scholarly journals Mating induces the expression of immune- and pH-regulatory genes in the utero-vaginal junction containing mucosal sperm-storage tubuli of hens

Reproduction ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 473-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Atikuzzaman ◽  
Ratnesh Mehta Bhai ◽  
Jesper Fogelholm ◽  
Dominic Wright ◽  
Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Storage ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Cdna Microarray Analysis ◽  
Internal Fertilization ◽  
Red Junglefowl ◽  
Its Gene ◽  
Sperm Entry ◽  
Sperm Survival ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Female Chicken

The female chicken, as with other species with internal fertilization, can tolerate the presence of spermatozoa within specialized sperm-storage tubuli (SST) located in the mucosa of the utero-vaginal junction (UVJ) for days or weeks, without eliciting an immune response. To determine if the oviduct alters its gene expression in response to sperm entry, segments from the oviduct (UVJ, uterus, isthmus, magnum and infundibulum) of mated and unmated (control) hens, derived from an advanced inter-cross line between Red Junglefowl and White Leghorn, were explored 24 h after mating using cDNA microarray analysis. Mating shifted the expression of fifteen genes in the UVJ (53.33% immune-modulatory and 20.00% pH-regulatory) and seven genes in the uterus, none of the genes in the latter segment overlapping the former (with the differentially expressed genes themselves being less related to immune-modulatory function). The other oviductal segments did not show any significant changes. These findings suggest sperm deposition causes a shift in expression in the UVJ (containing mucosal SST) and the uterus for genes involved in immune-modulatory and pH-regulatory functions, both relevant for sperm survival in the hen's oviduct.

Multiple Matings and Sperm Competition

2020 ◽  
pp. 332-363
Author(s):  
Carola Becker ◽  
Raymond T. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Mate Guarding ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
Internal Fertilization ◽  
Multiple Matings ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Anatomical Adaptations ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Molecular Aspects

In polyandrous mating systems, females mate multiple times and males have evolved adaptations for sperm competition which increase the number and fitness of their offspring. Mate guarding is a widespread monopolization strategy in groups where female receptivity is temporally restricted and often associated with the molt. Precopulatory guarding occurs in branchipods, copepods, peracarids and decapods. Postcopulatory guarding is notable in numerous brachyurans with males protecting females until her exoskeleton has hardened. During copulation, male success in fertilization depends on an effective sperm transfer mechanism, the precise placement of ejaculates closest to where female gametes are fertilized. Male copulatory systems are highly diverse and strongly adapted to these tasks, especially the structures that interact with the female genital ducts. The elaborate tips of brachyuran gonopods are supposed to act in the displacement, possibly even in the removal of rival sperm masses; however, sperm removal is only evident in crayfish: males eat spermatophores previously deposited by other males. During copulation of several crustacean groups, males transfer secretions that harden and form a sealant. These sperm plugs, plaques and gel layers may protect their own sperm, prevent remating or seal off rival sperm from the site of fertilization. Several groups of isopods and decapods have internal insemination, elaborate sperm storage organs and some exhibit internal fertilization. The intensity of sperm competition increases with the latency between the processes of insemination and fertilization. This chapter gives on overview on mate guarding, male sealants and the anatomical adaptations to sperm competition in crustaceans. We also briefly discuss the consequences of multiple matings for the genetic diversity of broods, i.e., single vs. multiple paternities. There is still a lack of data for many crustacean groups. Moreover, it is often hard to assess how successful a male strategy to ensure paternity actually is as many studies focus on either the behavioral, anatomical, or molecular aspects, while comprehensive multi-level studies on crustacean sperm competition are virtually absent from the literature.

scholarly journals Sequencing of the black rockfish chromosomal genome provides insight into sperm storage in the female ovary

DNA Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 453-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghua Liu ◽  
Xueying Wang ◽  
Yongshuang Xiao ◽  
Haixia Zhao ◽  
Shihong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
Internal Fertilization ◽  
Black Rockfish ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Sequencing Platforms ◽  
Female Ovary

Abstract Black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) is an economically important viviparous marine teleost in Japan, Korea, and China. It is characterized by internal fertilization, long-term sperm storage in the female ovary, and a high abortion rate. For better understanding the mechanism of fertilization and gestation, it is essential to establish a reference genome for viviparous teleosts. Herein, we used a combination of Pacific Biosciences sequel, Illumina sequencing platforms, 10× Genomics, and Hi-C technology to obtain a genome assembly size of 848.31 Mb comprising 24 chromosomes, and contig and scaffold N50 lengths of 2.96 and 35.63 Mb, respectively. We predicted 39.98% repetitive elements, and 26,979 protein-coding genes. S. schlegelii diverged from Gasterosteus aculeatus ∼32.1-56.8 million years ago. Furthermore, sperm remained viable within the ovary for up to 6 months. The glucose transporter SLC2 showed significantly positive genomic selection, and carbohydrate metabolism-related KEGG pathways were significantly up-regulated in ovaries after copulation. In vitro suppression of glycolysis with sodium iodoacetate reduced sperm longevity significantly. The results indicated the importance of carbohydrates in maintaining sperm survivability. Decoding the S. schlegelii genome not only provides new insights into sperm storage; additionally, it is highly valuable for marine researchers and reproduction biologists.

scholarly journals Acp36DE is required for uterine conformational changes in mated Drosophila females

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (37) ◽  
pp. 15796-15800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank W. Avila ◽  
Mariana F. Wolfner
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
Internal Fertilization ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Subsequent Storage ◽  
And Behavior

In a multitude of animals with internal fertilization, including insects and mammals, sperm are stored within a female's reproductive tract after mating. Defects in the process of sperm storage drastically reduce reproductive success. In Drosophila males, “Acp” seminal proteins alter female postmating physiology and behavior, and are necessary for several aspects of sperm storage. For example, Acps cause a series of conformational changes in the mated female's reproductive tract that occur during and immediately after mating. These conformational changes have been hypothesized to aid both in the movement of sperm within the female and in the subsequent storage of those sperm. We used RNAi to systematically knock down several Acps involved in sperm storage to determine whether they played a role in the mating-induced uterine conformational changes. Mates of males lacking the glycoprotein Acp36DE, which is needed for the accumulation of sperm in the storage organs, fail to complete the full sequence of the conformational changes. Our results show that uterine conformational changes are important for proper accumulation of sperm in storage and identify a seminal protein that mediates these changes. Four Acps included in this study, previously shown to affect sperm release from storage (CG9997, CG1656, CG1652, and CG17575), are not necessary for uterine conformational changes to occur. Rather, consistent with their role in later steps of sperm storage, we show here that their presence can affect the outcome of sperm competition situations.

scholarly journals Segregation of spermatozoa within sperm storage tubules of fowl and turkey hens

Reproduction ◽  
2002 ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
LM King ◽  
JP Brillard ◽  
WM Garrett ◽  
MR Bakst ◽  
AM Donoghue
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Hoechst 33342 ◽  
Sperm Entry ◽  
Sperm Nuclei ◽  
Sperm Storage Tubules ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Mammalian Spermatozoa

In avian species, spermatozoa reside in the oviduct for prolonged periods in specialized structures known as sperm storage tubules, but little is known about the relative distribution of spermatozoa in these tubules after successive inseminations by different males. The staining efficacies of various fluorescent dyes for fowl and turkey spermatozoa were evaluated to investigate one proposed mechanism of sperm competition. Hens were then inseminated at different intervals with stained and unstained spermatozoa to observe the spatial distribution of spermatozoa within the storage tubules. Several novel fluorescent lipophilic tracers that successfully stain mammalian spermatozoa either did not stain fowl or turkey spermatozoa, or greatly impaired sperm motility. In contrast, Hoechst 33342 readily stained sperm nuclei (fowl: 25 nmol l-1; turkey: 77 nmol l-1) within 4 h without inhibiting sperm motility, or affecting fertility or the hatching ability of the eggs. Hens were tandemly inseminated with equal numbers of stained or unstained spermatozoa at 24 h intervals and were killed 24 h after the final insemination to study sperm entry and storage within the tubules. Oviductal mucosa containing sperm storage tubules was removed, and individual tubules were classified as containing stained spermatozoa, unstained spermatozoa, a mixture of stained and unstained spermatozoa, or as not containing spermatozoa. Results from the present study indicate that spermatozoa from two different inseminations generally segregate into different storage tubules in both fowl and turkey hens. Storage tubules containing mixed populations of spermatozoa were found in only 4% of fowl and 12% of turkey storage tubules examined. Thus, the mechanism of last-male precedence does not appear to be due to the stratification of spermatozoa within the tubules.

Maintenance of bioenergetic balance in sperm and prevention of lipid peroxidation: a review of the effect on design of storage preservation systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Hammerstedt
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Release Potential ◽  
Sperm Survival ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Ram Sperm

Effective use of encapsulated sperm requires careful review of: (a) the conditions under which the procedure can be effectively used; (b) assessment of the effect of storage conditions on sperm survival; (c) description of the environment of the female tract before, during and after capsule deposition; and (d) economic evaluation of impact and costs of the putative technology. Sperm survival depends on successful sustenance over two periods of storage (at subambient temperatures after collection and extension, then at body temperature when placed in the female tract) and one period of action (after release and until fertilization). The bioenergetic requirements of cauda epididymal and ejaculated bull and ram sperm are reviewed in terms of absolute ATP needs and are discussed in terms of storage needs. In addition, sperm inactivation by lipid peroxidation is discussed and suggestions are provided to minimize the process. Two general types of containers are possible. An open porous form allows free passage of nutrients and metabolic products; the entrapped sperm are thus subjected to the changing environment in the female tract. The other form is a sealed capsule that opens to release sperm before ovulation; it provides a sperm storage environment independent of female tract chemistry but introduces problems of nutrient supply and metabolite release. Potential experimental approaches to evaluate each type of system are discussed.

Fearfulness in red junglefowl and domesticated White Leghorn chickens

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Campler ◽  
Markus Jöngren ◽  
Per Jensen
Keyword(s):  
White Leghorn ◽  
Red Junglefowl

Major Growth QTLs in Fowl Are Related to Fearful Behavior: Possible Genetic Links Between Fear Responses and Production Traits in a Red Junglefowl × White Leghorn Intercross

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin E. Schütz ◽  
Susanne Kerje ◽  
Lina Jacobsson ◽  
Björn Forkman ◽  
Örjan Carlborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Traits ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Red Junglefowl
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