide some of the first evidence that polluted air-masses linked to the Atmospheric Brown Cloud can reach the high Himalayas, in particular during the pre-monsoon season, influencing the pristine atmospheric composition.

Anthropogenic Carbon Aerosol Induced Carbonation in Reinforced Concrete: Deterioration Effects on Mechanical Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
O.E. Babalola ◽  
Paul O. Awoyera ◽  
D.H. Le ◽  
Oladimeji B. Olalusi ◽  
S.K. Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Mass Concrete ◽  
Carbonation Depth ◽  
Concrete Deterioration ◽  
Carbon Soot ◽  
Anthropogenic Carbon

The effects of corrosion on the reinforced concrete structure due to carbonation affect its operation life. The research work considers a major critical component causing global warming as it studies the links between reinforced concrete deterioration mechanisms and anthropogenic carbon aerosol (black carbon soot) emissions in the atmosphere. Experimental tests were carried out to study the effect of carbonation caused by the emission of black carbon soot on mechanical properties and durability of reinforced concrete. Mass concrete and reinforced concrete prepared with Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in water/cement ratios ranging from 0.45 to 0.65 were used to produce concrete samples. Compressive strength tests, tensile strength test, and carbonation depth tests were carried out on concrete to determine its level of deterioration following the carbonation effect. The carbonation chamber was prepared with carbon soot of different concentrations to simulate different levels of black carbon soot in the atmosphere. Results showed that concrete compressive strength was not totally affected by carbonation, but there was reduction in the tensile strength of reinforcing steel. The carbonation depth was observed to progress deeper into the concrete with a longer duration of exposure to carbonation agents in the chamber. The result of this study will serve as a guide during concrete installations.

scholarly journals Connections between black carbon (soot) emission and global warming

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1009-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén D. Piacentini ◽  
María Isabel Micheletti
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Soot Emission ◽  
Carbon Soot

scholarly journals Effect of Metal Oxides and Black Carbon (Soot) on SO2/O2/H2O Reaction Systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Chughtai ◽  
M. E. Brooks ◽  
D. M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Reaction Systems ◽  
Carbon Soot
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