Does size matter in females? An overview of the impact of the high variation in the ovarian reserve on ovarian function and fertility, utility of anti-Müllerian hormone as a diagnostic marker for fertility and causes of variation in the ovarian reserve in cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Ireland ◽  
G. W. Smith ◽  
D. Scheetz ◽  
F. Jimenez-Krassel ◽  
J. K. Folger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Diminished Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Maternal Environment ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Size Matter ◽  
The Impact

The mechanism whereby the inherently high variation in ovary size and the total number of high-quality oocytes in ovaries (ovarian reserve) impact on ovarian function and fertility, diagnostics to measure the size of the ovarian reserve and the factors that cause variation in the ovarian reserve are unknown. Our results show that cattle can be phenotyped reliably based on the number of antral follicles growing during follicular waves (antral follicle count, AFC). Young adult cattle with a consistently low v. a high AFC have smaller gonads, a markedly diminished ovarian reserve and many other phenotypic characteristics usually associated with ovarian aging and infertility. A powerful new approach based on a single measurement of serum concentration of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is described to test the longstanding hypothesis that the size of the ovarian reserve is positively associated with fertility. Also, new evidence shows that maternal environment has a critical role in regulation of the high variation in the ovarian reserve and perhaps fertility in offspring. These results support the conclusion that the inherently high variation in the ovarian reserve, potentially caused by alterations in the maternal environment, has a negative impact on ovarian function that may result in suboptimal fertility in young adult cattle, and a single AMH measurement can be used reliably in future studies to determine if fertility is suboptimal in young adult cattle with low circulating AMH concentrations and a correspondingly diminished ovarian reserve.

P–749 Knowledge of women undergoing surgery for endometrioma regarding the impact of the disease and its treatment on ovarian reserve and fertility

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Horan ◽  
L Glover ◽  
P Downey ◽  
M Wingfield
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Histological Diagnosis ◽  
Ovarian Cysts ◽  
Medical Setting ◽  
Future Fertility ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Ovarian Endometriomas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Study question Do women undergoing surgery for endometrioma due to pain, a cyst and/or subfertility understand the impact of the disease and its treatment on ovarian reserve and fertility. Summary answer The majority of women treated in a fertility setting are well informed compared to those in a general medical setting. What is known already: Infertility affects 30% to 50% of women with endometriosis. Ovarian endometriomas are reported in 17–44% of infertile women with endometriosis and are typically associated with more severe disease. Endometriomas are associated with diminished ovarian reserve, due to the endometrioma per se or due to surgical interventions required to treat and excise the disease. ESHRE guidelines recommend that women should be informed pre-operatively of the potential reduction in ovarian reserve associated with surgery and that ovarian reserve tests should be performed when future fertility is a concern. Study design, size, duration In conjunction with our histopathology colleagues we identified a cohort of women with a histological diagnosis of one or more ovarian endometriomas who underwent surgery in our unit between 2010 and 2019. We developed a scoping questionnaire, targeted at women currently over the age of 40, who had previously undergone surgery for endometrioma under the age of 35. Patients were contacted by telephone and consent obtained to send an email with a survey link. Participants/materials, setting, methods We identified 47 women who had a histological diagnosis of endometrioma. Of these, 30 were contactable by telephone, of whom 29 consented to being sent information regarding the study and a link to the questionnaire. 21 women completed the survey. Respondents were divided into 2 groups for analysis. Group 1 cited ‘fertility’ or ‘both pain and fertility’ as an indication for their surgery while group 2 had ‘pain’ or ‘ovarian cysts’ but no fertility concerns. Main results and the role of chance: The majority (62%) of patients were diagnosed with endometriosis while aged 25–34. The indication for surgery was evenly divided between pain (32%), fertility (37%) and ovarian cysts (37%). 60% of women reported having endometriomas diagnosed preoperatively. Striking differences were noted between groups 1 and 2. Of the women who cited ‘fertility’ or ‘both pain and fertility’ (n = 9) as an indication for their surgery, 78% (n = 7) reported being aware of any possible negative impact of endometriosis on their fertility, with 78% also being aware of the possible negative impact of surgery for endometriosis on their fertility. This compared to only 36% (n = 4) and 27% (n = 3) respectively in Group 2. In group 1, 56% (n = 5) remembered having an AMH level checked pre operatively while 78% (n = 7) also had an ultrasound pre-operatively. In contrast, only 33% (n = 3) of Group 2 remember having an AMH level checked pre operatively though 64% (n = 7) had an ultrasound pre-operatively. Of those whose surgery was performed by a fertility specialist, 75% (n = 6) reported being aware of the impact of endometriosis and also the impact of surgery on ovarian reserve, compared to 44% (n = 4) of those who surgery was performed by a non-fertility specialist. Limitations, reasons for caution This is a retrospective study and the numbers are small. We were only able to identify women with an endometrioma via pathology records, so those with no excision of disease (eg those who had ablation of an endometrioma) were excluded from this analysis. Wider implications of the findings: This suggests the majority of patients treated in a fertility setting are counselled regarding the benefit of surgery but also the risk to ovarian reserve. This is not the case in other settings. It is time to disseminate guidelines such as those produced by ESHRE to our general gynaecology colleagues. Trial registration number Not applicable

scholarly journals Institutional change of compensation policy and its impact on CEO turnover and firm performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenli Yin ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Maria Paz Salmador
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Ceo Turnover ◽  
Policy Adoption ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Compensation Policy ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe existing corporate governance literature has mostly focused on micro-level studies of executive compensation, with limited attention paid to influential macro-level factors such as institutions and institutional changes and their impacts on corporate governance and performance. The implementation of the new compensation policy that restricts CEO compensation ceiling in state-owned firms in China offers an ideal context for us to study how institutional changes and firms’ adoption of these changes can influence CEO turnover and firm performance. Our empirical analyses reveal that the positive impact of new compensation policy adoption on CEO turnover is stronger for CEOs with originally higher compensation. The impact of new compensation policy adoption on firm performance, however, is negative, and the negative impact is contingent upon a firm’s market share and tech intensity. Our research contributes to the literature on corporate governance by theorizing and empirically demonstrating the critical role that institutions play in corporate governance.

Effect of Electro-acupuncture on Ovarian Function and Outcome of Ivf-et of Women With Diminished Ovarian Reserve: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Yang ◽  
Hanwang Zhang ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
Ying Gao ◽  
Lijuan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Diminished Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Ivf Et

Abstract Background:Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is the precursor state of ovarian failure, and can cause the decline of women’s reproductive function. DOR also leads to poor outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) by affecting the oocytes, high qualified embryo rate, pregnancy rate, etc. Some studies have demonstrated that acupuncture can improve ovarian function. But to date, there is limited evidence indicating that acupuncture or electro-acupuncture is efficient to DOR. This trial aims to evaluate the efficiency and safety of electro-acupuncture for the ovarian function and the following outcome of IVF-ET in DOR patients.Methods:This will be a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of more than 338 women with DOR will be randomly allocated to treatment and control groups in 1:1 ratio receiving acupuncture before undergoing IVF-ET. The primary outcome will be the clinical pregnancy rate per cycle of IVF-ET after acupuncture. The secondary outcomes will be ovarian reserve function, outcomes of IVT-ET, blood biochemical index, Massachusetts General Hospital Acupuncture Sensation Scale (MASS), scores from the self-rating anxiety and depression scale, quality of life, and pregnancy outcomes. The safety of acupuncture will also be assessed.Discussion:The results of this trial may provide high quality evidence regarding the effectiveness of electro-acupuncture in the treatment of DOR and following outcomes of IVF-ET. This will also help patients with DOR and their physicians by offering a new treatment option.Trial registration:ChiCTR1900024626. Registered on 19 July 2019.

scholarly journals Antimullerian Hormone Changes after Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy for Endometrioma Compared with the Nonovarian Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Chamnan Tanprasertkul ◽  
Sakol Manusook ◽  
Charintip Somprasit ◽  
Sophapun Ekarattanawong ◽  
Opas Sreshthaputra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Pelvic Surgery ◽  
Ovarian Cystectomy ◽  
Antimullerian Hormone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Antimüllerian Hormone ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
The Impact

Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy is recommended for surgical procedure of endometrioma. The negative impact on ovarian reserve following removal had been documented. Little evidence had been reported for nonovarian originated effects.Objective.To evaluate the impact of laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy for endometrioma on ovarian reserve, measured by serum antimullerian hormone (AMH), compared to nonovarian pelvic surgery.Materials and Methods.A prospective study was conducted. Women who underwent laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy (LOC) and laparoscopic nonovarian pelvic surgery (NOS) were recruited and followed up through 6 months. Clinical baseline data and AMH were evaluated.Results.39 and 38 participants were enrolled in LOC and NOS groups, respectively. Baseline characteristics (age, weight, BMI, and height) and preoperative AMH level between 2 groups were not statistically different. After surgery, AMH of both groups decreased since the first week, at 1 month and at 3 months. However, as compared to the LOC group at 6 months after operation, the mean AMH of the NOS group had regained its value with a highly significant difference.Conclusion.This study demonstrated the negative impact of nonovarian or indirect effects of laparoscopic surgery to ovarian reserve. The possible mechanisms are necessary for more investigations.

scholarly journals Metabolomic profiling of serum in aging mice supplemented with tocotrienol-rich fraction for identification of female reproductive aging biomarkers

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-470
Author(s):  
Norrabiátul Adawiyah Aziz ◽  
Fathimah Mohamad ◽  
Teh Lay Kek ◽  
Nuraliza Abdul Satar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Reproductive Aging ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Tocotrienol Rich Fraction ◽  
The Impact

Ovarian aging has been associated with increased oxidative stress leading to loss of ovarian function and infertility. Tocotrienol, a potent antioxidant, has been proven to exert beneficial effects in the female reproductive system. Serum metabolites were analyzed to examine the biochemical changes and to identify biomarkers related to reproductive aging that could lead to poor embryo quality and development. Female Mus musculus mice were divided into four groups. Six-month-old mice were given tocopherol-stripped corn oil as a vehicle control while other groups were supplemented orally with tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) at doses of 90, 120, and 150 mg/kg bodyweight for two months, respectively. After two months, mice from all groups were super ovulated, and euthanized. Embryos were collected at the 2-cell stage and cultured to monitor their development while serum was used for metabolomic analysis. The percentage of normal embryos and development of embryos to blastocyst stage were significantly higher in groups supplemented with TRF. A total of 71 metabolites that are related to reproductive aging were identified in all groups and significant changes were detected in metabolic pathways that include fatty acids, amino acids metabolism and steroid hormone biosynthesis. These changes suggest that aging has a negative impact on cellular energy storage, energy metabolism and oxidative stress that subsequently affect female fertility. Supplementation with TRF prevented the impact of age related metabolic changes on the embryo. Thus, it appears that TRF exerts a protective mechanism towards female reproductive aging.

Assessment of ovarian reserve and reproductive outcomes in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Ponce ◽  
Sergi Fernandez-Gonzalez ◽  
Iris Calvo ◽  
Maite Climent ◽  
Judith Peñafiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Brca1 Mutation ◽  
Brca2 Mutation ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Outcomes ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Mutation Carriers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hormone Analysis

IntroductionThe clinical impact on fertility in carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess ovarian reserve as measured by anti-mullerian hormone levels in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers, as well as to investigate the impact of anti-mullerian hormone levels on reproductive outcomes.MethodsThe study involved a cohort of women who tested positive for BRCA1 and BRCA2 screening or were tested for a BRCA1 or BRCA2 family mutation. Blood samples were collected for anti-mullerian hormone analysis and the reproductive outcomes were analyzed after a mean follow-up of 9 years. Participants were classified into BRCA mutation-positive versus BRCA mutation-negative. Controls were healthy relatives who tested negative for the family mutation. All patients were contacted by telephone to collect data on reproductive outcomes. Linear regression was used to predict anti-mullerian hormone levels by BRCA status adjusted for a polynomial form of age.ResultsResults of anti-mullerian hormone analysis and reproductive outcomes were available for 135 women (BRCA mutation-negative, n=66; BRCA1 mutation-positive, n=32; BRCA2 mutation-positive, n=37). Anti-mullerian hormone curves according to BRCA status and adjusted by age showed that BRCA2 mutation-positive patients have lower levels of anti-mullerian hormone as compared with BRCA-negative and BRCA1 mutation-positive. Among the women who tried to conceive, infertility was observed in 18.7% of BRCA mutation-negative women, in 22.2% of BRCA1 mutation-positive women, and in 30.8% of BRCA2 mutation-positive women (p=0.499). In the multivariable analysis, there were no factors independently associated with infertility.DiscussionBRCA2 mutation-positive carriers showed more diminished anti-mullerian hormone levels than BRCA1 mutation-positive and BRCA mutation-negative women. However, these differences do not appear to have a negative impact on reproductive outcome. This is important to consider at the time of reproductive counseling in women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations.

scholarly journals The Impact of Chemotherapy on the Ovaries: Molecular Aspects and the Prevention of Ovarian Damage

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Sonigo ◽  
Isabelle Beau ◽  
Nadine Binart ◽  
Michaël Grynberg
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Embryo Cryopreservation ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Massive Growth ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
Ovarian Damage ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
The Impact

Cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy, induces early ovarian follicular depletion and subsequent infertility. In order to protect gametes from the gonadotoxic effects of chemotherapy, several fertility preservation techniques—such as oocyte or embryo cryopreservation with or without ovarian stimulation, or cryopreservation of the ovarian cortex—should be considered. However, these methods may be difficult to perform, and the future use of cryopreserved germ cells remains uncertain. Therefore, improving the methods currently available and developing new strategies to preserve fertility represent major challenges in the area of oncofertility. Animal and ovarian culture models have been used to decipher the effects of different cytotoxic agents on ovarian function and several theories regarding chemotherapy gonadotoxicity have been raised. For example, cytotoxic agents might (i) have a direct detrimental effect on the DNA of primordial follicles constituting the ovarian reserve and induce apoptosis; (ii) induce a massive growth of dormant follicles, which are then destroyed; or (ii) induce vascular ovarian damage. Thanks to improvements in the understanding of the mechanisms involved, a large number of studies have been carried out to develop molecules limiting the negative impact of chemotherapy on the ovaries.

scholarly journals Consumption-oriented engagement in social network sites

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 1355-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hillbun Ho ◽  
Kenichi Ito
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Network Sites ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Materialistic Values ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Mounting empirical evidence shows that engagement in social network sites (SNSs) could have a negative impact on users’ personal well-being. However, studies of the undesirable effects of SNS use have not examined SNSs as a channel for users to share consumption information and experiences. To extend prior research, this study aims to examine the impact of consumption-oriented engagement (COE) in SNSs on young adult consumers’ personal well-being in terms of anxiety and self-esteem, as well as excessive spending. Design/methodology/approach Surveys were the primary means of data collection from a sample of young college students (N = 900). Moderated hierarchical regression was used to test the hypotheses. Findings COE is positively associated with anxiety and excessive spending and negatively associated with self-esteem. Social comparison mediates these relationships, and individuals’ materialistic values moderate the mediation. Research limitations/implications This study demonstrates the psychological and behavioral outcomes of consumer socialization via digital media among young adult consumers. It introduces and empirically validates social comparison as a theoretical explanation for the effects of COE. In addition, it validates materialistic values as a personal trait that moderates the effects of COE. Practical implications The study validates COE as a key precursor to the well-being of young adult users of SNSs and social comparison as the mediator. With this understanding, public policies can be designed to mitigate the root cause of the negative impact of SNS use. Originality/value Findings shed light on the negative repercussions of engagement in SNSs in the consumption domain and provide an impetus for educators, researchers and policymakers to make further efforts to gain a thorough understanding of the pitfalls of social media use.

scholarly journals Effect of electro-acupuncture on ovarian function of women with diminished ovarian reserve: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Yang ◽  
Hanwang Zhang ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
Ying Gao ◽  
Lijuan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Diminished Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Ivf Et

Abstract Background Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is the precursor state of ovarian failure and can cause the decline of women’s reproductive function. DOR also leads to poor outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) by affecting the oocytes, high qualified embryo rate, pregnancy rate, etc. Some studies have demonstrated that acupuncture can improve ovarian function. But to date, there is limited evidence indicating that acupuncture or electro-acupuncture is efficient to DOR. This trial aims to evaluate the efficiency and safety of electro-acupuncture for the ovarian function and the following outcome of IVF-ET in DOR patients. Methods This will be a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of more than 338 women with DOR will be randomly allocated to treatment and control groups in 1:1 ratio receiving acupuncture before undergoing IVF-ET. The primary outcome will be the clinical pregnancy rate per cycle of IVF-ET after acupuncture. The secondary outcomes will be ovarian reserve function, outcomes of IVT-ET, blood biochemical index, Massachusetts General Hospital Acupuncture Sensation Scale (MASS), scores from the self-rating anxiety and depression scale, quality of life, and pregnancy outcomes. The safety of acupuncture will also be assessed. Discussion The results of this trial may provide high-quality evidence regarding the effectiveness of electro-acupuncture in the treatment of DOR and following outcomes of IVF-ET. This will also help patients with DOR and their physicians by offering a new treatment option. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900024626. Registered on 19 July 2019.

scholarly journals Authentic leadership and follower trust in the leader: The effect of precariousness

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deon J. Kleynhans ◽  
Marita M. Heyns ◽  
Marius W. Stander
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Style ◽  
Authentic Leadership ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Follower Trust

Orientation: In a business context characterised by precariousness and uncertainty, the importance of trusting leader-follower relationships is becoming critical to navigate imminent challenges preventing organisational sustainability and progress. The potential negative impact of related challenges could be reduced by encouraging leaders to adopt an authentic leadership style, culminating in various positive employee and organisational outcomes.Research purpose: This study investigated the impact of authentic leadership (AL) on follower trust in the leader (TL), while considering the possible indirect influence of perceived precariousness in the form of job insecurity.Motivation for the study: Establishing a high level of trust among the followers and their leaders employed by a manufacturing organisation under operational and financial pressure might contribute to a more effective functioning of the entity.Research approach/design and method: A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was applied. The Authentic Leadership Inventory, Workplace Trust Survey, and Job Insecurity Scale were administered.Main findings: Authentic leadership was a significant predictor of TL. Job insecurity did not moderate the relationship between AL and TL.Practical/managerial implications: Promoting an AL style will benefit manufacturing organisations as it will elevate the trustful relationship between leaders and followers, despite precarious working conditions.Contribution/value-add: The study emphasises AL’s critical role in cultivating a trustful relationship between followers and their leaders. The non-significant influence of job insecurity on a trustful relationship in a precarious work context was also highlighted.

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