scholarly journals Immunohistochemical studies on the progesterone receptor (PR) in the sow uterus during the oestrous cycle and in inseminated sows at oestrus and early pregnancy

Reproduction ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sukjumlong ◽  
A-M Dalin ◽  
L Sahlin ◽  
E Persson
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Receptor Proteins ◽  
High Level ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies

Physiological changes in the sow uterus involve the regulation by progesterone and its receptor proteins (PR). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the localization of PR during different stages of the oestrous cycle and in inseminated sows during early pregnancy by use of immunohistochemistry. Uterine samples were collected from cyclic and inseminated sows at different stages of the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. The samples were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin. Immunohistochemistry was done by use of a mouse monoclonal antibody to PR. The highest PR immunostaining in the surface epithelium was observed at oestrus/5–6 h after artificial insemination (AI) and early dioestrus/70 h after AI. In the glandular epithelium, the highest level of PR was found at oestrus with the lowest at late dioestrus/d 19. Higher levels of PR were observed in inseminated groups compared with cyclic sows. In the myometrium, a high level of PR was found at oestrus, while stromal PR cells were constantly present throughout the oestrous cycle and at different stages of early pregnancy. In conclusion, this study shows that the immunopresence of PR in the sow uterus differed between uterine compartments at the same reproductive stage. Differences were also found for some uterine compartments between cyclic and inseminated/early pregnant sows. The relatively consistent immunostaining of PR in the stroma strengthens a stromal role in the regulation of physiological activities in the sow uterus during the oestrous cycle as well as early pregnancy.

Immunocytochemical localization and changes in endometrial progestin receptor protein during the porcine oestrous cycle and early pregnancy

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 749 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Geisert ◽  
TN Pratt ◽  
FW Bazer ◽  
JS Mayes ◽  
GH Watson
Keyword(s):  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Immunocytochemical Localization ◽  
Intense Staining ◽  
Pr Protein ◽  
Progestin Receptor

Changes of progesterone receptor (PR) protein and cellular localization in the endometrium were evaluated during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy of the gilt. During the oestrous cycle, the concentration of total PR protein within the endometrium was highest on Days 0-5 and decreased on Day 10. The endometrial concentration of PR reached a nadir on Day 12 and this level was maintained throughout the remainder of the oestrous cycle (Day 18). In pregnant gilts, the concentration of endometrial PR protein from Day 10 to Day 18 was similar to that in cyclic gilts. Western blot analysis with antiserum specific for the A and B isoforms of PR indicated that porcine endometrium expresses both isoforms of PR. Immunostaining was detectable for both the A and B isoforms of PR from Day 0 to Day 12 of the oestrous cycle. However, no staining was observed on Day 15 and Day 18 of the oestrous cycle or pregnancy Immunocytochemical localization of PR in the endometrium of cyclic gilts and pregnant gilts indicated that there was intense staining for PR in surface epithelium and glandular epithelium during oestrus (Day 0) and on Day 5. However, the staining was less intense on Day 7 and Day 10 of the oestrous cycle and no epithelial staining was observed after Day 12. PRs were present in the stroma and myometrium throughout the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. The presence of conceptuses during pregnancy did not affect the loss of PR from the uterine epithelium after Day 10 of gestation. Down-regulation of epithelial PR might be one factor involved in the timing of luteolysis during the oestrous cycle as well as conceptus growth and placentation during early pregnancy.

Determination of porcine endometrial phospholipase A2 activity and detection of immunoreactive cyclooxygenase during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 531 ◽  
Author(s):  
DH Dubois ◽  
LC Smith ◽  
FW Bazer
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Intense Staining ◽  
Porcine Conceptus ◽  
Uterine Glands ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Phospholipase A2 Activity

Experiments examined the characteristics and activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and examined the presence of immunoreactive cyclooxygenase in endometrium of pigs during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. Endometrial PLA2 was calcium-independent and activity of the enzyme was greatest at a pH of 8.0. Activity of PLA2 on Days 10, 12, 14 and 16 of the oestrous cycle did not differ (P > 0.1) from activity on those days during pregnancy. During oestrus and early metoestrus (Days 0-3), cyclooxygenase was present in both glandular and surface epithelium. After Day 10 of the oestrous cycle or pregnancy, staining for cyclooxygenase was less intense in the lower and middle uterine glands. However, the upper glandular epithelium near the surface epithelium stained intensely. By Day 15 of the oestrous cycle or pregnancy, intense staining for cyclooxygenase appeared restricted to the upper uterine glands. These results indicate changes in localization of immunoreactive cyclooxygenase throughout the oestrous cycle and suggest that these are not related to altered secretion of prostaglandins (PGs) during early pregnancy. The stimulatory effects of porcine conceptus products on secretion of PGs during early pregnancy are apparently not associated with increased activity of endometrial PLA2.

scholarly journals Saliva Crystallization in Cattle: New Possibility for Early Pregnancy Diagnosis?

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iva Skalova ◽  
Tamara Fedorova ◽  
Karolina Brandlova
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Synchronization Process ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽  
Non Invasive

Abstract Saliva sampling is a non-invasive, simple and low-cost procedure. The aim of this study was to confirm the presence and changes of saliva crystallization in domestic cattle during synchronized oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. We verified saliva crystallization as a method for early pregnancy diagnosis. Eight Holstein cows were included into the research. The samples were collected daily from 16th day before to 34th day after artificial insemination (in total 51 days). We observed the following types of crystallization: none, dotted, branch-like, fir-like, fern-like and combinations of them and an atypical pattern. We confirmed the presence of saliva crystallization in cattle and its changes during oestrus synchronization process, insemination and post-insemination periods. We found significant differences in pregnant and non-pregnant animals between 20th and 29th day after insemination. We concluded that pregnancy diagnosis by saliva crystallization might be possible but the practical application of this method is currently unfeasible.

HORMONE RECEPTOR LEVELS AND HORMONE, RNA AND PROTEIN METABOLISM IN THE GENITAL TRACT DURING THE OESTROUS CYCLE OF THE EWE

1977 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. MILLER ◽  
LEIGH MURPHY ◽  
G. M. STONE
Keyword(s):  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Receptor Proteins ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Metabolic Activities

SUMMARY The concentrations of soluble oestradiol and progesterone receptor proteins and several metabolic activities were measured in the genital tracts of ewes killed on Days 0 (oestrus), 2, 5, 10 or 14 of the oestrous cycle. In caruncular endometrium and in whole uterus the concentrations of oestradiol receptor (pmol steroid bound/mg tissue DNA) were highest at oestrus and declined steadily thereafter to minimal values at Day 14. The concentrations of progesterone receptor were highest on Days 0–5, then declined to low levels on Days 10–14. There was little metabolism of either [3H]oestradiol or [3H]progesterone in minces of whole uterus and with either steroid the pattern of metabolism did not change at any stage of the cycle. The in-vivo rates of synthesis of protein in caruncular endometrium and in isthmic oviduct were highest at or shortly after oestrus (Days 0–2), then declined to low levels on Days 10–14. RNA:DNA ratios in these two tissues were also greatest at oestrus and subsequently fell to minimal values by Day 14. The results are discussed in relation to ovarian secretion of oestradiol and progesterone during the oestrous cycle of the ewe.

scholarly journals 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in the bovine endometrium during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy

Reproduction ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Parent ◽  
Eric Madore ◽  
Leslie A MacLaren ◽  
Michel A Fortier
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Maximal Level ◽  
Relative Production ◽  
High Level ◽  
Human Isoforms ◽  
Luminal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Viable Embryo

Prostaglandins (PG) are primary regulators of reproductive function. In ruminants, the relative production of PGE2and PGF2αdetermines the return to a new oestrous cycle or to the establishment of pregnancy in response to a viable embryo. PG action depends on biosynthesis, transport and interaction with their receptors, which are all expressed differentially during the oestrous cycle. PGs are, however, local mediators and thus the onsite degradation by enzymes such as 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (HPGD), also known as 15-PGDH, is another factor to consider in the regulation of physiological action. Little information is available on PG catabolism in the endometrium during the oestrous cycle or early pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to clone the bovine 15-PGDH, produce the recombinant protein and generate a specific antibody to study its activity and its expression in the endometrium during the oestrous cycle. We have found that the bovine 15-PGDH is highly homologous to the rat and human isoforms. 15-PGDH is localized principally in the glandular epithelium and to a lesser extent in stromal and luminal epithelial cells. The enzyme expression is regulated during the oestrous cycle and it reaches its maximal level on days 16–18. Transient expression is observed in luminal epithelial and trophoblast cells on day 21 of pregnancy. The mRNA is expressed at a constant high level throughout the cycle. The activity of the recombinant 15-PGDH was also tested and was found comparable for PGF2αand PGE2. These data suggest that 15-PGDH contributes to the tight regulation of PG action in the endometrium especially at the critical period of recognition of pregnancy.

ALTERATIONS IN PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS IN THE RAT UTERUS BEARING AN INTRA-UTERINE DEVICE DURING THE OESTROUS CYCLE AND EARLY PREGNANCY

1980 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
LESLIE MYATT ◽  
M. G. ELDER ◽  
LOUIS LIM
Keyword(s):  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Rat Uterus ◽  
Binding Characteristics ◽  
Receptor Complexes ◽  
And Control

The binding characteristics, content and intracellular distribution of cytosolic and nuclear progesterone receptors have been investigated, using [3H]progesterone as ligand, in the rat uterus bearing a unilateral intra-uterine device (IUD) during the oestrous cycle and from days 3 to 6 of pregnancy. The dissociation constants of nuclear and cytosolic progesterone–receptor complexes for IUD-containing and control uterine horns were similar. Cytosolic receptor concentrations in the IUD-containing uterus were always lower but changed in a manner similar to the control during the periods studied. Nuclear receptor concentrations in the control horn reflected changes in hormone levels during the oestrous cycle although concentrations measured were greater than previously reported. However, in IUD-containing uteri the pattern was completely reversed with minimal levels at pro-oestrus. Nuclear receptor concentrations were little different in both horns during early pregnancy. Total progesterone receptor synthesis determined between metoestrus and pro-oestrus in IUD-containing horns was significantly less than that of control horns. This correlated with the attenuated rise of nuclear oestrogen receptor levels previously observed between these times in IUD-containing uterine horns.

scholarly journals Expression of oxytocin, oestrogen and progesterone receptors in uterine biopsy samples throughout the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy in cows

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 965-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
RS Robinson ◽  
GE Mann ◽  
GE Lamming ◽  
DC Wathes
Keyword(s):  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Oestrogen Receptor ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Luminal Epithelium ◽  
Receptor Alpha ◽  
Oestrogen Receptor Alpha ◽  
Oxytocin Receptors

This study examined the expression patterns of oxytocin and steroid receptors in the bovine endometrium during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy to elucidate their respective roles in the regulation of luteolysis and the maternal recognition of pregnancy. In Expt 1, uterine biopsies were collected from four cows throughout three oestrous cycles each, to provide daily samples. In Expt 2, uterine tissue was collected on days 12, 14, 16 and 18 of the oestrous cycle (n = 20) or early pregnancy (n = 16). Oxytocin receptor, oestrogen receptor alpha and progesterone receptor mRNAs were localized by in situ hybridization, and localization of oestrogen receptor and progesterone receptor was confirmed by immunocytochemistry. All three receptors showed time- and cell-specific expression patterns. Oestrogen receptor alpha increased in all regions at oestrus but high concentrations were also found in the luminal epithelium during the mid-luteal phase and in the deep glands throughout the oestrous cycle. Progesterone receptor expression was higher in the stroma than it was in the types of epithelial cell, and increased expression was observed at oestrus and during the early luteal phase. The cyclical upregulation of oxytocin receptors in the luminal epithelium on about day 16 was not related to preceding changes in the endometrial expression of either oestradiol alpha or progesterone receptors. During early pregnancy, oxytocin receptor expression was suppressed. Oestrogen receptor a concentrations increased in the non-pregnant cows and decreased in the pregnant cows between days 16 and 18, but these changes followed rather than preceded the upregulation of oxytocin receptors in the non-pregnant cows. It is concluded that the initial upregulation of oxytocin receptors in the luminal epithelium, which triggers luteolysis, is not associated directly with changes in expression of oestrogen receptor alpha.

Localization of oestradiol, progesterone and oxytocin receptors in the uterus during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy of the ewe

1993 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Wathes ◽  
M. Hamon
Keyword(s):  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Luminal Epithelium ◽  
Paracrine Factors ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Oxytocin Receptors

ABSTRACT Uterine tissue samples were collected from 47 ewes at various stages of the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy (until day 21) and during seasonal anoestrus. Cryostat sections were immunostained to determine the localization of oestradiol and progesterone receptors using specific monoclonal antibodies. Oxytocin receptors were localized by autoradiography in sections from the same ewes using the 125I-labelled oxytocin antagonist d(CH2)5[Tyr(Me)2,Thr4,Tyr-NH29]- vasotocin. Plasma progesterone measurements were made during the preceding cycle up to the time of slaughter. Oestradiol receptor concentrations were maximal in all regions of the tract at oestrus. Immunostaining of the luminal epithelium, superficial glandular epithelium, stroma and myometrium decreased in the early luteal phase but was maintained for longer in the deep glands. Progesterone receptor immunostaining in the luminal epithelium and superficial glands developed in the early luteal phase (days 1–2) with a somewhat later appearance in the deep glands (days 5–7). Progesterone receptor concentrations in the stroma and myometrium also reached a maximum in the early luteal phase. Myometrial staining was clearly maintained throughout the luteal phase whereas stromal staining was variable between ewes. For both oestradiol and progesterone receptors no differences were apparent between pregnant and non-pregnant ewes between days 2 and 12, but pregnant ewes did not show the general increases in oestradiol receptor staining associated with luteolysis on days 14–15. Oxytocin receptors first developed in the luminal epithelium of non-pregnant ewes on day 14 of the cycle and spread to the superficial glands, caruncular stroma, deep glands and myometrium at oestrus before decreasing in reverse order on days 1–2. Specific binding was not detectable on days 5–12 of the cycle or on days 14 or 21 of pregnancy. The appearance of oxytocin receptors in the luminal epithelium on day 14 preceded that of both the oestradiol and progesterone receptors in the epithelial cells and the fall in plasma progesterone. It was followed by the development of oestradiol and oxytocin receptors in the superficial glands, deep glands, caruncular stroma and myometrium, with the two receptor populations showing a significant positive association in these tissues. The loss of oxytocin receptors in all regions occurred as plasma progesterone levels were increasing, but the association between these two variables was only significant in the superficial glands. The development of progesterone receptors in different tissues could not be explained on the basis of either oestradiol receptor content or plasma progesterone. We conclude that all three receptor populations change in a dynamic manner during the oestrous cycle with variations both between days and between different uterine compartments. The complex pattern of receptor formation and loss suggests that, in addition to the circulating steroid hormone concentrations, local paracrine factors are likely to be involved in their regulation. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 138, 479–491

scholarly journals Corticobasal Degeneration Misdiagnosed As Musculoskeletal Disease: A Challenging Diagnosis of Higher-Level Gait Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 640-642
Author(s):  
Halil Onder
Keyword(s):  
Corticobasal Degeneration ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Gait Disorders ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Gait Abnormality ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
Neurological Exam ◽  
Long Time ◽  
High Level

AbstractGait disorders are common in the elderly as there are various causes of neurological and non-neurological conditions. On the other hand, most of the gait parameters do change with advancing age which is identified as age-related physiological changes in gait. At this point, the discrimination between age-related physiological changes and gait disorders may be strictly challenging. After identifying gait as an abnormal pattern, classification of it and making the responsible pathophysiology also require high-level expertise in this regard. Herein, we present a rare patient with corticobasal degeneration (CBD) who had admitted initially due to complaints of gait problems. Over a long time, the patient had received the misdiagnosis of gait abnormality due to musculoskeletal problems by multiple physicians. However, the detailed neurological exam showed a higher level gait disorder (HLGD). Further investigations at this point yielded the diagnosis of CBD.

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