203 High environmental temperatures during early fetal life may impair the ovarian reserve in cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
S. Succu ◽  
S. Sale ◽  
G. Ghirello ◽  
J. Ireland ◽  
A. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

The causes of the inherently high variation in number of follicles and oocytes in ovaries of mammals are unknown. Evidence suggests that the ovarian reserve (total number of healthy follicles and oocytes in ovaries) can be programmed by events occurring during fetal life. For instance, maternal nutritional restriction during the first trimester of pregnancy negatively affects the size of the ovarian reserve in calves. The aim of the present study was to establish whether exposure of pregnant dairy cows to high environmental temperatures from conception to the end of the first trimester of pregnancy impairs establishment of the ovarian reserve in their offspring. This work was conducted in four commercial dairy farms with similar nutrition and farming systems located in Sardinia, Italy, on a total of 310 Holstein-Friesian dairy heifers (16 months old) that were conceived and born at different times of year coincident with different environmental temperatures. We tested whether exposure of the heifer's dams to a mean temperature-humidity index (THI) >68 from conception to the end of the first trimester of pregnancy resulted in a diminished ovarian reserve in their offspring. To estimate the size of the ovarian reserve, a single blood sample was collected to measure serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH; n=310), and the number of follicles >3mm (antral follicle count, AFC) was assessed using transrectal ovarian ultrasonography (n=258) on a random day of the oestrous cycle (16.09±0.07 months of age). Relations among variables were analysed with Pearson correlation with SAS (SAS Institute Inc.). Anti-Müllerian hormone and AFC were analysed with a mixed model (PROC MIXED of SAS) considering the main effects of season during the first trimester of fetal life and age at sampling; the effect of farm was included as a random effect. Tukey's test was used for comparisons. Circulating AMH concentrations and AFC were highly positively correlated (P<0.0001), as previously reported. The results also showed that both AMH concentrations and AFC were lower (419.27±22.81 pgmL−1, 9.32±0.42 follicles; P<0.0001) in young adult heifers of the dams exposed to a THI >68 compared with dams exposed to an average THI of 55 (634.91±47.60 pgmL−1, 11.84±0.46 follicles). Neither AMH nor AFC were influenced by farm and age at sampling of the daughters. In conclusion, maternal exposure to THI >68 (typical high temperatures during summers in Sardinia) during the first trimester of pregnancy has a negative effect on the development of the ovarian reserve in female fetuses, which may subsequently impair their reproductive performance as adults. Research was funded by Regione Autonoma della Sardegna, Legge Regionale 7, Bando 2015.

Undernutrition of Heifers During the First Trimester of Pregnancy Diminishes Size of the Ovarian Reserve in Female Offspring.

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (Suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 135-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Mossa ◽  
David Kenny ◽  
Fermin Jimenez-Krassel ◽  
George W. Smith ◽  
Donagh Berry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

scholarly journals Prenatal Diagnosis of Cardiac Diverticulum with Pericardial Effusion in the First Trimester of Pregnancy with Resolution after Early Pericardiocentesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Garcia Rodriguez ◽  
Azahara Rodriguez Guedes ◽  
Raquel Garcia Delgado ◽  
Lourdes Roldan Gutierrez ◽  
Margarita Medina Castellano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Pericardial Effusion ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Rare Anomaly ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Cardiac diverticulum is a rare anomaly, which may present in association with pericardial effusion. Only few cases diagnosed during fetal life have been published and only in 12 cases pericardiocentesis was made with good postnatal outcomes in 83% of the cases. In the first trimester of pregnancy only 6 cases were reported. We described the largest series of cases published. We describe a case of cardiac diverticulum complicated with pericardial effusion during the first trimester of pregnancy and resolved by intrauterine pericardiocentesis at 17 weeks of pregnancy. We made a systematic review of the literature with the cases reported of cardiac diverticulum, management, and outcomes.

scholarly journals Risk of cardiovascular malformations after exposure to paroxetine in pregnancy: meta-analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 198-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitesh Painuly ◽  
Ritu Painuly ◽  
Reinhard Heun ◽  
Pratap Sharan
Keyword(s):  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Cardiovascular Malformations ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Cardiovascular Defects ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Aims and methodTo examine the association between the use of paroxetine during pregnancy and the risk of cardiovascular defects in the newborn. A systematic review of nine electronic databases was carried out and bibliographies were hand-searched for other relevant articles. Inclusion criteria for studies were the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the first trimester of pregnancy, with separate data available for paroxetine and cardiovascular defects in newborn babies. A random-effect model was used to combine the data.ResultsA total of 11 studies were included in the analysis, concerning 4515 offspring who were exposed to paroxetine in the first trimester and 1 469 302 controls. In pooled analysis, paroxetine in the first trimester of pregnancy was slightly, but significantly, associated with a risk of cardiovascular malformations in the offspring (relative risk= 1.25, 95% CI 1.01–1.54). Separate analyses of case-control and cohort studies made this difference non-significant.Clinical implicationsThis meta-analysis supports current guidelines advising not to use paroxetine in early pregnancy.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum Infections Throughout Pregnancy: A Preconception Cohort Study in Benin

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornélia P A Hounkonnou ◽  
Valérie Briand ◽  
Nadine Fievet ◽  
Manfred Accrombessi ◽  
Emmanuel Yovo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Falciparum Infection ◽  
African Women ◽  
Risk Period ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background In the context of global malaria elimination efforts, special attention is being paid to submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum infections. In pregnant, sub-Saharan African women, such infections are more prevalent than microscopic infections, and are thought to have adverse effects on both mothers’ and newborns’ health. However, no study has studied the dynamics and determinants of these infections throughout pregnancy. Retard de Croissance Intra-uterin et Paludisme (RECIPAL), a preconception cohort study carried out in Benin between 2014 and 2017, represented a unique opportunity to assess this issue. Methods We used data from 273 pregnant Beninese women who were followed-up from preconception to delivery. We studied the dynamics of and factors influencing submicroscopic (and microscopic) P. falciparum infections during the 3 trimesters of pregnancy, using an ordinal logistic mixed model. Results The incidence rate of submicroscopic P. falciparum infections during pregnancy was 12.7 per 100 person-months (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.8–14.9), compared to 6.7 per 100 person-months (95% CI 5.5–8.1) for microscopic infections. The prevalences were highest in the first trimester for both submicroscopic and microscopic infections. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, we found that those of young age and those with a submicroscopic P. falciparum infection prior to pregnancy were at significantly higher risks of submicroscopic and microscopic infections throughout pregnancy, with a more pronounced effect in the first trimester of pregnancy. Conclusions The first trimester of pregnancy is a particularly high-risk period for P. falciparum infection during pregnancy, especially for the youngest women. Malaria prevention tools covering the preconception period and early pregnancy are urgently needed to better protect pregnant women and their newborns.

FRACTIONAL DETERMINATIONS OF URINARY 17-KETOSTEROIDS IN HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pentti A. Järvinen ◽  
Sykkö Pesonen ◽  
Pirkko Väänänen
Keyword(s):  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Daily Urine ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT The fractional determination of 17-ketosteroids in the daily urine was performed in nine cases of hyperemesis gravidarum and in four control cases, in the first trimester of pregnancy both before and after corticotrophin administration. The excretion of total 17-KS is similar in the two groups. Only in the hyperemesis group does the excretion of total 17-KS increase significantly after corticotrophin administration. The fractional determination reveals no difference between the two groups of patients with regard to the values of the fractions U (unidentified 17-KS), A (androsterone) and Rest (11-oxygenated 17-KS). The excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone is significantly higher in the hyperemesis group than in the control group. The excretion of androstanolone seems to be lower in the hyperemesis group than in the control group, but the difference is not statistically significant. The differences in the correlation between dehydroepiandrosterone and androstanolone in the two groups is significant. The high excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone and low excretion of androstanolone in cases of hyperemesis gravidarum is a sign of adrenal dysfunction.

Impact of TSH during the first trimester of pregnancy in obstetric and fetal complications: Usefulness of 2.5 mIU/l cut-off value

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berta Soldevila ◽  
Marta Hernandez ◽  
Carolina Lopez ◽  
Laura Cacenarro ◽  
Maria Martinez-Barahona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Trimester ◽  
Fetal Complications ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Relationship between TSH values in the first trimester of pregnancy and obstetric and neonatal complications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Torres Moreno ◽  
Gabriela Castillo Carvajal ◽  
Lucrecia Vegara Fernandez ◽  
del Val Teresa Lopez ◽  
Victoria Alcazar Lazaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Trimester ◽  
Neonatal Complications ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy
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