scholarly journals Systemic concentrations of hormones during the development of follicular waves in mares and women: a comparative study

Reproduction ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
O J Ginther ◽  
M A Beg ◽  
E L Gastal ◽  
M O Gastal ◽  
A R Baerwald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Follicular Waves ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle ◽  
Temporal Relationships ◽  
Concentration Changes

Changes in systemic concentrations of FSH, LH, oestradiol and progesterone during the ovulatory follicular wave were compared between 30 mares and 30 women. Based on a previous study, the emergence of the future ovulatory follicle was defined as occurring at 13.0 mm in mares and 6.0 mm in women, and deviation in diameter between the two largest follicles was expected to begin at 22.7 mm in mares and 10.3 mm in women. Mean FSH concentrations were high in mares during the luteal phase, resulting from statistically identified FSH surges occurring in individuals on different days and in different numbers (mean, 1.5 ± 0.2 surges/mare); the internadir interval was 3.9 ± 0.3 days. In contrast, mean FSH in women was low during the luteal phase and increased to a prolonged elevation during the follicular phase. The prolonged elevation was apparent in each individual (internadir interval, 15.2 ± 0.4 days). Changes in LH or oestradiol concentrations encompassing deviation were not detected in mares, but both hormones increased slightly but significantly between emergence and deviation in women. The hypothesis that a greater number of growing follicles causes a greater predeviation decrease in FSH was supported for mares (r, −0.39;P< 0.04), but a similar negative correlation (r, −0.36) was not significant in women. The hypothesis that the increase in oestradiol during the luteal phase in women was at least partly attributable to luteal-phase anovulatory follicular waves was not supported. Normalization of FSH concentrations to the day of emergence showed maximum value on the day of emergence with a significant increase and decrease on each side of emergence in both species. The day of expected deviation occurred 3 days after emergence during the decline in FSH in both species. These results indicated that the previously reported striking similarities in emergence and deviation between mares and women during the ovulatory follicular wave are associated with species similarities in the temporal relationships between follicle events and FSH concentration changes. Thus, mares may be useful research models for studying the role and mechanism of the action of FSH in emergence and deviation during the ovulatory follicular wave in women.

Effect of 1 or 2 norgestomet implants inserted from days 15 to 25 after oestrus on follicular development in beef cows

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 133-133
Author(s):  
D.A. Adikpe ◽  
M.J. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle

Controlling the timing of ovulation in cows that fail to conceive after insemination would provide a further opportunity for scheduled rebreeding in a group of cows to save time and optimise results. The ear implant Crestar containing the synthetic progestagen norgestomet provides a means of achieving this control (Sinclair et al., 1992; Lowman et al., 1994). Removing the implant on day 25 after oestrus results in less false positive pregnancy diagnoses than removal on day 21 with the implant in place for nine/ten days. However, treatment of beef heifers with a norgestomet implant towards the end of luteal phase to control oestrus and ovulation is associated with development of a persistent ovulatory follicle and reduced pregnancy rate (Mihm et al., 1994). The objective of this study was to determine the effects of treating beef cows with one or two norgestomet implants on the development of the dominant ovulatory follicle of the second follicular wave.

Ovarian follicular dynamics and endocrine profiles in Polwarth ewes with high and low body condition

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Viñoles ◽  
L. J. Harris ◽  
M. Forsberg ◽  
G. Banchero ◽  
E. Rubianes
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Follicular Waves ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Similar Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Turn Over ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

AbstractIn this investigation we tested the hypothesis that static body condition (BC) of the ewe affects oestradiol and FSH with implications for subsequent follicular growth and turn-over. Sixteen Polwarth ewes were selected from a flock according to their BC score (scale: 1 emaciated; 5 obese). High BC (HBC) ewes (no. = 8) had a BC score of 4·1 (s.e. 0·1) and low BC (LBC) ewes (no. = 8) had a BC score of 1·9 (s.e. 0·1). Daily ultrasound examinations were performed and blood samples for progesterone, oestradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) determination were collected. All HBC ewes (8/8) exhibited three waves of follicular development, while four LBC ewes (4/8) had two waves and the other four (4/8) had three waves of follicular development (P ≤ 0·05) during the interovulatory period. Overall, the emergences of 33 out of 44 follicular waves were preceded by significant increases in FSH concentrations. Maximum FSH concentrations were detected 0·9 ± 0·2 days before wave emergence. Oestradiol concentrations increased significantly during the growing phase in 38 out of 44 large follicles. A negative correlation between oestradiol and FSH was observed in HBC ewes. A similar inhibitory effect of oestradiol on FSH was observed in LBC ewes, irrespective of whether they developed two or three follicular waves. However, a longer period with high FSH was needed to promote the emergence of the second follicular wave in two-wave LBC ewes. Four HBC ewes had twin ovulations but no LBC ewes did (P ≤ 0·05). In HBC ewes, the follicular phase was characterized by lower oestradiol (6·5 (s.e. 1·0) pmol/l) but higher mean FSH concentrations (2·4 (s.e.0·4) μg/l) than in LBC ewes (8·9 (s.e. 1·2) pmol/l and 2·0 (s.e. 0·3) μg/l, respectively; P ≤ 0·05). The present results suggest that BC influences the pattern of follicular dynamics through changes in the endocrine milieu. Higher FSH concentrations during the follicular phase in HBC ewes, which allowed an extended period of follicular recruitment from a significantly larger pool of small antral follicles could explain the higher ovulation rate observed in this group.

scholarly journals ADMA concentration changes across the menstrual cycle and during oral contraceptive use: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirjo Valtonen ◽  
Kari Punnonen ◽  
Heli Saarelainen ◽  
Nonna Heiskanen ◽  
Olli T Raitakari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Brachial Artery Diameter ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Adma Concentration

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels during different menstrual cycle phases in young adult women with or without oral contraceptive (OC) use.Design and methodsThe subjects (n=1079) originated from a large population-based, prospective cohort study conducted in Finland. Plasma ADMA, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), l-arginine, C-reactive protein, creatinine, and brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) were measured. The use of OCs and menstrual cycle phase were determined from a questionnaire.ResultsIn non-OC users, ADMA (P=0.017), l-arginine (P=0.002), and ADMA/SDMA ratio (P<0.001) were significantly lower in the luteal phase than in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Non-OC users also had significantly higher ADMA and SDMA concentrations (P<0.001) and lower l-arginine concentrations (P<0.001) compared to OC users of estrogen-containing pills. Progestin-only contraceptive pills (POPs) did not lower the ADMA level, but maintained it at the same level as in non-OC users. In OC users, there were no significant differences found in ADMA, FMD, or FMD% across menstrual cycle, whereas brachial artery diameter was significantly more decreased in the luteal phase (P=0.013) than in the follicular phase.ConclusionWe observed that the circulating ADMA concentration varies across the menstrual cycle in young women not using OCs, and women on OCs displayed significantly lower circulating ADMA concentrations than non-OC users, though this was not the case with POP contraception.

Progesterone as the driving regulatory force behind serum FSH concentrations and antral follicular development in cycling ewes

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya E. Baby ◽  
Pawel M. Bartlewski
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Follicular Waves ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
And Control

Ovarian antral follicles in sheep grow in an orderly succession, producing typically three to four follicular waves per 17-day oestrous cycle. Each wave is preceded by a transient increase in circulating FSH concentrations. The mechanism controlling the number of recurrent FSH peaks and emerging follicular waves remains unknown. During the ewe’s oestrous cycle, the time between the first two FSH peaks and days of wave emergence is longer than the intervals separating the ensuing FSH peaks and follicular waves. The prolonged interpeak and interwave interval occurs early in the luteal phase when low levels of progesterone are secreted by developing, or not fully functional, corpora lutea (CL). The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of varying progesterone (P4) levels on circulating concentrations of FSH and antral follicular development in sheep. Exogenous P4 (15 mg per ewe, i.m.) was administered twice daily to six cycling Rideau Arcott × Dorset ewes from Day 0 (ovulation) to Day 4 (the mean duration of the interwave interval); six animals served as controls. Follicular growth was monitored in all animals by daily transrectal ultrasonography (Days 0–9). Jugular blood samples were drawn twice a day from Day 0 to Day 4 and then daily until Day 9 to measure systemic concentrations of P4, FSH and 17β-oestradiol (E2). The first FSH peak after ovulation was detected on Days 1.5 ± 0.2 and 4.2 ± 0.2 in treated and control ewes, respectively (P < 0.05). The next FSH peak(s) occurred on Day 3.9 ± 0.3 in the treated group and on Day 6.4 ± 0.5 in the control group. Consequently, the treated group had, on average, three follicular waves emerging on Days 0, 3 and 6, whereas the control group had two waves emerging on Days 0 and 5. Mean serum E2 concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in control compared with treated ewes on Days 1.3, 2.3, 3.3, 4.0 and 4.3 after ovulation. In summary, creation of mid-luteal phase levels of P4 in metoestrus shortened the time to the first post-ovulatory FSH peak in ewes, resulting in the emergence of one more follicular wave compared with control ewes during the same time frame. Therefore, P4 appears to be a key endocrine signal governing the control of periodic increases in serum FSH concentrations and the number of follicular waves in cycling sheep.

scholarly journals Follicular waves and circulating concentrations of gonadotrophins, inhibin and oestradiol during the anovulatory season in mares

Reproduction ◽  
2002 ◽  
pp. 875-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
FX Donadeu ◽  
OJ Ginther
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sample ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
Follicular Waves ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Temporal Basis ◽  
Follicular Activity

Follicular waves and associated circulating hormone concentrations were studied during the anovulatory season in pony mares (n=8). Follicles were monitored by ultrasonography and a blood sample was taken daily from 29 January until ovulation (mean, 28 April). A mid-anovulatory period (largest follicle, 16.0+/-0.5 mm in diameter) and transitional period (largest follicle, 22.4+/-0.5 mm) were distinctive in each mare. The two periods were delineated by an increase in the diameter of the largest follicle to >/=21.0 mm. Follicular waves, identified by significant increases in the mean diameter of the second to sixth largest follicles, were detected during both the mid-anovulatory and transitional periods. The mean number of follicles >/=15.0 mm in diameter and the diameter of the second to sixth largest follicles increased in association with statistically identified FSH surges. The pattern of the FSH concentration changes during surges did not change during the mid-anovulatory and transitional periods. During the declining portion of the FSH surge, follicle growth continued and circulating total inhibin increased, indicating suppression of FSH by inhibin from the growing follicles. Circulating oestradiol or LH did not change relative to wave emergence. Results indicated that follicular waves occurred during the second-half of the anovulatory season, even during the period of lowest follicular activity. On a temporal basis, follicular wave emergence was stimulated by surges in circulating FSH. However, the increase in follicle growth to >/=21.0 mm in diameter for the wave at the beginning of the transitional period and for the subsequent waves was not attributable to a change in the characteristics of the associated FSH surges.

scholarly journals Relationship Of FEF25-75, Pefr And SVC With Estrogen And Progesterone Level In Postmenopausal Women

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zinat Ara Polly ◽  
Shelina Begum ◽  
Sultana Ferdousi ◽  
Noorzahan Begum ◽  
Taskina Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Progesterone Level ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Estrogen Level ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

Background: Deterioration of lung function is common in women after menopause, which may be related to very low estrogen and progesterone level. Objective: To observe FEF25-75, PEFR and SVC (slow vital capacity) values in apparently healthy postmenopausal women to find out their relationships with serum estrogen and progesterone. Methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Physiology in BSMMU, Dhaka in the year 2007. 30 healthy postmenopausal women aged 45 to 60 years and 30 healthy premenopausal women aged 20 to 30 years during their different phases of menstrual cycle were studied. Postmenopausal women were residents of Dhaka city and premenopausal subjects were medical students. FEF25-75, PEFR and SVC of all subjects were measured by a digital micro spirometer. Their estrogen and progesterone levels were estimated by Micro particle Enzyme Immunoassay (MEIA) method. Data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient test, one way ANOVA and unpaired‘t’ test Results: The mean percentage of predicted values of FEF25-75 and PEFR were lower in postmenopausal women compared to those of follicular and luteal phases of premenopausal women but it was not significant. Measured values of SVC was Significantly (p<.001) lower in postmenopausal women compared to those of follicular and luteal phases of premenopausal women. Again Mean serum estrogen and progesterone levels were significantly (p<.001) lower in post menopausal women compared to those of follicular and luteal phases of premenopausal women. In post menopausal women, FEF25-75 was positively, PEFR and SVC were negatively correlated with progesterone level. PEFR and SVC showed positive correlattion and FEF25-75 showed negative correlation with serum estrogen level. All these correlations were statistically non significant. In premenopausal women FEF25-75 and PEFR showed positive correlation and SVC showed negative correlation with serum progesterone level. The relationships were statistically significant in luteal phase but nonsignificant in follicular phase. FEF25-75 ,PEFR and SVC were positively correlated with serum estrogen level in luteal phase but FEF25-75 and PEFR negatively correlated and SVC positively correlated with estrogen level in follicular phase. Conclusion: The outcome of this study shows FEF25-75 , PEFR and SVC may be reduced in postmenopausal women which in turn may be associated with their low progesterone and estrogen levels. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v6i2.9761 JBSP 2011 6(2): 116-121

scholarly journals Correlation Differences between Sex and Stress Hormones in Men And Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-331
Author(s):  
L. D. Popova ◽  
I. M. Vasylyeva ◽  
O. A. Nakonechna
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Sympathoadrenal System ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Positive Correlations

The excessive aggression is an actual problem of modern society but the mechanisms of aggressiveness development have not been sufficiently investigated. Women aggression is considered to differ from men one and results obtained on males cannot be extrapolated on females. Sex hormones have a crucial role in the generation of sexually dimorphic aggression circuits during development and their maintenance during adulthood. Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis and sympathoadrenal system are major neuroendocrine systems that respond to stress. Stress hormones are involved into behavioral reactions of organism. Gonadal, hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axes, and sympathoadrenal system are tightly interrelated and every of them can influence another one. The purpose of the study was to estimate correlation differences between sex and stress hormones in men and women. Material and methods. Forty healthy young people aged 18 to 22 years with a body mass index of 19-24 (21 women and 19 men) were enrolled in the study. Hormone levels in blood serum were determined by Testosterone, Estradiol, Cortisol ELISA kits (Italy), Epinephrine/Norepinephrine (EPI) ELISA kit (China). Results and discussion. In all phases of the menstrual cycle, the level of cortisol in women was lower than in men, but in the luteal phase these differences were not statistically significant. In all phases of the menstrual cycle, the blood serum norepinephrine content in women was lower than in men, but in the follicular phase these differences were not statistically significant. The level of epinephrine in women during ovulation and luteal phase did not differ from the level of epinephrine in men, but in follicular phase it was significantly lower. Calculations of correlations between individual hormones revealed a significant difference between them in men and women. Positive correlations between testosterone and estradiol and between cortisol and epinephrine; a strong negative correlation between epinephrine and testosterone/norepinephrine ratio were found in men. Positive correlation between testosterone and cortisol and negative correlation between estradiol and cortisol/testosterone ratio were revealed in women. Conclusion. In women, strong correlations were found between cortisol and sex hormones; in men, strong interrelationship was revealed between cortisol and epinephrine. Both in men and in women (in all phases of the menstrual cycle), high positive correlations between testosterone/norepinephrine and cortisol/norepinephrine ratios were observed

171 ADMINISTRATION OF GnRH ON DAY 6 ALTERS THE NUMBER OF FOLLICULAR WAVES FROM 2 TO 3 DURING THE ESTROUS CYCLE OF HOLSTEIN COWS

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
E. Dirandeh ◽  
H. Kohram ◽  
A. Zare Shahneh
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Follicular Waves ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle

It is suggested that pregnancy rate is greater in lactating cows inseminated following ovulation of a third-wave follicle compared with a second-wave follicle. The number of follicular waves is not apparent during the estrous cycle. However, GnRH injection on Day 6 is supposed to initiate a new follicular wave earlier; as a result, the number of cows with 3 follicular waves will be increased. This study was done to change the 2-follicular-wave cycles to 3 follicular waves during the estrous cycle. The estrous cycles of 10 cows were synchronized with 2 i.m. injections of prostaglandin F2α given 11 days apart. The cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments. Cows in the control treatment received no treatment, whereas GnRH6 cows received a GnRH injection on Day 6 of the estrous cycle (estrus = Day 0). Ovaries of all cows were scanned daily, from estrus (Day 0) to the subsequent estrus (Day 23). Profiles of the mean number of follicles (i.e. 4- to 6-mm and ≥7 mm), the diameter of the largest follicle (F1), and comparison of 2- and 3-wave cows were compared by least squares analysis of variance using the general linear model (GLM) procedure of SAS. The number of 4 to 6 mm follicles had a tendency to decline until Day 6 (3.0 ± 2.1 v. 0.8 ± 1.6). In response to an injection of GnRH, the number of small follicles in group GnRH6 on Day 6 (1.5 ± 1.6 follicles) increased (P < 0.05) on Day 8 (5.0 ± 1.7 follicles) and the number of medium and large follicles (≥7 mm) on Day 6 (1.8 ± 0.5 follicles) decreased (P < 0.05) on Day 9 (0.8 ± 0.6 follicles). Over the 4-day period before GnRH treatment, the diameter of F1 was increasing (from 4.7 ± 0.9 mm to 10.0 ± 0.6 mm) in cows treated with GnRH on Day 6 of the estrous cycle; thereafter, the diameter of the F1 decreased (P < 0.05) within 2 days of GnRH treatment. In the control group the diameter of the F1 increased over the 4-day period before GnRH treatment (from 5.0 ± 0.9 mm to 11.2 ± 0.6 mm), whereas it remained constant (11.2 ± 1.2 mm to 11.2 ± 1.2 mm) between Days 6 and 9 of the estrous cycle (P < 0.003). Results showed that 4 out of 5 cows in control group had 2 follicular waves, whereas all of the cows (n = 5) in GnRH6 group had 3 follicular waves. The first follicular wave begins at Day 1.1 ± 0.50 and 0.70 ± 0.50 in the control and GnRH groups, respectively. The second follicular waves appeared at Day 11.00 ± 0.80 and 8.30 ± 1.50 (P ≤ 0.05) for the 2- and 3-wave animals, respectively. The third follicular waves (n = 6) initiated at Day 16.30 ± 1.50. Cows with 2 follicular waves had shorter estrous cycles (P ≤ 0.05) than 3-wave cows (20.50 ± 0.60 v. 22.40 ± 0.90). The ovulatory follicle in 2-wave cows grew larger (14.00 ± 1.80 v. 12.50 ± 0.90 mm; P ≤ 0.05), and maintained for a longer period of time (9.50 ± 1.80 v. 6.1 ± 0.90; P ≤ 0.05) than in 3-wave cows. In conclusion, an injection of GnRH on Day 6 of the estrous cycle could promote the emergence of a new follicular wave earlier in cows and alter the estrous cycles with 2 waves into 3 follicular waves.

Ovarian follicular dynamics and concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta, progesterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone during the periovulatory phase of the oestrous cycle in the cow

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Kaneko ◽  
T Terada ◽  
K Taya ◽  
G Watanabe ◽  
S Sasamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle ◽  
Follicular Dynamics ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Changes in the plasma concentration of oestradiol-17 beta, progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were characterized during the transition from the luteal to the follicular phase, the periovulatory period and the early luteal phase in five cycling cows. The pattern of growth and the regression of follicles and corpora lutea in the ovary of the same animals were also assessed by daily ultrasonographic examinations. Two waves of follicular growth (ovulatory and non-ovulatory) occurred in all animals. The ovulatory follicular wave started from 4 days before the preovulatory surges of LH and FSH and the wave of next growth of a dominant follicle (non-ovulatory follicle) started within one day after ovulation. Changes in plasma levels of oestradiol-17 beta correlated well with the growth of both ovulatory and non-ovulatory dominant follicles. Suppression of FSH concentration during the follicular phase was inversely related to the increase in plasma concentration of oestradiol-17 beta. These results suggest that, in the cow, ovulatory dominant follicles suppress FSH secretion by increasing the concentration of oestradiol-17 beta (and probably also inhibin) during the follicular phase.

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