scholarly journals Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) and fertility management in agricultural species

Reproduction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. R1-R11 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Mossa ◽  
F Jimenez-Krassel ◽  
D Scheetz ◽  
M Weber-Nielsen ◽  
A C O Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Fertility Management ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Multiple Cycles ◽  
Agricultural Species

A reliable, easy to assess marker for fertility in agricultural species would be highly desirable and Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) is a promising candidate. This review summarizes recent findings concerning AMH and its role in fertility management, mainly in cattle. It focuses on (1) alterations in circulating AMH concentrations from birth to puberty and during estrous cycles; (2) correlation of circulating AMH concentrations with ovarian follicle numbers and ovarian reserve; (3) factors that impact circulating AMH concentrations; (4) use of AMH as a predictor of fertility. Circulating AMH concentrations can be easily and reliably measured with a single blood sample in adult cattle because AMH varies minimally during the estrous cycle and is repeatable across multiple cycles. Circulating AMH concentrations are positively associated with several measures of fertility. Dairy heifers with low compared with higher AMH concentrations subsequently had lower pregnancy rates, higher probability of being culled after birth of their first calf and shorter herd longevity. Also, AMH is predictive of response to superovulation in cattle and sheep. Several factors contribute to the variability in AMH concentrations among individuals; for example, beef cattle have higher AMH than dairy cattle. Nutritional imbalances, disease and endocrine disruptors during fetal life may negatively program the size of the ovarian reserve and consequently serum AMH concentrations and potential fertility in adulthood. We conclude that AMH may be a predictor of fertility and herd longevity in cattle, whereas in sheep and other farm species, the potential association between AMH and reproductive performance remains largely unexplored. Free Italian abstract: An Italian translation of this abstract is freely available at http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/154/1/R1/suppl/DC1

Fertility management of dairy heifers

Livestock ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kat Bazeley ◽  
Ed Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Fertility Management

Does size matter in females? An overview of the impact of the high variation in the ovarian reserve on ovarian function and fertility, utility of anti-Müllerian hormone as a diagnostic marker for fertility and causes of variation in the ovarian reserve in cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Ireland ◽  
G. W. Smith ◽  
D. Scheetz ◽  
F. Jimenez-Krassel ◽  
J. K. Folger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Diminished Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Maternal Environment ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Size Matter ◽  
The Impact

The mechanism whereby the inherently high variation in ovary size and the total number of high-quality oocytes in ovaries (ovarian reserve) impact on ovarian function and fertility, diagnostics to measure the size of the ovarian reserve and the factors that cause variation in the ovarian reserve are unknown. Our results show that cattle can be phenotyped reliably based on the number of antral follicles growing during follicular waves (antral follicle count, AFC). Young adult cattle with a consistently low v. a high AFC have smaller gonads, a markedly diminished ovarian reserve and many other phenotypic characteristics usually associated with ovarian aging and infertility. A powerful new approach based on a single measurement of serum concentration of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is described to test the longstanding hypothesis that the size of the ovarian reserve is positively associated with fertility. Also, new evidence shows that maternal environment has a critical role in regulation of the high variation in the ovarian reserve and perhaps fertility in offspring. These results support the conclusion that the inherently high variation in the ovarian reserve, potentially caused by alterations in the maternal environment, has a negative impact on ovarian function that may result in suboptimal fertility in young adult cattle, and a single AMH measurement can be used reliably in future studies to determine if fertility is suboptimal in young adult cattle with low circulating AMH concentrations and a correspondingly diminished ovarian reserve.

203 High environmental temperatures during early fetal life may impair the ovarian reserve in cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
S. Succu ◽  
S. Sale ◽  
G. Ghirello ◽  
J. Ireland ◽  
A. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

The causes of the inherently high variation in number of follicles and oocytes in ovaries of mammals are unknown. Evidence suggests that the ovarian reserve (total number of healthy follicles and oocytes in ovaries) can be programmed by events occurring during fetal life. For instance, maternal nutritional restriction during the first trimester of pregnancy negatively affects the size of the ovarian reserve in calves. The aim of the present study was to establish whether exposure of pregnant dairy cows to high environmental temperatures from conception to the end of the first trimester of pregnancy impairs establishment of the ovarian reserve in their offspring. This work was conducted in four commercial dairy farms with similar nutrition and farming systems located in Sardinia, Italy, on a total of 310 Holstein-Friesian dairy heifers (16 months old) that were conceived and born at different times of year coincident with different environmental temperatures. We tested whether exposure of the heifer's dams to a mean temperature-humidity index (THI) >68 from conception to the end of the first trimester of pregnancy resulted in a diminished ovarian reserve in their offspring. To estimate the size of the ovarian reserve, a single blood sample was collected to measure serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH; n=310), and the number of follicles >3mm (antral follicle count, AFC) was assessed using transrectal ovarian ultrasonography (n=258) on a random day of the oestrous cycle (16.09±0.07 months of age). Relations among variables were analysed with Pearson correlation with SAS (SAS Institute Inc.). Anti-Müllerian hormone and AFC were analysed with a mixed model (PROC MIXED of SAS) considering the main effects of season during the first trimester of fetal life and age at sampling; the effect of farm was included as a random effect. Tukey's test was used for comparisons. Circulating AMH concentrations and AFC were highly positively correlated (P<0.0001), as previously reported. The results also showed that both AMH concentrations and AFC were lower (419.27±22.81 pgmL−1, 9.32±0.42 follicles; P<0.0001) in young adult heifers of the dams exposed to a THI >68 compared with dams exposed to an average THI of 55 (634.91±47.60 pgmL−1, 11.84±0.46 follicles). Neither AMH nor AFC were influenced by farm and age at sampling of the daughters. In conclusion, maternal exposure to THI >68 (typical high temperatures during summers in Sardinia) during the first trimester of pregnancy has a negative effect on the development of the ovarian reserve in female fetuses, which may subsequently impair their reproductive performance as adults. Research was funded by Regione Autonoma della Sardegna, Legge Regionale 7, Bando 2015.

scholarly journals Serum Concentrations of AMH and E2 and Ovarian and Uterine Traits in Gilts

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Steel ◽  
Rebecca Athorn ◽  
Christopher Grupen
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Reproductive Failure ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Circulating Levels

Poor sow retention due to reproductive failure is a common reproductive inefficiency amongst piggeries. This shows that traditional methods of gilt selection are inadequate and a marker of reproductive success is needed. The aim of this study was to determine whether circulating levels of AMH and E2 at D80 and D160 are associated with uterine and ovarian traits at D160. Uterine weight, horn length and horn diameter were measured, and ovarian follicle counts were determined histologically. There was a negative relationship between both D80 and D160 AMH levels and D160 ovarian follicle populations. There was also a positive relationship between D80 E2 levels and uterine capacity in gilts that were pubertal at D160. The findings indicate that D80 and D160 AMH could be used to predict ovarian reserve and that D80 E2 levels may be indicative of uterine capacity in precocial gilts.

scholarly journals Translational Physiology of Anti-Müllerian Hormone: Clinical Applications in Female Fertility Preservation and Cancer Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Jean Rodgers ◽  
Jason Anthony Abbott ◽  
Kirsty A. Walters ◽  
William Leigh Ledger
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Primordial Follicle ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cells ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Biological Actions

BackgroundWhilst the ability of AMH to induce the regression of the Müllerian ducts in the male fetus is well appreciated, AMH has additional biological actions in relation to steroid biosynthesis and ovarian follicle dynamics. An understanding of the physiology of AMH illuminates the potential therapeutic utility of AMH to protect the ovarian reserve during chemotherapy and in the treatment of female malignancies. The translation of the biological actions of AMH into clinical applications is an emerging focus of research, with promising preliminary results.Objective and RationaleStudies indicate AMH restrains primordial follicle development, thus administration of AMH during chemotherapy may protect the ovarian reserve by preventing the mass activation of primordial follicles. As AMH induces regression of tissues expressing the AMH receptor (AMHRII), administration of AMH may inhibit growth of malignancies expressing AMHR II. This review evaluates the biological actions of AMH in females and appraises human clinical applications.Search MethodsA comprehensive search of the Medline and EMBASE databases seeking articles related to the physiological functions and therapeutic applications of AMH was conducted in July 2021. The search was limited to studies published in English.OutcomesAMH regulates primordial follicle recruitment and moderates sex steroid production through the inhibition of transcription of enzymes in the steroid biosynthetic pathway, primarily aromatase and 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase. Preliminary data indicates that administration of AMH to mice during chemotherapy conveys a degree of protection to the ovarian reserve. Administration of AMH at the time of ovarian tissue grafting has the potential to restrain uncontrolled primordial follicle growth during revascularization. Numerous studies demonstrate AMH induced regression of AMHR II expressing malignancies. As this action occurs via a different mechanism to traditional chemotherapeutic agents, AMH has the capacity to inhibit proliferation of chemo-resistant ovarian cancer cells and cancer stem cells.Wider ImplicationsTo date, AMH has not been administered to humans. Data identified in this review suggests administration of AMH would be safe and well tolerated. Administration of AMH during chemotherapy may provide a synchronistic benefit to women with an AMHR II expressing malignancy, protecting the ovarian reserve whilst the cancer is treated by dual mechanisms.

scholarly journals Analysis of Ovarian Follicular Dynamics during Estrous Cycles in Dairy Heifers

1998 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 690-696
Author(s):  
Akihiro KINOSHITA ◽  
Mari MAEDA ◽  
Shoji OOKUTSU ◽  
Kazufumi GOTO ◽  
Yoshihiko NAKANISHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

Management of reproduction in dairy heifers based on the synchronization of estrous cycles

1990 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kaim ◽  
M. Rosenberg ◽  
Y. Folman
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Dairy Heifers

Premature prostaglandin F2α secretion causes luteal regression in GnRH-induced short estrous cycles in cyclic dairy heifers

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juhani Taponen ◽  
Pia Hjerppe ◽  
Eija Kopra ◽  
Heriberto Rodrı́guez-Martı́nez ◽  
Terttu Katila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Luteal Regression ◽  
Dairy Heifers
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